Enhancement of the processing window and performance of polyamide 1010/bio‐based high‐density polyethylene blends by melt mixing with natural additives

The compatibility efficiency on different compatibilizer for nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends at a composition of 40/42/18 as functionalized biomaterial was investigated by mechanical properties testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that mechanical properties of compatibilized blends were much improved by the compatibilizers of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) and ethylene/methacrylic acid ionomer-sodium ion (ION) compared with the uncompatibilized blends. Blends had peak mechanical values of different compatibilizer. Both PE-g and ION formed adhesion during melt mixing and stabilized the morphology and significantly reduced the size of dispersed PE phase. PE-g gave the blends with PE spheres ranging from 1 to 4µm and ION with well-dispersed spheres with an average diameter of 1µm. The more enlarged interphase of the blends containing ION reduced the lower interfacial energy to increase the miscibiliy of the blends. Consequently, ION had better contribution to rigidity properties than PE-g for n-HA/PA/PE blends.

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EFFECT OF NANOCLAY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPATIBILIZED ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER / HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLENDS

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.47893/ijmie.2014.1187 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

Atul Rajan ◽

Pradeep Upadhyaya ◽

Vijai Kumar ◽

Navin Chand

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽

High Density ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Polyethylene Blends ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Acetate Copolymer

This paper presents a part of research on the mechanical properties of compatibilized Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA)/ high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ organo modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing technique. Use of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MA-g-PE) as Compatibilizer improves compatibility of EVA and HDPE. Blends containing EVA/HDPE blend with 2 phr MA-g-PE shows optimum properties. It observes that the addition of nanoclay improves the mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural modulus, abrasion resistance and hardness of compatibilized nanocomposites systems. The morphology is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The optimized properties occurrs at clay loading levels of 4 phr with MA-g-PE system.

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Effect of inorganic nanofillers on the impact behavior and fracture probability of industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposite

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317746477 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (18) ◽

pp. 2431-2442 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harun Sepet ◽

Necmettin Tarakcioglu ◽

RDK Misra

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Fracture Probability ◽

High Density ◽

Impact Behavior ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

The main purpose of this work is to study how the morphology of nanofillers and dispersion and distribution level of inorganic nanofiller influence the impact behavior and fracture probability of inorganic filler filled industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. For this study, nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 fillers–high-density polyethylene mixings (0, 1, 3, 5 wt.% high-density polyethylene) was prepared by melt-mixing method using a compounder system. The impact behavior was examined by charpy impact test, scanning electron microscopy, and probability theory and statistics. The level of the dispersion was characterized with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The results showed rather good dispersion of both of inorganic nanofiller, with a mixture of exfoliated and confined morphology. The results indicated that the impact strength of the industrial nanocomposite decreased with the increase of inorganic particulate content. The impact reliability of the industrial nanocomposites depends on the type of nanofillers and their dispersion and distribution in the matrix.

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Gamma radiation curing of nitrile rubber/high density polyethylene blends

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s10967-012-1801-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 293 (3) ◽

pp. 941-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. Elshereafy ◽

Maysa A. Mohamed ◽

M. M. EL-Zayat ◽

A. A. El Miligy

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Nitrile Rubber ◽

High Density ◽

Radiation Curing ◽

Polyethylene Blends

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In-Situ Synthesis and Property Evaluation of High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced Groundnut Shell Particulate Composite

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture ◽

10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 305-311

Author(s):

Abdulmumin Adebisi ◽

Tajudeen Mojisola ◽

Umar Shehu ◽

Muhammed Sani Adam ◽

Yusuf Abdulaziz

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Impact Energy ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

High Density ◽

Compression Moulding ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Groundnut Shell

In-situ synthesis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced groundnut shell particulate (GSP) composite with treated GSP within the range of 10-30 wt% at 10 wt% has been achieved. The adopted technique used in the production of the composite is melt mixing and compounding using two roll mills with a compression moulding machine. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption analysis were examined. The result revealed that addition of GSP increases the hardness value from 22.3 to 87 Hv. However, the tensile strength progressively decreased as the GSP increases in the HDPE. This trend arises due to the interaction between neighbouring reinforced particulate which appears to influence the matrix flow, thereby inducing embrittlement of the polymer matrix. It was also observed that water absorption rate steadily increased with an increase in the exposure time and the absorbed amount of water increases by increasing the wt% of the GSP. Analysing the obtained results, it was concluded that there were improvements in the hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption properties of the HDPE-GSP polymer composite when compared to unreinforced HDPE. On these premises, GSP was found as a promising reinforcement which can positively influence the HDPE properties of modern composites.

