Active Surfaces: Cavitation Engineered 3D Sponge Networks and Their Application in Active Surface Construction (Adv. Mater. 7/2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-984
Author(s):  
Julia Gensel ◽  
Tina Borke ◽  
Nicolas Pazos Pérez ◽  
Andreas Fery ◽  
Daria V. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Surface Construction

Improving Surface Based Clamping Simulations by Measuring the Position of Active Surfaces during the Clamping Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 2312-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welf Guntram Drossel ◽  
Martin Wahl ◽  
Frank Schulz ◽  
Reinhard Mauermann ◽  
Wilhelm Schützle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
The State ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Body Construction ◽  
Clamping Device

The manufacturing process of body parts starts with the step of sheet metal forming. The single parts, produced at the press shop, are put into clamping devices in order to align and to fix them. The fixation takes part before further operations like joining can be carried out. In order to simulate the process chain of add-on body parts realistically, the clamping process (closing the clamping device) has to be taken into account. The stationary surfaces of a clamping device are called passive and the moveable surfaces are called active surfaces. If the clamping process is calculated by means of active surfaces, their positions need to be measured in the state of a closed clamping device. While the passive surfaces of a body construction device can be measured with high reproducibility, the measurement of active surfaces in the state of a closed device is impracticable because of the loss of accessibility. Furthermore, if the parts to be clamped or the position of the clamping device differ from their designed position, the assembly works like a flat spring against the clamping device force in all spatial directions. The active surface does not reach the position which was measured before. In order to take these facts in clamping simulations into account, the end position of the active surfaces should be known. A clamping device concept on the basis of a measuring probe for optical measurement systems was developed. It is possible to determine the position of active surfaces with high reproducibility while the parts are clamped. It can be shown, that the presented clamping device concept contributes to significantly better results of clamping simulations. Thus a better starting basis for further simulations along the process chain is offered.

Cavitation Engineered 3D Sponge Networks and Their Application in Active Surface Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gensel ◽  
Tina Borke ◽  
Nicolas Pazos Pérez ◽  
Andreas Fery ◽  
Daria V. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surface ◽  
Surface Construction

scholarly journals Variation of Grain Height Characteristics of Electroplated cBN Grinding-Wheel Active Surfaces Associated with Their Wear

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bazan ◽  
Andrzej Kawalec ◽  
Tomasz Rydzak ◽  
Pawel Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cbn Grinding Wheel

During the operation of a single-layer grinding wheel (SLGW), irreversible changes occur on its active surface due to wear. The study of grinding-wheel microgeometry changes can be based on the measurement of the surface texture as well as the determination and analysis of its parameters. The article deals with the selection of suitable texture parameters and an appropriate mathematical model carrying information about the SLGW condition. In the study, samples of Pyrowear 53 steel were ground using electroplated cBN single-layer grinding wheels until they were completely worn out or removed assumed volume of the workpiece material. Each SLGW worked with constant process parameters. Among the 144 parameters tested, the highest sensitivity to changes in wheel active surfaces caused by wear was shown by the mean value of the mean island heights Zmean_m. In-depth research was conducted for Zmean_m and reduced peak height Spk. Compared to Spk, Zmean_m has proven to be a better measure of wear, especially when large areas of sticking occur. Moreover, the second-degree models linking Zmean_m and Spk to the process parameters and the specific material loss were better suited to the empirical data than the exponential models.

scholarly journals Constructing a method for assessing the effectiveness of using protective barriers near highways to decrease the level of air pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10 (114)) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Mykola Biliaiev ◽  
Vitalii Kozachyna ◽  
Viktoriia Biliaieva ◽  
Tetiana Rusakova ◽  
Oleksandr Berlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Protective Barrier ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

