Histologic maturation of cerebral neuroblastoma following conventional chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bidgoli ◽  
Roger E. McLendon ◽  
J. Martin Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Cerebral Neuroblastoma

Nano Technological Approach for Anti-Tumor Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Champaneria ◽  
Prajesh Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Targeting Delivery ◽  
Tumor Accumulation ◽  
Work Done

Cancer is one of the reason for mortality and its individual and collective impact is substantial. Conventional chemotherapy utilizes drugs that can destroy Tumor cells effectively. But these agents destroy healthy cells along with the tumor cells, leading to many adverse effects which include hypersensitivity reactions, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. To minimize the adverse effects, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) has been developed. Among them, nanoparticles are attractive platforms for it. So this review paper explores the recent work done on targeted delivery, enhancing tumor accumulation and longer blood circulation using more effective biomaterial that will enhance the properties of nanoparticles. Moreover, various target-specific delivery of drugs like antibody-targeted, targeting delivery through angiogenesis, mitochondria, CD44 receptor are also explained.

scholarly journals Bortezomib-based therapy in non-transplant multiple myeloma patients: a retrospective cohort study from the FABIO project

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072199648
Author(s):  
Matteo Franchi ◽  
Claudia Vener ◽  
Donatella Garau ◽  
Ursula Kirchmayer ◽  
Mirko Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
First Line Treatment

Introduction: Randomized clinical trials showed that bortezomib, in addition to conventional chemotherapy, improves survival and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. The aim of this retrospective population-based cohort study is the evaluation of both clinical and economic profile of bortezomib-based versus conventional chemotherapy in daily clinical practice. Methods: Healthcare utilization databases of six Italian regions were used to identify adult patients with non-transplant MM, who started a first-line therapy with bortezomib-based or conventional chemotherapy. Patients were matched by propensity score and were followed from treatment start until death, lost to follow-up or study end-point. Overall survival (OS) and restricted mean survival time (RMST) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Association between first-line treatment and risk of death was estimated by a conditional Cox proportional regression model. Average mean cumulative costs were estimated and compared between groups. Results: In the period 2010–2016, 3509 non-transplant MM patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 1157 treated with bortezomib-based therapy were matched to 1826 treated with conventional chemotherapy. Median OS and RMST were 33.9 and 27.9 months, and 42.9 and 38.4 months, respectively, in the two treatment arms. Overall, these values corresponded to a HR of death of 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.89) over a time horizon of 84 months. Average cumulative cost were 83,839 € and 54,499 €, respectively, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 54,333 € per year of life gained, a cost coherent with the willingness-to-pay thresholds frequently adopted from Western countries. Conclusions: These data suggested that, in a large cohort of non-transplant MM patients treated outside the experimental setting, first-line treatment with bortezomib-based therapy was associated with a favourable effectiveness and cost-effectiveness profile.

scholarly journals The Outcome of Chemotherapy for Metastatic Extramammary Paget’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Hiroki Hashimoto ◽  
Yumiko Kaku-Ito ◽  
Masutaka Furue ◽  
Takamichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Extramammary Paget’S Disease ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Extramammary Paget's Disease

The efficacy and survival impact of conventional chemotherapies for metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the long-term outcome of chemotherapy for this indication. We conducted a retrospective review of 21 patients with distant metastatic EMPD (14 patients treated with chemotherapy and 7 patients treated without chemotherapy). The response rate of chemotherapy and patient survival were statistically analyzed. Among the 14 patients treated with chemotherapy, 12, 1, and 1 patient received docetaxel, paclitaxel, and low-dose 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin, respectively, as the first-line treatment. The response rate was 50.0% (7/14), and the disease control rate was 64.3% (9/14). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 16.8 and 27.9 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that chemotherapy was a significant factor for prolonged PFS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.22, p = 0.038) but not for OS (HR = 1.71, p = 0.54). Ten patients (71.4%) had severe (grade 3 or 4) hematological adverse events. Although conventional chemotherapy improved PFS, we failed to show a significantly improved OS. Considering the frequent adverse events of conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy may become a mainstay for the treatment of metastatic EMPD.

scholarly journals Conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-haematological malignancy disrupts the intestinal microbiome

