scholarly journals Management of gestational diabetes in women with a concurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, experience of a single center in Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Ambrosi ◽  
Gabriele Rossi ◽  
Chiara Maria Soldavini ◽  
Valeria Maggi ◽  
Giulia Emily Cetera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Single Center

The Association between Maternal/Fetal Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene Polymorphism rs1801278 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lingling Wu ◽  
Changping Fang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yanchou Ye ◽  
Haiyan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a crucial factor in the insulin signaling pathway. IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 in mothers has been reported to be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, it is not clear whether IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 in fetuses is associated with their mothers’ GDM morbidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between maternal, fetal, or maternal/fetal <i>IRS1</i> gene polymorphism rs1801278 and GDM risk. <b><i>Design:</i></b> The study was a single-center, prospective cohort study. In total, 213 pairs of GDM mothers/fetuses and 191 pairs of control mothers/fetuses were included in this study. They were recruited after they underwent oral glucose tolerance test during 24–28 weeks of gestation and followed up until delivery. All participants received the conventional interventions (diet and exercise), and no special therapy except routine treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 213 pairs of GDM mothers/fetuses and 191 pairs of normal blood glucose pregnant mothers/fetuses were ge­notyped using PCR and DNA sequencing from January 2015 to September 2016. Maternal/fetal <i>IRS1</i> gene polymorphism rs1801278 was analyzed and compared between 2 groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no significant differences in the frequency of individual mothers’ or fetuses’ <i>IRS1</i> rs1801278 polymorphisms between 2 groups; if both the mothers and fetuses carried A allele, significantly lower GDM morbidity was observed in the mothers. <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> The sample size was relatively small as a single-center study. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study suggested that maternal/fetal rs1801278 polymorphism of <i>IRS1</i> is a modulating factor in GDM; both mothers/fetuses carrying the A allele of rs1801278 may protect the mothers against the development of GDM.

scholarly journals Otolaryngology activity in two hospitals in northern and central Italy differently affected by COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042199848
Author(s):  
Antonio Minni ◽  
Francesco Pilolli ◽  
Massimo Ralli ◽  
Niccolò Mevio ◽  
Luca Roncoroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Italian Regions

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had a significant impact on the Italian healthcare system, although geographical differences were present; regions in northern Italy have been the most severely affected while regions in the south of the country were relatively spared. Otolaryngologists were actively involved in the management of the pandemic. In this work, we analyzed and compared the otolaryngology surgical activity performed during the pandemic in two large public hospitals located in different Italian regions. In northern Italy, otolaryngologists were mainly involved in performing surgical tracheotomies in COVID-19 positive patients and contributed to the management of these patients in intensive care units. In central Italy, where the burden of the infection was significantly lower, otolaryngologists focused on diagnosis and treatment of emergency and oncology patients. This analysis confirms the important role of the otolaryngology specialists during the pandemic, but also highlights specific differences between two large hospitals in different Italian regions.

scholarly journals The first two months of COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Single-center experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurica Arapović ◽  
Siniša Skočibušić
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Single Centre Experience ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The University

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still progressing and has been recorded in more than 210 countries and territories worldwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first cases of COVID-19 were detected on 5th of March 2020 in the entity of Republic of Srpska and 9th of March 2020 in the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up until the 16th of May 2020, more than 2,200 COVID-19 cases were recorded in both entities, with a mortality rate of 5.8% (131 out of 2231 cases). The aim of this ongoing study is to present the current epidemiological and sociodemographic parameters of 380 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (UCH Mostar) during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 380 patients, 60 (15.8%) of them required hospitalization. The mortality rate was 5% (19/380). The highest mortality rate of 15.2% (12/79) was recorded in the patients age ≥65 years. In addition to this single-centre experience of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the epidemiological measures imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with emphasis on the restrictive ones. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on Covid-19 pandemic transmission in Lombardy region, Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lolli ◽  
Ying-Chieh Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Gemine Vivone
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lombardy Region

Abstract Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the Covid-19 transmission in Lombardy (Northern Italy), the region epicenter of the virus outbreak. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation. In other words, Covid-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For these reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.

scholarly journals Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciardullo ◽  
Francesca Zerbini ◽  
Silvia Perra ◽  
Emanuele Muraca ◽  
Rosa Cannistraci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-existing diabetes on in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods. This is a single center, retrospective study conducted at Policlinico di Monza hospital, located in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. We reviewed medical records of 373 consecutive adult patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 between February 22 and May 15, 2020. Data were collected on diabetes status, comorbid conditions and laboratory findings. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effect of diabetes on in-hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounding variables.Results. Mean age of the patients was 72 ± 14 years (range 17-98), 244 (65.4%) were male and 69 (18.5%) had diabetes. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (237 [64.8%]), cardiovascular disease (140 [37.7%]) and malignant neoplasms (50 [13.6%]). In-hospital death occurred in 142 (38.0%) patients. In the multivariable model older age (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.07 [1.04-1.10] per year), diabetes (OR 2.2 [1.10-4.73]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 3.30 [1.22-8.90]), higher values of lactic dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusion. In this retrospective single-center study, diabetes was independently associated with a higher in-hospital mortality. More intensive surveillance of patients with this condition is to be warranted.

