scholarly journals Constructing a method for assessing the effectiveness of using protective barriers near highways to decrease the level of air pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10 (114)) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Mykola Biliaiev ◽  
Vitalii Kozachyna ◽  
Viktoriia Biliaieva ◽  
Tetiana Rusakova ◽  
Oleksandr Berlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Protective Barrier ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

Highways are an intensive source of environmental pollution. Atmospheric air is exposed to the fastest anthropogenic influence. Therefore, a particularly important task is to minimize the level of air pollution near the highway. An effective method for solving this problem is the use of protective barriers of various shapes installed near highways. At the stage of designing these protective structures, an important task arises to assess their effectiveness. Estimation of the effectiveness of protective barriers by the method of the physical experiment takes considerable time to set up and conduct an experiment, as well as analyze the results of physical modeling. This method is not always convenient during design work. An alternative method is the method of mathematical modeling. For the designer, it is very important to have mathematical models that make it possible to quickly obtain a predictive result and take into consideration a set of important factors on which the effectiveness of the protective barrier depends. A method has been devised that makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of using protective barriers to reduce the level of air pollution near the highway. It was found that an increase in barrier height by 80 % leads to a 22 % decrease in the concentration of impurities behind the barrier. It was established that applying a barrier with a height of 1.5 m leads to a 26 % decrease in the concentration of impurities in buildings adjacent to the highway. A method has been devised to assess the effectiveness of using absorbent "TX Active" surfaces on the protective barrier located near the highway. This study's result revealed that the application of a barrier with one "TX Active" surface leads to a decrease in the concentration of NO behind the barrier by an average of 43 %. When using a barrier with two "TX Active" surfaces, a decrease in the NO concentration behind the barrier is 85 % on average

scholarly journals Stay at Home! Governance Quality and Effectiveness of Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Salvatore Ercolano
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn order to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the first wave of the pandemic numerous countries decided to adopt lockdown policies. It had been a considerable time since such measures were last introduced, and the first time that they were implemented on such a global scale in a contemporary, information intensive society. The effectiveness of such measures may depend on how citizens perceive the capacity of government to set up and implement sound policies. Indeed, lockdown and confinement policies in general are binding measures that people are not used to, and which raise serious concerns among the population. For this reason governance quality could affect the perception of the benefits related to the government’s choice to impose lockdown, making citizens more inclined to accept it and restrict their movements. In the present paper we empirically investigate the relation between the efficacy of lockdown and governance quality (measured through World Governance Indicators). Our results suggest that countries with higher levels of government effectiveness, rule of law and regulatory quality reach better results in adopting lockdown measures.

scholarly journals Considerations on Armenian Political Elites, Diasporas and Armenian Economy in 1991-2019 Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersan Bocutoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The West ◽  
Mental Transformation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Set Up

After the liberation of Dağlık Karabağ and close vicinity from the long-standing Armenian occupation by Azerbaijan in 2020, different scenarios concerning the future of Armenia and South Caucasus have come to fore. Therefore, there should be a realistic evaluation of status quo of Armenian political elites, diasporas and Armenian economy relations before taking into account of the scenarios. It is not difficult to estimate that since the realization of optimistic scenarios need a mental transformation of Armenian political elites and diasporas that takes considerable time, they are not likely to happen let alone in the short run but even in the medium run. The aim of this paper is to investigate the status quo of Armenian political elites, diasporas, and Armenian economy relations during 1991-2019 period so as to be able to set up a scientific base on which the evaluation of scenarios concerning the future of Armenia and South Caucasus is placed. The method adopted in the paper is a descriptive one and data are collected via internet. Paper suggests that the divergence of Armenian political elites and diasporas on fundamental issues such as Armenia-diaspora relations, Armenia-Russia relations, Armenia-the West Relations and Armenia-Turkey-Azerbaijan relations blackens not only the future of Armenia but also the future of South Caucasus.