Highways are an intensive source of environmental pollution. Atmospheric air is exposed to the fastest anthropogenic influence. Therefore, a particularly important task is to minimize the level of air pollution near the highway. An effective method for solving this problem is the use of protective barriers of various shapes installed near highways. At the stage of designing these protective structures, an important task arises to assess their effectiveness. Estimation of the effectiveness of protective barriers by the method of the physical experiment takes considerable time to set up and conduct an experiment, as well as analyze the results of physical modeling. This method is not always convenient during design work. An alternative method is the method of mathematical modeling. For the designer, it is very important to have mathematical models that make it possible to quickly obtain a predictive result and take into consideration a set of important factors on which the effectiveness of the protective barrier depends. A method has been devised that makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of using protective barriers to reduce the level of air pollution near the highway. It was found that an increase in barrier height by 80 % leads to a 22 % decrease in the concentration of impurities behind the barrier. It was established that applying a barrier with a height of 1.5 m leads to a 26 % decrease in the concentration of impurities in buildings adjacent to the highway. A method has been devised to assess the effectiveness of using absorbent "TX Active" surfaces on the protective barrier located near the highway. This study's result revealed that the application of a barrier with one "TX Active" surface leads to a decrease in the concentration of NO behind the barrier by an average of 43 %. When using a barrier with two "TX Active" surfaces, a decrease in the NO concentration behind the barrier is 85 % on average

Wear of Electroplated Tools Used for Flat Grinding of Ceramics

2013 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 633-638
Author(s):  
Mariusz Deja
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Image Brightness ◽  
Diamond Tools ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abrasive Properties

Two methods for the abrasive properties evaluation, based on the image processing, are presented in the paper. Image processing analysis was developed to evaluate quickly the abrasive properties as the tool wears down. The coefficient based on the image brightness was calculated and additional analysis was based on the number of grains located on the active surface of the tool before and after machining. The second method is slower but gives better results especially for reflecting metallic surfaces. The active surfaces of electroplated CBN and diamond tools were analyzed. The practical time of electroplated tools' usage can be predicted with proposed methods.

Development of the UHV-STM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
S. Kitamura ◽  
A. Mogami
Keyword(s):  
Surface Science ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Stm Image ◽  
Surface Construction ◽  
Very High

Since Binnig, Rohrer and associates observed real-space topographic images of Si(111)-7×7 and invented the scanning tunneling microscope (STM),1) the STM has been accepted as a powerful surface science instrument.Recently, many application areas for the STM have been opened up, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and others. So, the STM technology holds a great promise for the future.The great advantages of the STM are its high spatial resolution in the lateral and vertical directions on the atomic scale. However, the STM has difficulty in identifying atomic images in a desired area because it uses piezoelectric (PZT) elements as a scanner.On the other hand, the demand to observe specimens under UHV condition has grown, along with the advent of the STM technology. The requirment of UHV-STM is especially very high in to study of surface construction of semiconductors and superconducting materials on the atomic scale. In order to improve the STM image quality by keeping the specimen and tip surfaces clean, we have built a new UHV-STM (JSTM-4000XV) system which is provided with other surface analysis capability.

Tenacious Mass Transfer Limitations Drive Catalytic Selectivity during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailun Yang ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Wilson A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Local Current

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>

The Role of Saline Aerosols in the Prevention and Therapy of Cardio-respiratory and Osteo-muscular Afflictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2832
Author(s):  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Marin Chirazi ◽  
Cezar Honceriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Gaseous Medium ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Gaseous Media ◽  
Source Number

The saline aerosols generated in gaseous media, as nanodispersions, behave, with respect to the concentration levels and the lifespan, as trimodal distributions (the three domains with Gaussian distributions: fine or Aitken under 50 �m, medium between 50 and 500 mm and, respectively, coarse or large between 500 and 1000 mm). The generation in latent state is dependent on the active surface of the source (number of generator centres, the size and position of the fluorescences, the porosity, size and shape of the source, etc.), the climatic parameters, but also on a series of other characteristics of the gaseous medium. Our team has demonstrated experimentally that saline aerosols, NaCl type, besides the ability to prevent and treat broncho-respiratory and cardiac conditions, through coassistance of saline aerosols of other cations than sodium, and of the iodine anion, have for certain levels of concentrations propitious effects over the immune, bone and muscular systems. Similarly proved has been the positive influence on the development of children, as well the determinant role in increasing athletic performance and of other human subjects performing intense activities.

Transient convective diffusion to a uniformly accessible surface under aparent slip conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Ondřej Wein
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Convective Diffusion ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Slip Conditions ◽  
Accessible Surface ◽  
Diffusion Problems

Analytical solutions are given to a class of unsteady one-dimensional convective-diffusion problems assuming power-law velocity profiles close to the transport-active surface.

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