Clay Minerals in Soils as Evidence of Holocene Climatic Change, Central Indo-Gangetic Plains, North-Central India

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Srivastava ◽  
Bramha Parkash ◽  
Dilip K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North Central ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Paleoclimatic Changes ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Potential Indicator

Clay mineral assemblages of a soil chrono-association comprising five fluvial surface members (QGH1 to QGH5) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains between the Ramganga and Rapti rivers, north-central India, demonstrate that pedogenic interstratified smectite–kaolin (Sm/K) can be considered as a potential indicator for paleoclimatic changes during the Holocene from arid to humid climates. On the basis of available radiocarbon dates, thermoluminescence dates, and historical evidence, tentative ages assigned to QGH1 to QGH5 are <500 yr B.P., >500 yr B.P., >2500 yr B.P., 8000 TL yr B.P., and 13,500 TL yr B.P., respectively. During pedogenesis two major regional climatic cycles are recorded: relatively arid climates between 10,000–6500 yr B.P. and 3800–? yr B.P. were punctuated by a warm and humid climate. Biotite weathered to trioctahedral vermiculite and smectite in the soils during arid conditions, and smectite was unstable and transformed to Sm/K during the warm and humid climatic phase (7400–4150 cal yr B.P.). When the humid climate terminated, vermiculite, smectite, and Sm/K were preserved to the present day. The study suggests that during the development of soils in the Holocene in alluvium of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, climatic fluctuations appear to be more important than realized hitherto. The soils older than 2500 yr B.P. are relict paleosols, but they are polygenetic because of their subsequent alterations.

River response to Quaternary climatic fluctuations: evidence from the Son and Belan valleys, north-central India

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 2619-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.J. Williams ◽  
J.N. Pal ◽  
M. Jaiswal ◽  
A.K. Singhvi
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
North Central

scholarly journals Possible Evidence of Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Voyages Based on Conventional LSC and AMS 14C Dating of Associated Charcoal and a Carbonized Seed of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Pokharia ◽  
B Sekar ◽  
Jagannath Pal ◽  
Alka Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North Central ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Pelletron Accelerator

An attempt was made to trace the antiquity of custard apple in India on the basis of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) radiocarbon dates. Recently, seed remains of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) in association with wood charcoals were encountered from the Neolithic archaeological site of Tokwa at the confluence of the Belan and Adwa rivers, Mirzapur District, in the Vidhyan Plateau region of north-central India. The wood charcoal sample was dated at the 14C laboratory of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany (BSIP), Lucknow, by conventional LSC 14C dating. The sample dated to 1740 cal BC (BS-2054). A seed sample of custard apple was dated by AMS at the Institute of Physics 14C laboratory, Bhubaneswar, India (3MV tandem Pelletron accelerator). Interestingly, the AMS date was given as 1520 cal BC (IOPAMS-10), showing a reasonable agreement with the LSC date carried out at BSIP. On botanical grounds, the custard apple is native to South America and the West Indies and was supposed to have been introduced in India by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The present 14C dates of the samples pushes back the antiquity of custard apple on Indian soil to the 2nd millennium BC, favoring a group of specialists proposing diverse arguments for Asian-American transoceanic contacts before the discovery of America by Columbus in AD 1492.

The Seventeenth Century Chronicles of Mārvāṛa: A Study in the Evolution and Use of Oral Traditions in Western India

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 127-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Central India ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Western India ◽  
North Central ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Rich

