Ecologization of cultivar adopted technologies for scab protection and nutrition program of an apple tree in orchard and nursery

Different apple cultivars require a different approach to plant protection and nutrition according to their genotypic features. Currently, due to the relatively large number of cultivars in orchards and nurseries of horticultural farms, this approach is rarely used. Our work aimed to study the effectiveness of various foliar fertilizers and protection products in tank mixtures for the scab suppression and their impact on productivity according to cv’s genotypic features of ’Lobo’ and ’Zhigulevskoye’. The efficiency of protection and nutrition programs was studied in the nursery and orchard circumstances. According to generally accepted methods, we did our research in 2013-2015 in the experimental orchard and nursery of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre. We determined the biological effectiveness of the plant protection systems used, the development of productivity components (fruitset from free pollination, average fruit weight and yield per tree), the content of primary nutrients in soil, leaves, and fruits. The ecologized system has provided a sufficiently high level of protection, which allows recommending to producers. The introduction of such ecologized protection and nutrition systems that reduce the pesticide load assumes a much higher account of the interaction of apple trees with other plant and animal species and lifeless components of the nursery and orchard ecosystem. The use of an ecologized foliar nutrition system provided a high enough level of plant protection effectiveness, especially when combined with regular soil fertilizer application, and optimizing the mineral composition of leaves and fruits. Biologization of soil nutrition is one of the most critical tasks for preserving soil fertility in intensive horticulture. The soil application of bacterial fertilizers stimulated a significant increase in the average annual growth rate and stem diameters of young apple trees in the nursery and yield in the orchard. However, the highest results were obtained when applying bacteria cultures and artificial fertilizers at a reduced application rate.

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Elaboration of an ecologized scab protection system and a biologized apple plant nutritional program

Horticulture and viticulture ◽

10.31676/0235-2591-2020-4-42-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

A. I. Kuzin ◽

N. Ya. Kashirskaya ◽

A. M. Kochkina

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Protection System ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Soil Nutrition ◽

Pesticide Pollution ◽

Protection Systems

Our work aimed to study the effectiveness of the combined use of various foliar fertilizers and protection products in tank mixtures for the scab suppression and their impact on productivity. The studies were carried out under the conditions of experimental plantations of the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center according to generally accepted methods. We determined the biological effectiveness of the plant protection systems used, the formation of productivity components (fruit set, average fruit weight and yield per tree), the content of the main nutrients in the soil, leaves, and fruits. The application of a conventional plant protection system has contributed to better protection of apple trees from scab. The ecologized system has also provided a sufficiently high level of protection, which allows recommending it to producers. The introduction of ecologized protection systems that reduce the pesticide pollution of the environment requires various support measures for producers. The use of an ecologized system of foliar nutrition provided an increase in plant protection effectiveness, especially when combined with regular soil fertilizer application, as well as in optimizing the mineral composition of fruits. Biologization of soil nutrition is one of the most critical tasks for preserving soil fertility in intensive horticulture. The soil application of bacterial fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The highest results were obtained when applying biological fertilizers together with reduced rates of mineral fertilizers.

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Excessive Application of Fertilizer, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution, and Farmers’ Policy Choice

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11041165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haixia Wu ◽

Yan Ge

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Point Source Pollution ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Non Point Source Pollution

This paper takes 516 households who planted wheat in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province in 2018, as samples to construct three policy environments: Technological guidance for planting, subsidies for organic fertilizer application, and agricultural tailwater discharge standards. The experimental choice method was used to empirically analyze policy preferences during the process of fertilizer reduction. The results indicate that households show different preferences for the three policy settings: The fertilizer application rate is reduced by 6.98% if providing full technological guidance for farmers throughout the wheat planting process and is reduced by 5.18% under the background of providing appropriate organic fertilizer subsidies. The agricultural tailwater discharge standards have the least impact on the reducing level of chemical fertilizer application, with decreasing amounts of only 1.85% and 0.77% under the second-level and the first-level agricultural tailwater discharge standards, respectively. These results indicate that households in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, demonstrate a low willingness to accept the agricultural tailwater discharge standards in order to cut down on the amount of chemical fertilizer application and the agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, compared with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1% of fertilizer usage nationwide according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, given the current planting environment and policies design, providing comprehensive technological guidance as well as price subsidies for the organic fertilizer can significantly and robustly reduce the excessive application of fertilizer in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, under the best scenario, thereby further alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution.

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Adoption Gap Analysis in Tomato Cultivation in Banda District of Bundelkhand (U.P.)

