Standing Crop of the Coastal Macrolichen Mastodia Tesselata, and its Relationship to Nutrient Concentrations, on Petermann Island, Antarctica

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. M. Gremmen ◽  
A. H. L. Huiskes ◽  
J. W. Francke
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Prasiola Crispa ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
Foliose Lichen

AbstractThe standing crop of the epilithic foliose lichen Mastodia tesselata and some other species, the nutrient status (chloride, phosphate, nitrate and ammonium) of the substratum, slope and moisture availability were studied in 29 sample plots on Petermann Island (65°10'S, 66°30'W), Antarctica. The observed standing crop values for Mastodia ranged from 49 to 614 g m 2, with an average of 310 g m 2 (17 sample plots), and were 542 g m−2 for Rinodina petermannii (one sample plot) and 314 g m−2 for the alga Prasiola crispa in two meltwater pools. A regression equation with log-transformed ammonium and phosphate concentrations as predictors explained 75% of the observed variance in Mastodia standing crop. No significant influence of chloride or nitrate concentration on the Mastodia standing crop was detected, indicating that Mastodia is a salt-tolerant lichen species, but is not an obligate halophyte. The maximal standing crop of Mastodia on Petermann Island proved to be lower than maximal values found for fruticose macrolichen vegetation in maritime and continental Antarctic. The Mastodia standing crop on Petermann Island was similar to the standing crop of this species on subantarctic Marion Island.

Use of petiole analysis for assessment of vineyard nutrient status in the Barossa district of South Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B Robinson ◽  
M.G McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Daily Sampling ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Petiole Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Local Use

Summary. A study of the petiole nutrient status of cvv. Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Rhine Riesling (Vitis vinifera) was carried out in 19 vineyards of each in the Barossa Valley, South Australia, during 1979 to 1982. The sampling unit chosen was the petiole of leaves opposite bunches, collected at flowering time. Nitrogen status (assessed as nitrate concentration) varied widely among vineyards and high concentrations of nitrate could be associated with use of organic materials (chicken litter, winery marc) in the vineyards. Phosphorus status was almost invariably higher than necessary. Potassium, magnesium and chloride status were usually high by Californian standards. Of the trace elements, boron was low in 1979 to 1980 in some vineyards, but sufficient in other years. Zinc and manganese were usually present in sufficient quantities. Daily sampling of petioles showed that nutrient levels during the flowering period changed less dramatically in this region than in California. Pre-bloom foliar sprays ofurea with zinc had non-significant effects on petiole nitrate concentration. Differences in nutrient concentrations between the three cultivars were detected in some years. The standards used to interpret petiole analysis data in California, while useful in the survey area, required some modification for local use, and working standards are proposed.

scholarly journals The effect of chloride and sulphate application to soil on changes in nutrient content in barley shoot biomass at an early phase of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matula
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact

In this study experiments primarily aimed at the needs of specification of an adequate soil reserve of labile sulphur were extended by investigations of the impact on interactions in nutrient uptake by a test barley plant. Vegetation (18-day) experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation were conducted on a diverse set of 48 soils from agricultural lands. Before barley sowing the experimental set of soils was divided into two variants: A &ndash; control (with NH<sub>4</sub>Cl application) and B &ndash; response variant [with (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> application], and a uniform dose of 26 mg N/kg soil was used. After the experiment terminated, concentrations of N, N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, S, S-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&ndash;</sup>, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn and B were determined. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the sets of data on variants A and B in barley yield and concentrations of sulphur, sulphate, nitrate, phosphorus and boron in barley plants. Sulphate variant (B) had higher yield of barley, higher concentrations of sulphur, sulphate and boron and lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus compared to variant A. The lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus could not be reasoned by the effect of dilution resulting from the higher barley yield. A substantial decrease in nitrate concentration was related to better utilisation of plant nitrogen after the nutrient status of soil was adjusted with sulphur. Phosphorus concentration in barley adequately corresponded to the soil reserve of labile phosphorus, but only after the phosphorus concentration in barley markedly decreased to the lower level in (sulphate) variant B. Higher concentration of boron in barley could potentially be related to the depression of phosphorus uptake after sulphate application.

Effect of environment and plant phenology on prediction of plant nutrient deficiency using leaf analysis in Leucaena leucocephala

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Radrizzani ◽  
Scott A. Dalzell ◽  
H. Max Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Development