Having won the great battle, Rāo Tīido returned to Mahevā with great wealth in train. Upon arrival, he divided up the wealth and property. To the Cāraṇas and Bhāṭas he gave many cows, many female camels and buffalo. And there were noble songs [vaḍā gîta] and exalted poems [vaḍā kavita] recited of the glorious battle and the renowned victory.The poets are the chief, though not the sole, historians of Western India;… they speak in a peculiar tongue, which requires to be translated into the sober language of probability. To compensate for their magniloquence and obscurity, their pen is free: the despotism of the Rajpoot princes does not extend to the poet's lay, which flows unconfined except by the shackles of the chhund bhojunga, or “Serpentine stanza”…. On the other hand, there is a sort of compact or understanding between the bard and the prince, a barter of “solid pudding against empty praise,” whereby the fidelity of the poetic chronicle is somewhat impaired. The sale of “fame” as the bards term it, by the court-laureates and historiographers of Rajasthan, will continue until there shall arise in the community a class sufficiently enlightened and independent to look for no other recompense for literary labor than public distinction.Stretching across North-central India from Kāthiāvaṛa to Orissa lies a great geographical and cultural shatterbelt formed by the Vindhyan mountains and their associated tracts, an area traditionally characterized by high internal subdivision and political fragmentation. The northwestern extension of this belt comprises the frontier zone today known as Rājasthān (“the land of the Princes”). Strategically situated between the rich Gangetic plains of Hindustān to the northwest and the fertile regions of Mālvā and Gujarāt to the south and southwest, it forms an area of marginal agricultural importance whose historical significance lay primarily in its position as a key transitional zone between larger cultural centers, criss-crossed and intersected at a number of points by major caraven routes.

The last glaciation and sea level history of Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Bell
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ice Conditions

The last glaciation of Fosheim Peninsula is reconstructed on the basis of landform and sediment mapping and associated radiocarbon dates. Ice growth involved the expansion of cirque glaciers and accumulation on upland surfaces that are now ice free. Limited ice buildup, despite lowering of the paleoglaciation level by 700–800 m, is attributed to the hyperaridity of the region during glacial conditions. Marine deposits in formerly submerged basins beyond the ice margins are interpreted to represent (i) sedimentation caused by local ice buildup and marine transgression by 10.6 ka BP, (ii) increased ablation and glacier runoff [Formula: see text]9.5 ka BP, and (iii) marine regression during the Holocene. Holocene marine limit reaches a maximum elevation of approximately 150 m asl along northern Eureka Sound and Greely Fiord and descends southeastwards to 139–142 m asl near the Sawtooth Mountains. A synchronous marine limit is implied where the last ice limit was inland of the sea. The magnitude and pattern of Holocene emergence cannot be fully explained by the glacioisostatic effects of the small ice load during the last glaciation of the region. Deglaciation of the peninsula was underway by 9.5 ka BP; however, local ice caps may have persisted through the wannest period of the Holocene until 6–5 ka BP. This was likely a function of reduced sea ice conditions and increased moisture availability which benefited low-lying coastal icefields, but had negligible effect on interior highland ice caps.

Holocene evolution of the Assiniboine River paleochannels and Portage la Prairie alluvial fan

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Rannie ◽  
L. H. Thorleifson ◽  
J. T. Teller
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Red River ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Side

The Portage la Prairie alluvial fan was constructed by numerous successive paleochannels of the Assiniboine River along the western side of the Lake Agassiz basin as the level of the lake rapidly declined beginning 9500 years ago. The history of the paleochannels during the first several thousand years is not known. Paleochannel morphologies and cross-cutting relations, soil maturity, and radiocarbon dates, however, indicate that by 6000–7000 years ago flow was northward into Lake Manitoba. This direction was maintained until about 3000 years ago, when avulsion redirected the Assiniboine eastward to the Red River near Winnipeg. The morphologies of the paleochannels suggest that channel-forming discharges and sediment loads of the ancestral rivers have not differed significantly from the modern values despite palynological evidence that the climate was warmer and drier during much of the Holocene.

Quaternary North American Vegetational History: 1.6 Ma to the Present

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Quaternary Period ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The University