10.48165/ijee.2021.57427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

B. K. Gupta ◽

S. V. Dwivedi ◽

B. P. Mishra ◽

Dheeraj Mishra ◽

Pankaj K. Ojha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Technological Gap ◽

Block Based ◽

High Level

Bundelkhand area of Uttar Pradesh is comprised of seven districts viz., Chitrakoot, Banda, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jalaun, Jhansi and Lalitpur. The present study was conducted in Banda district of Uttar Pradesh where the vegetable crops are grown by farmers in large areas. Among the eight blocks of Banda, two blocks namely Badokhar Khurd and Mahua were purposively selected. Eight vegetable growing villages (4 from Badokhar Khurd and 4 from Mahua block) based on production potential of the tomato were drawn up and from each village 18 vegetable growers (six from each category) having minimum 3 years of experience in commercial tomato cultivation were selected randomly with sample size is 144. It is revealed that technological gap in marginal farmers category was observed in the nursery raising and seed-treatment (74.80%) followed by plant protection measures (67.83%) and fertilizer application (67.00%). In small farmers category Identification of insect and pest (77.16%) followed by fertilizer application (74.50%) and plant protection measures (67.33%) were major whereas for medium category the technological gap was observed in nursery raising and seed-treatment (69.30%) followed by plant protection measures (67.58%) and fertilizer application (66.17%). The technological gap level in all categories of farmers revealed that the medium level of technological gap was observed in majority of tomato growers (44.45%) followed by high level of technological gap (38.20%) and low level of technological gap (17.36%).

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Plant Protection And Foliar Fertilizing Technology Of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh)

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f8843.088619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 3613-3620 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Protection System ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

Foliar Fertilizer ◽

Seaweed Extracts ◽

Central Russia ◽

Fertilizer System ◽

Plant Protection System

The systematic use of foliar fertilizers during growing season is a relatively new agronomic practice in Central Russia and it is still not widely used in horticultural enterprises of the region. One of the main reasons for this is the relatively high cost of this method. Producers prefer soil fertilization which adversely affect the environment. A significant reduction in cost of foliar fertilizing could be obtained by combining foliar nutrition with plant protection. The number of plant protection treatments, as well as toxicity of some products, is increasing annually. The use of fertilizers and plant protection products negatively affect the environment. It is very important to find ways of decreasing this load on surroundings. Currently, many different biological preparations for plant protection exist which are suggested to replace chemicals. The problem is in their relative low effectiveness compared to traditional plant protection products. The authors have studied the most popular plant protection products (in a traditional protection system) and application of foliar fertilizers (in a mineral foliar fertilizer system) in comparison with ecologized plant protection system (based on bacterial and low-toxic preparations) in tank mixtures with seaweed extracts-based foliar fertilizers. The authors have considered yield, scab development, content of calcium in leaves and fruits as the main criteria of this study. The research was carried out in the irrigated orchard (1,480 trees/ha), planted in leached meadow-chernozem soil. The investigation was carried out in 2013-2015. The results of traditional plant protection system in tank mixtures with mineral foliar fertilizer application, as well as ecologized products with seaweed extracts-based preparations, have been compared. Traditional plant protection system in combination with mineral foliar fertilizers have ensured a higher content of calcium in leaves and fruits, less damage from scab and higher yields. We can consider two ways of replacing traditional plant protection and fertilizing approach: the development of new highly efficient ecologized products or increased financial support.

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Influence of plant immunity inducers on the degree of apple scab development when applied in plant protection systems in the zone of humid subtropics of Abkhazia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202100027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 00027

Author(s):

Georgiy Pantiya ◽

Yelena Mikhailova

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Pesticide Load ◽

Cultivar Specificity ◽

Research Period

One of the ways to reduce pesticide load and prevent emergence of pathogen resistance can be the use of plant immunity inducers in plant protection systems. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate an efficiency of natural plant immunity inducers Albit® (poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid), Immunocytophite® (arachidonic acid ethyl ether) and Ecogel® (chitosan lactate) in apple scab protection systems in Abkhazia. The maximum resistance of apple trees to this phytopathogen was recorded in the experimental variants with Albit® and Ecogel® application in half dosages of fungicides and in the variant of production processing (biological efficiency reached 79.4 %). Plant immunity inducers used on apple trees showed cultivar-specificity. For the four-year research period, the greatest efficiency of immunity inducers was achieved on the susceptible cultivar Idared in the second year of the experiment, while on the relatively scab-resistant cultivar Golden Rangers – it was achieved only in the third year. The greatest stability in the efficiency for a four-year period was observed for the tank mix Albit with half dosages of fungicides. Immunocytophyte® was characterized by lower inducing activity, which is associated with its activation of the jasmonate pathway for the formation of non-specific induced immunity.

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Evaluation of the Regional-Scale Optimal K Rate Based on Sustainable Apple Yield and High-Efficiency K Use in Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay of China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1368

Author(s):

Wenzheng Tang ◽

Wene Wang ◽

Dianyu Chen ◽

Ningbo Cui ◽

Haosheng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Loess Plateau ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

Bohai Bay ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Application Rates ◽

Relationship Model

In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.

