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Published By International Institute Of Administrative Sciences

2466-8877

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Abiha Zahra ◽  
Geert Bouckaert

State structures are constantly adjusted for resilience in a social world full of external and internal challenges. Structural shifts or reforms are comprehensively explored in the public management literature; though little is known regarding the dynamics of reforms in a developing context like Pakistan and that too from a longitudinal perspective. This research documents the key adjustments in the state structure and analyzes the changing dynamics of reform mechanisms at the federal level of Pakistan in a period of over seven decades. Both civilian and military led governments made continuous adjustments in state structures with shifting choices in reform mechanisms. With dominance of hierarchy type mechanisms over the years, the new trends in reforms around the world including market and network type mechanisms were also brought in for a resilient system. Markets and hierarchies were mostly blended in with hierarchies to create state specific reform patterns. Developing countries pick up international trends in reforms imported from West; however, the way they are influenced by the role of contextual actors (both political and non-political).


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ssekamate

Higher education offers several opportunities for faculty, administrative staff, and students to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as promote sustainability within the areas where such institutions are located. Through training, research, and community engagement functions, higher education institutions can ably contribute to sustainability and climate change response. This paper presents part of the findings from a larger study conducted at University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The researcher adopted a socio-constructivist perspective to explore the perspectives and views of lecturers, administrators, and students on climate change related programmes regarding the role that university governance and management can play in promoting climate change and sustainability interventions at their university. Data was generated using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) from 33 participants. Data was analysed using thematic analysis based on Braun & Clarke (2006). Findings revealed several roles that their university’s governance has and continues to play in promoting climate change and sustainability interventions including integrating these aspects in the university strategy, adding climate change and sustainability to the university research agenda, and promoting sustainability practices in the management and governance processes and systems. The findings may be handy in supporting other universities to promote these aspects right from the governance levels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Guilan Zhu

How to improve the performance and efficiency of a public administration system has been an eternal challenge and a regular item on the government agenda. In contrast to an institutional check-and-balance mechanism, cadre education and training plays a special role in the Chinese socialist system. Educational work to inculcate desirable contents in cadres’ thoughts has taken up a large part in the Party’s efforts to enhance cadres’ capability since the years of revolutionary struggle. It is a strategy adopted by the Party-state for the sake of making cadres loyal to the CCP in bothpolitical and administrative e aspects. The study reviews the conceptual and theoretical discussion on the term ‘responsibility.’ The practices that the CCP adopted to create cadre responsibility in China are analysed through the perspective of “structure-and-agency.” The paper argues that individual agency goes beyond institutionalaccountability within China’s Public Administration System.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Leila El Baradei

From a rights perspective, disabled citizens should have access to education, health, employment and information services similar to all other citizens. Besides governments, civil society organizations have an important role to play. The aim of the current research paper is to explore the role of Egyptian non-governmental organizations in integrating the 'differently abled' citizens in society. After reviewing the range of theoretical models  used in studying disability, whether the individualistic/medical model, the social model or the biopsychosocial model, a case study approach, adopting the most different design, is used to study the work of four non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working with the disabled in Egypt. Findings revealed that the implicit disability model adopted by the different NGOs influenced their activities, their perception of challenges faced, and their recommendations for improved effectiveness. While the traditional NGOs followed the individualistic/medical model of disability, the other relatively newer NGOs leaned more towards the social model. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rik Peeters ◽  
Fernando Nieto-Morales

Access to rights depends on the institutional capacity to deliver and citizens’ capacity to benefit from public services and programmes. This is where bureaucracy and inequality meet: many times, even if access procedures are designed for equality, they do not produce equal results. Bureaucratic pathologies, deficits, and administrative burdens imply that different citizens might not share the same experience while interacting with government agencies. Moreover, in some developing countries like Mexico, inequality in access leads to the creation and reinforcement of "low-trust” bureaucracies. This paper offers some general ideas on this problem and stresses the relevance of understanding bureaucratic dysfunction from the citizens' point of view particularly in weak institutional contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. i-iii
Author(s):  
Steve Troupin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Hiwot Amare Tadesse