The Quaternary Period encompasses the Pleistocene and the Holocene or Recent Epochs. The date used for the beginning of the Pleistocene depends upon which globally recognizable event is selected as representing a significant break with the preceding Pliocene Epoch. Candidates include the Gauss-Matuyama magnetopolarity boundary (~2.8 Ma; see Quaternary International, 1997); the initiation of widespread permafrost, a frigid Arctic Ocean, and rapid glaciation in the high northern latitudes (~2.4 Ma; Shackleton and Opdyke, 1977; Shackleton et al., 1984); or the African Olduvai paleomagnetic event between 1.87 and 1.67 Ma. The transition from hothouse to icehouse conditions was gradual, but the Pleistocene is typified at Vrica, Italy, as beginning at ~1.67 Ma (Aguirre and Pasini, 1985; Richmond and Fullerton, 1986; oxygen isotope stage 62), and that is the date used here. In the conterminous United States the Elk Creek till of Nebraska is 2.14 m.y. in age (Hallberg, 1986), and the onset of the full ice age is represented by the onset of repeated glaciations at ~850 Kya when glaciers extended down the Mississippi River Valley. Subsequently, glacial-interglacial conditions fluctuated until the latest retreat at ~11 Kya that began the Holocene or Recent Epoch. The chronology of ice age events began with the publication of Louis Agassiz’s (1840) Etudes surles Glaciers. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a single glacial advance was envisioned as blanketing the high latitudes. In the 1940s Willard E Libby at the University of Chicago perfected the technique of radiocarbon dating, and Flint and Rubin (1955) applied this methodology of “isotopic clocks” to establishing the absolute chronology of drift deposits from the eastern and midwestern United States. Their radiocarbon dates showed evidence of two or more times of continental-scale glaciations; older organic material was “radiocarbon inert” and beyond the ~40-Ky range of the technique. A standard chronology eventually became established for North America that included four major glacial stages (Nebraskan, oldest; Kansan; Illinoian; and Wisconsin) separated by four interglacials (Aftonian, oldest; Yarmouth, Sangamon, and the present Holocene).

scholarly journals Rapid climatic variability in the west Mediterranean during the last 25 000 years from high resolution pollen data

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Combourieu Nebout ◽  
O. Peyron ◽  
I. Dormoy ◽  
S. Desprat ◽  
C. Beaudouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Reconstruction ◽  
Mediterranean Vegetation ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Alboran Sea ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alborán Sea

Abstract. High-temporal resolution pollen record from the Alboran Sea ODP Site 976, pollen-based quantitative climate reconstruction and biomisation show that changes of Mediterranean vegetation have been clearly modulated by short and long term variability during the last 25 000 years. The reliability of the quantitative climate reconstruction from marine pollen spectra has been tested using 22 marine core-top samples from the Mediterranean. The ODP Site 976 pollen record and climatic reconstruction confirm that Mediterranean environments have a rapid response to the climatic fluctuations during the last Termination. The western Mediterranean vegetation response appears nearly synchronous with North Atlantic variability during the last deglaciation as well as during the Holocene. High-resolution analyses of the ODP Site 976 pollen record show a cooling trend during the Bölling/Allerød period. In addition, this period is marked by two warm episodes bracketing a cooling event that represent the Bölling-Older Dryas-Allerød succession. During the Holocene, recurrent declines of the forest cover over the Alboran Sea borderlands indicate climate events that correlate well with several events of increased Mediterranean dryness observed on the continent and with Mediterranean Sea cooling episodes detected by alkenone-based sea surface temperature reconstructions. These events clearly reflect the response of the Mediterranean vegetation to the North Atlantic Holocene cold events.

scholarly journals Risk factor assessment for acne vulgaris in human and implications for public health interventions in north central India: A survey based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Dikshit ◽  
Afifa Qidwai ◽  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
Shashi Kant Shukla ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Central India ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common dermatological problem of adolescence since the time immemorial. However, it is neither life threatening nor is a physical disability, but acne affects social and psychological functioning. Acne vulgaris is multifactorial, apart from basic factor of hormonal change and bacterial outbreak; there are several other factors that may influence the prevalence of acne.Methods: In the present study, populations were assessed for influence of various factors on acne prevalence. This cross-sectional study was a population based field study intending to discern the factors that influence the prevalence of acne in adolescents. The study carried out from April 2016 to October 2016 in north central India. For this survey, questionnaires were design to cover all the required information regarding occurrence of acne that include factors like gender, age, skin type, complexion, season of occurrence, dietary habit etc.Results: Acne vulgaris appears to be influenced by gender, age, seasonal variations, breakout area, complexion, skin types and dietary habits. Further, the influence of dietary habit on acne, by the consumption of dairy products or high-carbon diet has also been evaluated. Apart from depicting the vulnerable range of age (p=0.003288), sensitivity on various skin types (p=0.00039) and complexion (p=0.001355) on the basis of gender; This Field study on Acne Vulgaris, also reveals that the season has inordinate role in acne pervasiveness (p=0.115731).Conclusion: This study is helpful in categorizing the risk factors and evidencing the afflictions of acne in population thus, contributing health care planning. Keywords: Acne, Prevalence, Risk factors, Post management.

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