Plant analysis is an important tool for predicting plant nutrient imbalances associated with variable soil fertility and it is usually based on analysis of index plant parts such as the youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL). Recent use of the YFEL to diagnose plant nutrient status of Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata (leucaena) pastures has given unreliable results. Two field trials, one irrigated and one dryland, were conducted in subtropical Queensland to investigate the effect of index leaf selection, plant phenology and environmental factors (ambient temperature and water stress) on leaf nutrient concentrations. The YFEL was identified as the best plant part to sample because it was readily identifiable and had consistent concentrations of most nutrients compared to older and younger leaves provided specific conditions were met when sampling. At both sites there was significant (P < 0.05) seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations in leucaena YFEL, which was poorly correlated with ambient temperature but strongly correlated with rainfall in the preceding 28 days and chronological age of YFEL. Advancing plant phenological stage of development increased the chronological age of YFEL from 12 to 73 days under irrigation since no new leaves were produced for prolonged periods during pod filling and maturation. Similarly, YFEL could be 146 days old on plants in vegetative stages of growth under prolonged drought in dryland conditions. YFEL of ~21 days of age or less were found to be optimal for analysis. Furthermore, as the calcium (Ca) concentration of YFEL was strongly correlated with leaf chronological age, this parameter could be used to determine the age of the leaves sampled. YFEL with Ca concentrations >0.75% DM were likely to be >21 days in age and should not be used for the diagnosis of plant nutrient status. It was concluded that leaf analysis could be used to confidently assess leucaena plant nutrient status provided the YFEL were sampled from actively growing plants in vegetative development that had received rainfall/irrigation in the preceding 28 days and were <21 days of age.

Distribution of Nutrients in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Coote ◽  
P. A. Yeats
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Distribution

The general pattern of nutrient distribution in the Gulf of St. Lawrence results from regeneration processes being superimposed on the physical processes of estuarine circulation within the Gulf. This leads to a general increase in nutrient concentration with depth and with distance into the Gulf from Cabot Strait. Nutrient concentrations in the Laurentian Channel are higher inside the Gulf than at equal or even greater depths in the Atlantic Ocean some distance outside Cabot Strait. Summer nutrient concentrations in the surface layer are generally low. However, during the winter when biological activity is low, quite high concentrations of the nutrients are found in the surface waters of the Gulf. A balance exists between inward and outward fluxes of all three nutrients through Cabot Strait in the winter. However, in the summer the influxes of both nitrate and silicate at Cabot Strait greatly exceed the outgoing fluxes. Losses of biogenic silica to the sediments may account for the silicate imbalance. Excess nitrate may be accounted for if ammonia or nitrogen bound with dissolved organics had been measured. Key words: nutrients, silicate, phosphate, nitrate, distribution, regeneration, transport, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Cabot Strait, Laurentian Channel

scholarly journals Optimal Nutrient Concentration Ranges of ‘Hass’ Avocado Cauliflower Stage Inflorescences—Potential Diagnostic Tool to Optimize Tree Nutrient Status and Increase Yield

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Campisi-Pinto ◽  
Yusheng Zheng ◽  
Philippe E. Rolshausen ◽  
David E. Crowley ◽  
Ben Faber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Tree Phenology ◽  
Hass Avocado

Optimizing ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) tree nutrient status is essential for maximizing productivity. Leaf nutrient analysis is used to guide avocado fertilization to maintain tree nutrition. The goal of this research was to identify a ‘Hass’ avocado tissue with nutrient concentrations predictive of yields greater than 40 kg of fruit per tree. This threshold was specified to assist the California avocado industry to increase yields to ≈11,200 kg·ha−1. Nutrient concentrations of cauliflower stage inflorescences (CSI) collected in March proved better predictors of yield than inflorescences collected at full bloom (FBI) in April, fruit pedicels (FP) collected at five different stages of avocado tree phenology from the end of fruit set in June through April the following spring when mature fruit enter a second period of exponential growth, or 6-month-old spring flush leaves (LF) from nonbearing vegetative shoots collected in September (California avocado industry standard). For CSI tissue, concentrations of seven nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were predictive of trees producing greater than 40 kg of fruit annually. Conditional quantile sampling and frequency analysis were used to identify optimum nutrient concentration ranges (ONCR) for each nutrient. Optimum ratios between nutrient concentrations and yields greater than 40 kg per tree were also derived. The high nutrient concentrations characterizing CSI tissue suggest current fertilization practices (timing or amounts) might be causing nutrient imbalances at this stage of avocado tree phenology that are limiting productivity, a possibility that warrants further investigation. Because CSI samples can be collected 4–6 weeks before full bloom, nutritional problems can be addressed before they affect flower retention and fruit set to increase current crop yield, fruit size, and quality. Thus, CSI nutrient analysis warrants further research as a potential supplemental or alternative tool for diagnosing ‘Hass’ avocado tree nutrient status and increasing yield.

Enhanced Prairie Wetland Effects on Surface Water Quality in Crowfoot Creek, Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Ontkean ◽  
David S. Chanasyk ◽  
Sandi Riemersma ◽  
D. Rodney Bennett ◽  
Jerry M. Brunen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Prairie Wetland ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Waterfowl Habitat

Abstract A three-year study was conducted to examine the effects of a prairie wetland enhanced for waterfowl habitat on surface water quality in the Crowfoot Creek watershed in southern Alberta, Canada. Monitoring was carried out at the Hilton wetland from mid-March to the end of October in 1997 to 1999 at two inflow sites and one outflow site. Data were collected on flow, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), and fecal coliform (FC) bacteria. Nutrient concentrations were highest in the spring, and decreased during the remainder of the monitoring period each year. Nutrient concentrations did not change significantly within the wetland due to the form of nutrient, reduced retention times for nutrient uptake, and the addition of nutrients to the water through sediment release and decomposition of organic matter. The wetland acted as both a source and a sink for nutrients, depending on flow volumes. TSS concentrations decreased significantly from inflow to outflow, indicating sedimentation occurred in the wetland. FC bacteria levels were lowest in the spring and increased during the post-spring runoff (PSRO) period. FC bacteria counts decreased significantly within the wetland throughout the entire year. The Hilton wetland was effective in reducing the amounts of TSS and FC bacteria exported from the wetland; however, there was no significant change in nutrient status.