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Effect of Temperature on Pyrolysis Oil Using High-Density Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Sources From Mobile Pyrolysis Plant

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2020.541535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ruktai Prurapark ◽

Kittwat Owjaraen ◽

Bordin Saengphrom ◽

Inpitcha Limthongtip ◽

Nopparat Tongam

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Main Product ◽

Carbon Number ◽

High Density ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Boiling Points ◽

And Performance

This research aims to study the effect of temperature, collecting time, and condensers on properties of pyrolysis oil. The research was done be analyzing viscosity, density, proportion of pyrolysis products and performance of each condenser towers for the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the mobile pyrolysis plant. Results showed that the main product of HDPE resin was liquid, and the main product of PET resin was solid. Since the pyrolysis of PET results in mostly solid which blocked up the pipe, the analysis of pyrolysis oil would be from the use of HDPE as a raw material. The pyrolysis of HDPE resin in the amount of 100 kg at 400, 425, and 450°C produced the amount of oil 22.5, 27, and 40.5 L, respectively. The study found that 450°C was the temperature that gives the highest amount of pyrolysis oil in the experiment. The viscosity was in the range of 3.287–4.850 cSt. The density was in the range of 0.668–0.740 kg/L. The viscosity and density were increased according to three factors: high pyrolysis temperature, number of condensers and longer sampling time. From the distillation at temperatures below 65, 65–170, 170–250, and above 250°C, all refined products in each temperature range had the carbon number according to their boiling points. The distillation of pyrolysis oil in this experiment provided high amount of kerosene, followed by gasoline and diesel.

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Effect of particulate fillers on natural rubber/high-density polyethylene blends for roofing application

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391120934615 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096739112093461

Author(s):

WVWH Wickramaarachchi ◽

S Walpalage ◽

SM Egodage

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Barium Sulphate ◽

Filler Loading ◽

High Density ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Excellent Property

Blending of two or more polymers generates a new material, which is more cost-effective than a newly synthesised material. Blending-type thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is produced by melt-mixing of a thermoplastic with a rubber. These blends have high demands associated with excellent property combinations of the parent materials. Particulate fillers are used in the rubber and plastic industry for property modification and cost reduction. In this work, six particulate fillers, namely, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate (BaSO4), kaolin, talc, Snobrite clay and dolomite were used to develop natural rubber (NR)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) TPE blends, and the most suitable filler for roofing application was identified. A series of NR/HDPE 20/80 blends were prepared by varying filler loading from 10 phr to 30 phr at 10 phr intervals using a Plasticorder. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and tear strength, and gel content of the blends were investigated. The addition of talc, dolomite and kaolin to NR/HDPE blend showed reduced impact strength, which is the most important property for a roofing application. The other three fillers showed improved impact strength at specific loadings. The blend with 30 phr of BaSO4 was identified as the best blend, as per the overall performance.

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Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/High Density Polyethylene Blend-Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9030361 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 361 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kartik Behera ◽

Mithilesh Yadav ◽

Fang-Chyou Chiu ◽

Kyong Rhee

Keyword(s):

Isothermal Crystallization ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

High Density ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽

Polyethylene Blend ◽

Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Mixing Method

In this study, a graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) was used as a reinforcing filler to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blend-based nanocomposites through a melt mixing method. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the GNP was mainly distributed within the PVDF matrix phase. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that PVDF and HDPE retained their crystal structure in the blend and composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of GNP enhanced the thermal stability of the blend, which was more evident in a nitrogen environment than in an air environment. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that GNP facilitated the nucleation of PVDF and HDPE in the composites upon crystallization. The activation energy for non-isothermal crystallization of PVDF increased with increasing GNP loading in the composites. The Avrami n values ranged from 1.9–3.8 for isothermal crystallization of PVDF in different samples. The Young’s and flexural moduli of the blend improved by more than 20% at 2 phr GNP loading in the composites. The measured rheological properties confirmed the formation of a pseudo-network structure of GNP-PVDF in the composites. The electrical resistivity of the blend reduced by three orders at a 3-phr GNP loading. The PVDF/HDPE blend and composites showed interesting application prospects for electromechanical devices and capacitors.

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Study on the co-pyrolysis of rice straw and high density polyethylene blends using TG-FTIR-MS

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2017.05.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 20-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Xingping Kai ◽

Rundong Li ◽

Tianhua Yang ◽

Shengqiang Shen ◽

Qiuxia Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Polyethylene Blends

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Palm Kernel Shell Filled Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Filler Loading

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.191 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Nadiatul Husna ◽

Bee Ying Lim ◽

H. Salmah ◽

Chun Hong Voon

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Filler Loading ◽

High Density ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Palm kernel shells (PKS) filled recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) biocomposites were produced using melt mixing. The biocomposites were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 185 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm by varying filler loading (0 to 40 phr). In this study, the effect of PKS loading on rheological properties and thermal stability of rHDPE/PKS were investigated. Rheological study of the biocomposites was carried out by means of capillary rheometer under temperature of 190 °C, 200 °C and 210 °C. Thermal properties of biocomposites were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological results showed that the flowability of the composite increased with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the result of TGA showed that at higher PKS loading, rHDPE/PKS biocomposites had lower total weight loss. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was reduced due to the addition of filler loading.

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