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Novel Route Planning Method to Improve the Operational Efficiency of Capacitated Operations. Case: Application of Organic Fertilizer

AgriEngineering ◽

10.3390/agriengineering3030031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 458-477

Author(s):

Mahdi Vahdanjoo ◽

Claus G. Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Route Planning ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Operational Efficiency ◽

Application Rate ◽

Simultaneous Optimization ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Application Process ◽

Optimal Sequence ◽

Proposed Model

A field area coverage-planning algorithm has been developed for the optimization and simulation of capacitated field operations such as the organic fertilizer application process. The proposed model provides an optimal coverage plan, which includes the optimal sequence of the visited tracks with a designated application rate. The objective of this paper is to present a novel approach for route planning involving two simultaneous optimization criteria, non-working distance minimization and the optimization of application rates, for the capacitated field operations such as organic fertilizer application to improve the overall operational efficiency. The study and the developed algorithm have shown that it is possible to generate the optimized coverage plan based on the required defined capacity of the distributer. In this case, the capacity of the distributer is not considered a limiting factor for the farmers. To validate this new method, a shallow injection application process was considered, and the results of applying the optimization algorithm were compared with the conventional methods. The results show that the proposed method increase operational efficiency by 19.7%. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed model in robotic application were demonstrated by way of two defined scenarios.

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Nitrogen Leaching and Nitrogen Balance under Differing Nitrogen Fertilization for Sugarcane Cultivation on a Subtropical Island

Water ◽

10.3390/w13050740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 740

Author(s):

Ken Okamoto ◽

Shinkichi Goto ◽

Toshihiko Anzai ◽

Shotaro Ando

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Leaching ◽

N Recovery ◽

N Application ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Sugarcane Yield ◽

Cropping Seasons

Fertilizer application during sugarcane cultivation is a main source of nitrogen (N) loads to groundwater on small islands in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing the N fertilizer application rate on sugarcane yield, N leaching, and N balance. We conducted a sugarcane cultivation experiment with drainage lysimeters and different N application rates in three cropping seasons (three years). N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons. The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1). N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1). Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers. The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1). However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons. Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1. These results suggest that halving the amount of N used in the first application can improve N fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N loss to groundwater.

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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Major Quince Cultivars from Turkey

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44110228 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hasan PINAR ◽

Suat KAYMAK ◽

Serif OZONGUN ◽

Aydın UZUN ◽

Mustafa UNLU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Similarity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Asia Minor ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Cydonia Oblonga ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Rosaceae Family ◽

High Level ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) belongs to the Rosaceae family is native to south-eastern Europa and Asia Minor. It is generally used for table consumption and processed into jam, jelly and marmalade. It is also used as dwarfing rootstock for pear cultivars. In the present study, fruit characteristics and genetic diversity of 17 quince cultivars from Turkey were investigated. For fruit characteristics, 'Bardacik' had the highest fruit weight. The highest SSC/Acidity ratio were obtained from 'Osmancik'. There was high level of variation in fruit characteristics among cultivars. In molecular analysis, totally 133 bands were obtained from 23 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations and 67 of them were polymorphic. Genetic similarity of 17 cultivars was between 0.78 and 1.00. Two cultivars ('Sekergevrek' and '32S04') were found to be more distinct from the other cultivars genetically. This study showed that there was low level of genetic variation most of quince cultivars grown in Turkey. SRAP markers firstly used in quince with this study indicating that it can be used for characterization and diversity analysis of quince.

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The Effect of Guano Walet Fertilizer and Ratu Biogen Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopercicum esculentum Mill.) Monza Variety

AGRIFOR ◽

10.31293/af.v17i2.3611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Dian Kristina ◽

Abdul Rahmi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Foliar Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Village

This experiment aims to: (1) to study of the effect of guano walet fertilizer and Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizeras well as their interaction on the growth and yield of tomato plants; and (2) to find proper dosage of guano walet fertilizer and proper concentration of Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer for better growth and yield of tomato plants.The research carried out from May 2014 to July 2014, in the Village Melak Ulu RT.20 Subdistrict Melak, West Kutai. It applied Completely Randomized Design with factorial experiment 4 x 4 and five replications. The first factor is the dosage of the guano walet fertilizer (G) consists of 4 levels, namely: no fertilizer application guano walet (g0), 10 Mg ha ̵ ¹, or 100 g of polybag ̵ ¹ (g1), 15 Mg ha ̵ ¹ or 150 g polibag ̵ ¹ (g2), 20 Mg ha ̵ ¹ or 200 g polybag ̵ ¹ (g3). The second factor is the concentration of Ratu Biogen (B) consists of 4 levels: without POC Ratu Biogen (b0), 1 ml 1 ̵ ¹ water (b1), 2 ml 1 ̵ ¹ water (b2), 3 ml 1 ̵ ¹ water (b3).Result of the research revealed that : (1) application of guano walet fertilizer affect very significantly on plant height at 14, 28, 42 days after planting, the number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant, but the effect is not significant on the days of plant flowered and days of plant harvest. The best production is attained by the 200 g polybag-1 fertilizer guano walet (g3), namely 282,50 plant-1, In reverse, the least production is attained by without fertilizer guano walet (g0), namely 227,25 g plant ̵ ¹; (2) application of Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer after significantly to very significantly on the plant height at 14 days after planting and the number of fruits per plant, but the effect is no significant on the plant height at 28 and 42 days after planting, days of plant flowered, days of plant harvest, and weight of fruit per plant; and (3) interaction between guano walet fertilizer and Ratu Biogen foliar fertilizer no significantly on the plant height at 14, 28, and 42 days after planting, days of plant flowered, days of plant harvest, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant.

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