Population regulation of a classical biological control agent larval density dependence inNeochetina eichhorniaeColeoptera Curculionidae, a biological control agent of water hyacinthEichhornia crassipes

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R.U. Wilson ◽  
M. Rees ◽  
O. Ajuonu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations

AbstractThe release of classical biological control agents has reduced the economic, environmental and social problems caused by water hyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes; however, additional control measures are needed in some locations. Water hyacinth plants were treated with different densities of eggs of the weevilNeochetina eichhorniaeWarner, one of the main control agents, under different nutrient regimes in a controlled experiment. Plants were destructively sampled and the development ofN. eichhorniaewas assessed. The survival of first and second instars declined as larval density increased. Plant nutrient status did not directly affect the mortality rate of larvae, but at higher nutrient concentrations larvae developed faster and were larger at a given developmental stage. It is argued that the density dependence operating inN. eichhorniaeoccurs through an interaction between young larvae and leaf longevity. Consequently, events which disrupt water hyacinth leaf dynamics, e.g. frost or foliar herbicides, will have a disproportionately large effect on the control agents and may reduce the level of control of the host.

The influence of mountain alder on the growth, nutrition, and survival of black spruce and Sitka spruce in an afforested heathland near Mobile, Newfoundland

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
André J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ecological Basis ◽  
Alder Leaf Litter

The natural invasion of mountain alder (Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh) into monoculture plantations of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) afforded an opportunity to assess the effects of mountain alder on soils, and on the growth, nutrient status, and survival of spruce in eastern Newfoundland. The plantations were established on ploughed Kalmia–Vaccinium heath in 1968–1969. Significant increases in the growth of spruce were associated with the presence of high densities of mountain alder in the two plantations studied. The increases began 3–6 years after the invasion and establishment of mountain alder. Estimated nitrogen (N) contributions to each plantation from mountain alder leaf litter fall were approximately 50 kg•ha−1•year−1. Spruce foliage N content was 10–15% higher in high-density mountain alder (HD-alder) plots than in low-density mountain alder (LD-alder) plots, but other foliar nutrient concentrations were low and possibly deficient in the HD-alder plots. Development of a litter fall–humus layer was observed in HD-alder plots but not in LD-alder plots; however, B-horizon soil-N values did not differ significantly between HD-alder and LD-alder plots. The mountain alder invasion did not reduce the densities (stems/ha) of spruce. Additional studies on the autecology of Alnus spp. native to Newfoundland, and on alder-spruce interaction are recommended to further the development of an adequate ecological basis for heathland and peatland afforestation in the region.

Nutrient status of sugar cane in relation to leaf nutrient concentration

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Levels

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of sugar cane were studied in relation to the concentration of these elements in the leaf tissue of three varieties of sugar cane grown commercially in Fiji. Percentage yields of sugar cane in fertilizer field experiments were highly correlated with leaf nutrient levels in the control plots, provided leaf sampling was carried out during the maximum growth period of mid- January to mid-May. For each nutrient there was a marginal zone of leaf concentration below which crops always gave significant yield responses to applied nutrients and above which crops failed to respond. Marginal zones for crops sampled during mid-March to mid-May were 1.4-2.0 per cent for nitrogen, 0.13-0.21 per cent for phosphorus, and 0.9-1.5 per cent oven dry leaf for potassium. Within the deficient range of leaf nutrient concentrations there was little relationship between optimum rates of fertilizer required to correct the deficiency and leaf nutrient levels of unfertilized cane. Because of the lateness of sampling, any indication of fertilizer requirement would only be applicable to a subsequent ratoon crop.

Seasonal growth and foliar nutrients of Larix laricina in three wetland ecosystems

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Tilton
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Conifer Swamp ◽  
Study Sites

Levels of N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, and B were determined in foliage from tamarack (Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch) in a bog, conifer swamp, and fen from budbreak to leaf abscission. Elongation of needles and lateral shoots as well as dry and ash weight of needles were determined. Expansion of needles and shoots ceased at similar dates for all sites, but trees in the fen had significantly longer needles and lateral shoots.On August 13, foliar concentrations of N, Ca,and Mg were higher in the fen than in the conifer swamp or bog, while concentrations of Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, and B were higher in the bog than the other two sites. Phosphorus concentrations in foliage were similar on this date in the fen and conifer swamp but were lower in the bog site. Despite significant between-site variation for certain foliar elements, two patterns of seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations were discerned. Significant between-site differences in the amounts and rates of needle and shoot elongation, foliar nutrient concentrations at a single sampling time, and patterns of certain foliar elements were associated with variations in nutrient status and moisture–aeration conditions of the study sites.

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