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lito E. Papanicolas ◽  
Sarah K. Sims ◽  
Steven L. Taylor ◽  
Sophie J. Miller ◽  
Christos S. Karapetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Samples

Abstract Background The gut microbiota influences many aspects of host physiology, including immune regulation, and is predictive of outcomes in cancer patients. However, whether conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy affects the gut microbiota in humans with non-haematological malignancy, independent of antibiotic exposure, is unknown. Methods Faecal samples from 19 participants with non-haematological malignancy, who were receiving conventional chemotherapy regimens but not antibiotics, were examined prior to chemotherapy, 7–12 days after chemotherapy, and at the end of the first cycle of treatment. Gut microbiota diversity and composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Compared to pre-chemotherapy samples, samples collected 7–12 days following chemotherapy exhibited increased richness (mean 120 observed species ± SD 38 vs 134 ± 40; p = 0.007) and diversity (Shannon diversity: mean 6.4 ± 0.43 vs 6.6 ± 0.41; p = 0.02). Composition was significantly altered, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes (pre-chemotherapy median relative abundance [IQR] 0.78 [0.11] vs 0.75 [0.11]; p = 0.003), and an increase in the relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroidetes: median [IQR] 0.16 [0.13] vs 0.21 [0.13]; p = 0.01 and Proteobacteria: 0.015 [0.018] vs 0.03 [0.03]; p = 0.02). Differences in microbiota characteristics from baseline were no longer significant at the end of the chemotherapy cycle. Conclusions Conventional chemotherapy results in significant changes in gut microbiota characteristics during the period of predicted myelosuppression post-chemotherapy. Further study is indicated to link microbiome changes during chemotherapy to clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Tumor derived UBR5 promotes ovarian cancer growth and metastasis through inducing immunosuppressive macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Song ◽  
Oladapo O. Yeku ◽  
Sarwish Rafiq ◽  
Terence Purdon ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophage ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment

AbstractImmunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and ascites-derived spheroids in ovarian cancer (OC) facilitate tumor growth and progression, and also pose major obstacles for cancer therapy. The molecular pathways involved in the OC-TME interactions, how the crosstalk impinges on OC aggression and chemoresistance are not well-characterized. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-derived UBR5, an E3 ligase overexpressed in human OC associated with poor prognosis, is essential for OC progression principally by promoting tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and activation via key chemokines and cytokines. UBR5 is also required to sustain cell-intrinsic β-catenin-mediated signaling to promote cellular adhesion/colonization and organoid formation by controlling the p53 protein level. OC-specific targeting of UBR5 strongly augments the survival benefit of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapies. This work provides mechanistic insights into the novel oncogene-like functions of UBR5 in regulating the OC-TME crosstalk and suggests that UBR5 is a potential therapeutic target in OC treatment for modulating the TME and cancer stemness.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Spotlight on Spinal Involvement

Scientifica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Spinal Involvement

Bone disease is observed in almost 80% of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma patients, and spine is the bone site that is more frequently affected by myeloma-induced osteoporosis, osteolyses, or compression fractures. In almost 20% of the cases, spinal cord compression may occur; diagnosis and treatment must be carried out rapidly in order to avoid a permanent sensitive or motor defect. Although whole body skeletal X-ray is considered mandatory for multiple myeloma staging, magnetic resonance imaging is presently considered the most appropriate diagnostic technique for the evaluation of vertebral alterations, as it allows to detect not only the exact morphology of the lesions, but also the pattern of bone marrow infiltration by the disease. Multiple treatment modalities can be used to manage multiple myeloma-related vertebral lesions. Surgery or radiotherapy is mainly employed in case of spinal cord compression, impending fractures, or intractable pain. Percutaneous vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty can reduce local pain in a significant fraction of treated patients, without interfering with subsequent therapeutic programs. Systemic antimyeloma therapy with conventional chemotherapy or, more appropriately, with combinations of conventional chemotherapy and compounds acting on both neoplastic plasma cells and bone marrow microenvironment must be soon initiated in order to reduce bone resorption and, possibly, promote bone formation. Bisphosphonates should also be used in combination with antimyeloma therapy as they reduce bone resorption and prolong patients survival. A multidisciplinary approach is thus needed in order to properly manage spinal involvement in multiple myeloma.

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