Roles of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the CNS

2009 ◽  
pp. 517-534
Author(s):  
G. Y. Sun ◽  
A. Y. Sun ◽  
L. A. Horrocks ◽  
A. Simonyi
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Phospholipases A2

scholarly journals Microglia, Cytokines, and Neural Activity: Unexpected Interactions in Brain Development and Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Ferro ◽  
Yohan S. S. Auguste ◽  
Lucas Cheadle
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Intercellular signaling molecules such as cytokines and their receptors enable immune cells to communicate with one another and their surrounding microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that the same signaling pathways that regulate inflammatory responses to injury and disease outside of the brain also play powerful roles in brain development, plasticity, and function. These observations raise the question of how the same signaling molecules can play such distinct roles in peripheral tissues compared to the central nervous system, a system previously thought to be largely protected from inflammatory signaling. Here, we review evidence that the specialized roles of immune signaling molecules such as cytokines in the brain are to a large extent shaped by neural activity, a key feature of the brain that reflects active communication between neurons at synapses. We discuss the known mechanisms through which microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, respond to increases and decreases in activity by engaging classical inflammatory signaling cascades to assemble, remodel, and eliminate synapses across the lifespan. We integrate evidence from (1) in vivo imaging studies of microglia-neuron interactions, (2) developmental studies across multiple neural circuits, and (3) molecular studies of activity-dependent gene expression in microglia and neurons to highlight the specific roles of activity in defining immune pathway function in the brain. Given that the repurposing of signaling pathways across different tissues may be an important evolutionary strategy to overcome the limited size of the genome, understanding how cytokine function is established and maintained in the brain could lead to key insights into neurological health and disease.

scholarly journals Cell responses to the impact of physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation and their modulation by plant polyphenols

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kostyuk ◽  
Ahmed Albuhaydar ◽  
Alla I. Potapovich ◽  
Lyudmila G. Korkinа
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
The Impact

In this study it was investigated the responses of cultured human cells – keratinocytes and fibroblasts to physiological doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) applied with or without plant polyphenolic compounds: rutin, quercetin, taxofolin, silybin and baikalein. Experimental data obtained in this work indicate the presence of synergism in the action of physiological doses of UVR and plant polyphenolic compounds on inflammatory signaling pathways in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It is concluded that the identified synergies can contribute to the adaptation of the skin to subsequent exposure to UVR, and thus be one of the photoprotective mechanisms of the plant polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Zhu ◽  
Xuemei Xian ◽  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
Yingchao Bi ◽  
Quangang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Vascular Stenosis ◽  
Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease; unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture, vascular stenosis, or occlusion caused by platelet aggregation and thrombosis lead to acute cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis-related inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways, bioactive lipids, and adhesion molecules. This review discusses the effects of inflammation and the systemic inflammatory signaling pathway on atherosclerosis, the role of related signaling pathways in inflammation, the formation of atherosclerosis plaques, and the prospects of treating atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation.

scholarly journals Reactive Glia Inflammatory Signaling Pathways and Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Sanz ◽  
Maria Adelaida Garcia-Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Positive Feedback Loop ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Neuroinflammation and epilepsy are interconnected. Brain inflammation promotes neuronal hyper-excitability and seizures, and dysregulation in the glia immune-inflammatory function is a common factor that predisposes or contributes to the generation of seizures. At the same time, acute seizures upregulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia and astrocytes, triggering a downstream cascade of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, epileptic seizures and inflammatory mediators form a vicious positive feedback loop, reinforcing each other. In this work, we have reviewed the main glial signaling pathways involved in neuroinflammation, how they are affected in epileptic conditions, and the therapeutic opportunities they offer to prevent these disorders.

scholarly journals Bariatric Surgery Induces Disruption in Inflammatory Signaling Pathways Mediated by Immune Cells in Adipose Tissue: A RNA-Seq Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0125718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Poitou ◽  
Claire Perret ◽  
François Mathieu ◽  
Vinh Truong ◽  
Yuna Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling
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