X-Ray Energy Analysis of Particulate Matter on Filter Paper

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Warren G. Wood ◽  
James M. Mathiesen ◽  
John S. Mgebroff
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Filter Type ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe rapid, quantitative and qualitative analysis of particulates on air filter samples is becoming increasingly important as more air pollution sampling stations are set up throughout the countiy. Although atomic absorption provides a sensitive technique for the analysis of many elements, the disadvantages of complex sample preparation, sample destruction and the necessity to analyze one element at a time make this technique unsuitable for a large volume of samples. X-ray energy spectroscopy when combined with automated sample handling and the latest dedicated data reduction systems provides a technique which enables the analyst to process large numbers of samples and obtain precise quantitative and qualitative data rapidly. This paper will describe the preparation and analysis of typical air filter type samples, and the steps taken to identify the elements in the samples and obtain computerized reduction of the data in μg/cm2, ppm or percent.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Game Study of Clean Heating Promotion Mechanisms under the Policy Regulation in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhongfu Tan ◽  
Gejirifu De ◽  
Qingkun Tan ◽  
Lei Pu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Important Solution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies ◽  
Set Up

Recently, various Chinese provinces have greatly reduced their coal consumption due to new environmental protection policies. Because of these policies, the orderly development of the clean energy heating mode has been effectively promoted. As the problem of air pollution in the northern part of China is particularly prominent, adopting clean heating in winter is an important solution to control air pollution for those regions. However, there is a tricky balance to be struck between the government and the heating companies when it comes to using clean heating during winter. Therefore, it is crucial for the government and heating enterprises to research new strategies. Consequently, this paper carries out a comprehensive study on the multiple factors influencing the game relationship between the government and heating enterprises, and tries to set up a more general model for the theoretical analysis of mechanisms of clean heating promotion, as well as their numerical simulation. The research results show: (1) The initial possibilities available to government and heating enterprises have a significant impact on the final strategy choice for the heating system; (2) due to advantages such as increases in social benefits, subsidies, fines, and clean heating profits, as well as the lessening of traditional heating costs, and regardless of the decrease in traditional heating profits, it is possible for the government to adopt the promotion strategy; and (3) there are more opportunities for heating companies to pursue in order to implement clean heating strategies. In conclusion, this paper proposes valuable suggestions for the government and heating companies concerning clean heating in China.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCE ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE SOLAR MODULE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
ERKIN IMAMOV ◽  
◽  
RAMIZULLA MUMINOV ◽  
RUSTAM RAKHIMOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Working Efficiency

Technological factors of environmental impact on the protective structures of solar modules are considered. It is shown that the problem of extending the service life of solar converters is successfully solved by improving the technology of their opera-tion - indirect activities. It is shown that after each regular cleaning of the surface of the protective structures of the solar module can almost completely restore the working efficiency of its power output, even at high (up to 35%) level of reduction due to dust on the territory of our country within one to two days. The atmospheric impact on the protective structures of solar modules was calculated. The influence of the partial pressure of air particles and the large difference between night and day temperatures on the degree of dust contamination of the protective coatings of the solar module is analyzed. They are the main natural factors that reduce the output power and efficiency of solar energy to electricity converters. Keywords: dust and air pollution, climate parame

Towards operational monitoring of ship emissions using Long Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
Denis Pöhler ◽  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Folkard Wittrock ◽  
André Seyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ship Emission

<p>In contrast to land-based sources of air pollution, which have been regulated and reduced since several decades, NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships were only recently identified as significant sources of air pollution. As one consequence the sulphur content of ship fuel used within the so-called Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) was recently regulated to a maximum of 0.1% (m/m) (MARPOL Annex VI). Therefore, especially monitoring the emission of sulphur compounds is of particular interest.</p><p>Within a 6-week measurement campaign in July and August of 2016, ship emissions were measured at the river Elbe in Germany, near Hamburg using the Long Path (LP)-DOAS technique. The measurements were carried out within the framework of the project MeSMarT (MEasurements of Shipping emissions in the MARine Troposphere), which investigates the influence of ship emissions on chemical processes in the atmosphere. Currently, monitoring of ship emission plumes is typically achieved by a combination of in situ trace gas monitors and meteorological sensors. In contrast to that the LP-DOAS technique is capable of simultaneously measuring signatures of multiple trace gases along an absorption path across a well-frequented waterway close to the ship exhaust-pipes and thus directly in the emission plume at a time resolution of a few seconds.</p><p>For our study, a LP-DOAS instrument was set up side by side to an in situ MeSMarT measurement station at the river Elbe at Wedel (15 km downriver of Hamburg harbour) where NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emission signatures of a total of 5037 ship passes (of 1044 individual ships) were monitored. While the in situ method detected 16% of the ships, the LP-DOAS was able to assign emission plumes to 41% of all passing ships. With meteorology mainly limiting the in situ detection yield, the major limitation for the LP-DOAS was found to be due to the high traffic density and thus the difficulty to unambiguously assign recorded plumes to particular vessels, rather than to the sensitivity to the emission plume itself.</p><p>Based on the results of this feasibility study, we present a newly designed LP-DOAS system fulfilling the requirements for operational ship emission monitoring (robust mechanical setup, broad-band long-lifetime light source, compact sealed housing, automized alignment and data acquisition). This new system is now operated continuously to measure the ship emissions on the river Elbe.</p>

