scholarly journals Application of the danish pesticide load indicator to uk arable agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lewis ◽  
James Rainford ◽  
John Tzilivakis ◽  
David Garthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Load

Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Christopher R. Mudge ◽  
Kurt D. Getsinger
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Giant Salvinia ◽  
Carrier Volume

Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6 to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention was most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33, 46, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1870 L ha−1), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field conditions.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST THE SPARE PARTS OF THE LEAVES OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Mariya Gvozdeva ◽  
Galina Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Pesticide Load

The biologization of plant growing in modern conditions is becoming an urgent trend in agriculture, which helps to reduce the pesticide load. An important aspect of the transition to organic farming is the use of fungicides based on living microorganisms and their metabolic products to curb the development of diseases. Studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of modern biofungicides against leaf septoria (Septoria tritici) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of winter wheat - Vitaplan, SP, Gamair, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh, Rizoplan, Zh, Trichocin, SP, Fitosporin -M, SP. Fungicide Amistar Extra, SK was used as a chemical standard. The work was carried out in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2019–2020 on the variety Grom, susceptible to leaf spots. The meteorological conditions of the first year of research were favorable for the development of pathogens of leaf spots. In the second year, conditions were extreme, both for the growth of wheat plants and for the development of phytopathogens. For two years of research, the most effective biofungicides against leaf septoria were Fitosporin-M, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, Zh and Vitaplan, SP, the biological effectiveness was 50.0%, 50.0% and 47.1%, respectively; against yellow spot - Vitaplan, SP and Trichocin, SP, biological efficiency was 48.4% and 45.9%. The use of biological fungicides made it possible to save from 2.5% (Gamair, SP) to 12.6% (Trichocin, SP) of the winter wheat grain yield in comparison with the control (without treatment). The high economic efficiency of the use of biofungicides was established, the maximum net profit was noted in the variant treated with Fitosporin - M, SP (9540 rubles / ha)

scholarly journals An eco-friendly way to protect wheat seeds from phytopathogens

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kekalo
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Protecting wheat seed from phytopathogens is a popular topic for plant breeders. The objects requiring close attention and control on wheat are smut infections, pathogens of root rot. And if the pathogens of smut we have learned to fight quite effectively with, then microorganisms that infect underground parts of plants are controlled with less success and many questions in the system of protection against them remain controversial. The issue of reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses, starting with the protection of seeds, also remains relevant. The article presents the results of field trials of means of protecting spring wheat seeds from root rot in 2019–2020, carried out within the framework of the state assignment at the Kurgan SRIA — branch of FSBSI UrFASRC, according to generally accepted methods. The aim of the research was to assess the biological, economic efficiency of the combined use of a chemical seed dressing agent and a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis in protecting wheat from soil-seed infections, to determine the competitiveness of an ecologized method of protecting seeds (reduced consumption rate of a chemical seed dressing agent in combination with biological fungicide). The obtained research results indicate that with a high level of damage to wheat by root rot (Fusarium, B. sorokiniana), the use of seed treatment with the studied preparations ensured the preservation of 10–12% of the yield, more efficiency was noted in the variants with the Oplot 0.5 l/t and the Oplot 0.3 l/t + Nodix Premium 0.3 l/t . The technical effectiveness of fungicides against wheat root rot ranged 44% for Nodix Premium to 85–86% for chemical protection and mixed use. An environmentally friendly method of protecting wheat seeds, which consists in using a 40% lower rate of a chemical dressing agent with a biopesticide, turned out to be competitive.

Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions for the Separation of p,p´-DDE from Aroclor 1254 on Silica, Using Azulene as Indicator

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-964
Author(s):  
Donald A Griffin ◽  
Anna B Marin ◽  
Max L Deinzer
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Activated Silica Gel ◽  
Visual Marker

Abstract Aroclor 1254 is separated from p,p´-DDE on a fully activated silica gel column with the aid of azulene as a visual marker. The azulene is useful in determining the best cutpoint for separating these compounds and has been valuable in characterizing the effects of several parameters of the separation system, such as the aromatic content of the eluting solvent, adsorbent activity, and lipid and pesticide load capacity. Several brands of silica are compared for their ability to separate these compounds.

scholarly journals Bioactivity Study of the C60-L-Threonine Derivative for Potential Application in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayane G. Panova ◽  
Evgeny B. Serebryakov ◽  
Konstantin N. Semenov ◽  
Nikolay A. Charykov ◽  
Olga S. Shemchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Pesticide Load