The past few decades have witnessed the integration of non-state actors in public service delivery. Partnerships as a form of governance involves state and non-state actors in public policy formulation and implementation. The widespread poverty and severe health problems in Ethiopia demand for an increasing role of a wide range of actors outside of the state. In the past few years, the Ethiopian government has been actively seeking collaborative arrangements for health service delivery that are aimed at ensuring access to basic and quality health service delivery. The paper will focus on studying MSPs for health service delivery as a form of governance, hence we focus on the internal dynamics of the MSPs for health service delivery and provide an understanding of state and non-state interaction in these governance networks. The case analysis is based on a specific MSP for helath service delivery at local level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Esa Käyhkö

Resilience ethics means a shared ethical responsibility for our actions and environment. Sustainable governance is interested in the complexity of sustainability and the rise of resilience thinking. There are multiple ways to apply the idea of resilience to shared narratives about public problems and environmental concerns for the future. In particular, resilience ethics are related to human interventions in ecosystems and the resultant responsibility to care for them. The integration of resilience and sustainability leads us to study the distribution of wealth and other root causes of social inequality and injustice. The current paper argues that institutional change and collective action are critical elements in society’s resilience. Therefore, three global problems should be addressed as the focus of resilience and sustainability: (1) divided societies and growing inequalities should be considered in terms of income distribution, employment, and education; (2) wealth and power should be redistributed in terms of common-pool resources and affected communities; and (3) intersectional inequality should be reconsidered in different axes of oppression and social injustice. A renewed perspective for democratic and responsible citizenship is required to enhance direct citizen participation in public policies and social change. In this regard, social and administrative scientific advances create opportunities for the resilient future.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Yuri Krivorotko ◽  
Andrei Blakhin

The topic of welfare sector development in Belarus is nowadays of huge interest since by means of welfare development level it is possible to judge the level and the country’s economic system and the quality of public sector services as well. In recent years, especially in time of recession, the welfare sector positions in Belarus have been considerably weakened. And this is partly explained by the aspiration to keep the old Soviet designs in the welfare system construction. At the same time, when national and subnational budgets are being planned, the governments try to hold with great difficulty the budgetary indicators of welfare sphere at the level of last years. Such attempts, however, lead to the saving of budgetary funds only and they influence the deterioration of the welfare quality. The present paper pursues the aim to show: (i) what tendencies of social budgetary policy can be observed in the time of economic recession (ii), how consistent was the welfare orientation of the central and local budgets in practice and (iii) what prospect ways for welfare sector improvement are there in Belarus. This paper considers the Belarusian welfare branches in national budget and subnational ones, their structure, dynamics and other important indicators. The comparative analysis of welfare sector branches with other European countries is submitted. The paper opens with the inconsistent policy of the Belarusian authorities in the sphere of welfare branches funding. Prospect issues of welfare sphere finance reformation in Belarus in time of an economic crisis are considered.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Susumu Kamimura

Japan’s central government reforms in 2001 introduced a new approach to policy decision making, by implementing institutional measures that gave the Prime Minister a genuine center of power. These measures included legal clarification of the Prime Minister’s power to make proposals at Cabinet meetings, reinforced the Cabinet Secretariat’s planning function, and created the Cabinet Office (in particular, the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy). This paper examines the context behind this drastic transformation, and how these changes were implemented. It also documents the consequences of this power shift, by providing numerical evidence of increases in the Prime Minister’s staff complement, the augmentation of administrative bodies that report to him, and the extent of the legislative power now under his direct authority. Based on these analyses, this paper concludes that this strengthening of the Prime Minister’s power represents a Japanese version of the well-known “presidentialization” framework described by Poguntke and Webb.


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