scholarly journals Vegetation recovery following pollution control at Trail, British Columbia

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. Archibold
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Metal Smelter

Sulphur dioxide emissions from the heavy metal smelter at Trail, British Columbia, reached a peak in the late 1920's. By this date serious destruction of the natural vegetation had occurred. The recommendations of a tribunal set up to investigate the problem of air pollution were implemented in 1941. Hence air qualities suitable for the reestablishment of the vegetation have prevailed for some 30 years. Apart from a decrease in precipitation as one moves south through the study area, environmental conditions appear to be of minor importance in controlling recovery patterns with regrowth being limited principally by a shortage of viable propagules. The degree of destruction of the former vegetation cover is considered to be the major factor underlying the patterns of vegetation recovery. Much of the birch and aspen cover appears to have developed initially from remnant rootstocks, with coniferous regrowth restricted to areas where seed is available from mature trees which survived the fumigations.

Improving Surface Based Clamping Simulations by Measuring the Position of Active Surfaces during the Clamping Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 2312-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welf Guntram Drossel ◽  
Martin Wahl ◽  
Frank Schulz ◽  
Reinhard Mauermann ◽  
Wilhelm Schützle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
The State ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Body Construction ◽  
Clamping Device

The manufacturing process of body parts starts with the step of sheet metal forming. The single parts, produced at the press shop, are put into clamping devices in order to align and to fix them. The fixation takes part before further operations like joining can be carried out. In order to simulate the process chain of add-on body parts realistically, the clamping process (closing the clamping device) has to be taken into account. The stationary surfaces of a clamping device are called passive and the moveable surfaces are called active surfaces. If the clamping process is calculated by means of active surfaces, their positions need to be measured in the state of a closed clamping device. While the passive surfaces of a body construction device can be measured with high reproducibility, the measurement of active surfaces in the state of a closed device is impracticable because of the loss of accessibility. Furthermore, if the parts to be clamped or the position of the clamping device differ from their designed position, the assembly works like a flat spring against the clamping device force in all spatial directions. The active surface does not reach the position which was measured before. In order to take these facts in clamping simulations into account, the end position of the active surfaces should be known. A clamping device concept on the basis of a measuring probe for optical measurement systems was developed. It is possible to determine the position of active surfaces with high reproducibility while the parts are clamped. It can be shown, that the presented clamping device concept contributes to significantly better results of clamping simulations. Thus a better starting basis for further simulations along the process chain is offered.

Active Surfaces: Cavitation Engineered 3D Sponge Networks and Their Application in Active Surface Construction (Adv. Mater. 7/2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-984
Author(s):  
Julia Gensel ◽  
Tina Borke ◽  
Nicolas Pazos Pérez ◽  
Andreas Fery ◽  
Daria V. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Surface Construction

scholarly journals The characteristics of the air pollution of a transition economy city: The example of Belgrade

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zujic ◽  
Bojan Radak ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

The results of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) levels in the Belgrade metropolitan area, the only pollutants measured at almost all 20 monitoring stations set up in the area, were critically analyzed, the most reliable ones select and the pollution characteristics were defined in these terms. Belgrade was found to have pollution typical for a city in economical transition - still high SO2 and BS levels, with seasonal variation, while moderate NO2 levels. This is discussed in terms of sources, as well as spatial and temporal distribution. .

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