The present paper reports data on the biological activity of nanocompositions based on a C60-L-threonine (C60-Thr) derivative. These nanocompositions promote the nonspecific resistance of plants to the action of stress factors (ultraviolet radiation, pesticides, and phytopathogens). Additionally, we determined the perspectives of the C60-Thr adduct application in the cultivation of plants due to the decrease of the pesticide load on the environment. The biological study of C60-Thr revealed the plant growth-stimulating ability due to its influence on the photosynthetic apparatus activity and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals IRRIGATION - THE BASIS FOR INCREASING THE STABILITY OF ENTOMOCENOSES IN ARID CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Виктор Мелихов ◽  
Viktor Melihov ◽  
Евгений Комаров ◽  
Evgeniy Komarov ◽  
Ольга Комарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents materials of perennial (1988–2017) studies on solving problems of stabilizing the phytosanitary situation in irrigated agrocenoses. The paper presents the results of studying the species abundance and insects, the patterns of their change under the influence of irrigation in the Lower Volga region. The effect of irrigation on the change in environmental conditions by the parameters of productivity of agrobiocenoses and microclimate is shown. The difference in air temperature in irrigated by sprinkling and non-irrigated agrocenoses immediately after watering reaches 7-8° C. In general, during the growing season, the average daily air temperatures in the irrigated agrocenosis were 2-4° C lower, compared to the non-irrigated. More mesophytic microclimatic conditions, which are formed under the influence of irrigation, are the leading factor determining the increase in the biodiversity of the entomocomplexes of irrigated agrocenoses due to an increase in species abundance and the number of mesophilic and hygrophilic insects. An increase in species diversity and abundance of meso-and hygrophilic in irrigated agricultural landscapes due to the emergence of new micro-sites (canals, spillways, storage ponds, etc.) is also shown. The formation of irrigated conditions in poly-dominant entomological communities, which increase the balance of the agroecosystem, including by optimizing its trophic structure. The changing ecological situation in irrigated agricultural landscapes determines the cultivation of plants with optimized physiological indicators, and the biological characteristics of the development of harmful and beneficial insects change under irrigation conditions. All this directly affects the relationship between phytophages and plants, as well as their survival, fertility, life expectancy of individual phases and other biological features of populations. It is noted that on irrigated crops there is a more favorable relationship between entomophages and pests, making it possible to self-regulate the entomofauna due to increased activity of entomophages. This creates a real opportunity to save the crop and reduce the pesticide load by 40-50% on irrigated crops.

scholarly journals Impact of metabolic biopreparations based on soil streptomycetes on productivity of spring wheat

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
L. Biliavska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant ◽  
Active Substances

It has been established the new multifunctional metabolic bioformulations based on a set of biologically active substances from soil sreptomycetes Avercom, with the addition of elicitors of salicylic acid or chitosan, Violar and Phytovit promote the growth of microorganisms of major ecological and functional groups in the root area of spring wheat, and they increase the activity of the enzyme phenylanine- ammonia-lyase (PAL) in plant cells that indicates the induction of plant resistance to pathogens. This reduces the destruction of plants of spring wheat by the root rot and plant-parasitic nematodes. As a consequence of the action of Averсom nova-2, Violar and Phytovit the grain yield increased by 16.9–32.5% relative to control and 10.9–25.7% compared with chemical disinfectant Vitavaks 200 FF. At the same time the quality grain and proficiency were increased. The reduction of pesticide load on agrocenoses, an improvement of the ecological condition and the raise of productivity of agroecosystems can be achieved by using the new multifunctional metabolic bioformulations.

scholarly journals Pesticide load reducing in vineyard protection from powdery mildew

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Natalia Arestova ◽  
Irina Ryabchun
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

The results of studies on the possibility of applying the biological product Bacillus subtilis for the protection of vineyards from powdery mildew are presented. Meteorological conditions in 2016 and 2018 contributed to the epiphytotic prevalence of powdery mildew in the agrocenosis of Rostov region. In 2015, 2017 and 2019 its prevalence was moderate. The use of biological preparation against powdery mildew showed the prospects of its application. With a moderate degree of disease prevalence, the use of a biological preparation instead of chemical fungicides is possible in all phases of a growing season. It inhibits the pathogen’s development, contributes to conservation of plants’ productivity and reducing the pesticide load. In years with epiphytotic prevalence of powdery mildew it is desirable to apply fungicides during pre-veraison, and biopreparation – up to the phase of technical maturity. Such application will contribute to obtaining a quantitative and qualitative yield, and will also reduce the toxicological effect of chemical fungicides used in the first half of a growing season.

scholarly journals Ecologization of cultivar adopted technologies for scab protection and nutrition program of an apple tree in orchard and nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Natalia Kashirskaya ◽  
Anna Kochkina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
High Level

Different apple cultivars require a different approach to plant protection and nutrition according to their genotypic features. Currently, due to the relatively large number of cultivars in orchards and nurseries of horticultural farms, this approach is rarely used. Our work aimed to study the effectiveness of various foliar fertilizers and protection products in tank mixtures for the scab suppression and their impact on productivity according to cv’s genotypic features of ’Lobo’ and ’Zhigulevskoye’. The efficiency of protection and nutrition programs was studied in the nursery and orchard circumstances. According to generally accepted methods, we did our research in 2013-2015 in the experimental orchard and nursery of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre. We determined the biological effectiveness of the plant protection systems used, the development of productivity components (fruitset from free pollination, average fruit weight and yield per tree), the content of primary nutrients in soil, leaves, and fruits. The ecologized system has provided a sufficiently high level of protection, which allows recommending to producers. The introduction of such ecologized protection and nutrition systems that reduce the pesticide load assumes a much higher account of the interaction of apple trees with other plant and animal species and lifeless components of the nursery and orchard ecosystem. The use of an ecologized foliar nutrition system provided a high enough level of plant protection effectiveness, especially when combined with regular soil fertilizer application, and optimizing the mineral composition of leaves and fruits. Biologization of soil nutrition is one of the most critical tasks for preserving soil fertility in intensive horticulture. The soil application of bacterial fertilizers stimulated a significant increase in the average annual growth rate and stem diameters of young apple trees in the nursery and yield in the orchard. However, the highest results were obtained when applying bacteria cultures and artificial fertilizers at a reduced application rate.

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