scholarly journals Early evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Milan, Jan-Feb 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio P. Milani ◽  
Giovanni Casazza ◽  
Antonio Corsello ◽  
Paola Marchisio ◽  
Alessia Rocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Main Hospital ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Background A few studies have suggested that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was present in Northern Italy several weeks before its official detection on February 21, 2020. On the other hand, no clinical data have been provided so far to support such hypothesis. We investigated clinical-epidemiological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adults referring to emergency department (ED) in the main hospital of the center of Milan (Italy) before February 21, 2020. Methods A retrospective analysis of medical records of ED visits at the Fondazione Ca′ Granda Policlinico, Milan between January 11 and February 15 in 2017, 2018, 2019 and in 2020 was performed. The number of subjects referring with fever, cough or dyspnea was compared between the studied period of 2020 and the previous 3 years, by calculating a standardized referral ratio (SRR, number of observed cases in 2020 divided by the number of expected cases according to 2017–2019) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In the pediatric ED, 7709 (average 2570/year) and 2736 patients were visited during the period 2017–2019 and in the 2020, respectively. Among adults, 13,465 (average 4488/year) and 4787 were visited during the period 2017–2019 and in the 2020, respectively. The SRR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.10–1.23) in children and 1.25 (95% CI 1.16–1.35) in adults. The ratio for the two (children and adults) SRRs was 0.93 (0.84–1.02), suggesting a trend towards a higher frequency in adults compared to children. Conclusions This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 might have spread in Milan before February 21, 2020 with a minor trend among children.

scholarly journals Severity of Illness Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern in Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya R. Edward ◽  
Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo ◽  
Megan E. Reyna ◽  
Lacy M Simons ◽  
Judd F. Hultquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Childrens Hospital

Background: Recent surges in coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is attributed to the emergence of more transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs). However, the relative severity of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in children is unknown. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study was performed at the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, academic free-standing childrens hospital. We included all children 0-18 years-old diagnosed with COVID-19 between October 15th, 2020 and August 31st, 2021 and whose SARS-CoV-2 isolate was sequenced using the Illumina platform. For each patient sample, we identified the SARS-CoV-2 lineage, which was assigned to one of the following groups: Non-VOC, alpha VOC, beta VOC, gamma VOC, or delta VOC. We measured frequency of 5 markers of COVID-19 severity: hospitalization; COVID-19 pharmacologic treatment; respiratory support; intensive care unit admission; and severe disease as classified by the COVID-19 World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Progression Scale (severe disease; score of 6 or higher). A series of logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds of each severity marker with each VOC (in comparison to non-VOCs), adjusting for COVID-19 community incidence and demographic and clinical co-variates. Results: During the study period, 2,025 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 1,422 (70.2%) had sufficient viral load to permit sequencing. Among the 499 (35.1%) patients whose isolate was sequenced, median (inter-quartile range) age was 7 (1,12) years; 256 (51.3%) isolates were a VOC: 96 (37.5%) alpha, 38 (14.8%) gamma, and 119 (46.5%) delta. After adjusting for age, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, high-risk medical conditions, and COVID-19 community incidence, neither alpha nor delta was associated with severe COVID-19. Gamma was independently associated with hospitalization (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.6-21.5, p=0.007), respiratory support (OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.5-56.3, p=0.02), and severe disease as classified by the WHO Clinical Progression Scale (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.0-78.1, p=0.05). Conclusions: Compared to non-VOC COVID-19 infections, the gamma VOC, but not the alpha or delta VOCs, was associated with increased severity. These data suggest that recent increased in pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations are related to increased delta COVID-19 incidence rather than increased delta virulence in children.

scholarly journals Afebrile Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection have a Longer Viral Positivity Duration: A Retrospective Analysis of 125 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ding ◽  
Rugang Zhao ◽  
Wen Xie ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Ligai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background: A pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is on-going. Clinical characters of afebrile cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood and informations are limited on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity.Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of 125 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 26 to March 15, 2020. Differences were compared among patients with/without fever. Risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity were evaluated.Results: A total of 125 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 test were enrolled, including 38 afebrile patients and 87 febrile patients. On admission, a total of 35 (28%) patients had leukopenia, 41 (32.8%) had lymphopenia and 6 (4.8%) had thrombocytopenia. 73 patients (58.4%) had a loss of T lymphocytes and 96 patients (76.8%) had decreased CD4+T lymphocytes. Compared with febrile cases, afebrile patients had a significantly higher white blood cell count (P = 0.001), total lymphocytes (P < 0.001), platelet count (P < 0.001), T lymphocytes (P = 0.013) and CD8+ T lymphocytes (P = 0.002). The median SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity duration of these 125 patients was 14 days (IQR, 10-30 days) and for febrile and afebrile group were 12 days (IQR, 9-23 days) and 23 days (IQR, 11-30 days) respectively. Multivariate Cox regression results showed that the fever [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.497, P = 0.006], young age (HR = 0.965, P = 0.018), and higher count of platelet (HR = 4.555, P = 0.034) were the predominant risk factor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity duration.Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 virial positivity duration of the afebrile group was significantly longer than that in the febrile group. Fever, young age and a higher count of platelet were the independent protective factors for a shorter SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity duration.

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