High-Speed Cinemicrographic Studies of Electrically Exploded Metal Films

1962 ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zernow ◽  
F. Wright ◽  
G. Woffinden
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Films

Shock-squeezed metal-insulator-metal films at high-speed impacts of micrometeoroid and technogenic particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Semkin ◽  
K. E. Voronov ◽  
L. S. Novikov ◽  
N. L. Bogoyavlenskii
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal

Paper F–5: High-Speed Photographic Studies of Electrically Exploded Metal Films and Wires

1962 ◽  
Vol 71 (1A) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Louis Zernow ◽  
George Woffinden ◽  
Fulton W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Photographic Studies

Fabrication and optical characterization of nano-hole arrays in gold and gold/palladium films on glass

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
O M Piciu ◽  
M W Docter ◽  
M C van der Krogt ◽  
Y Garini ◽  
I T Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Hole Arrays ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Transmitted Spectrum

This paper reports on the improved fabrication process and the optical characterization of different nano-hole arrays in thin metal films that are to be integrated into a novel atto-litre titre plate device for high-speed molecular analysis, such as DNA hybridizations and protein immunoassays. The optical detection is based on the enhanced optical transmission that was recently discovered when light passes through periodically distributed sub-wavelength apertures in optically thick metal films. The transmitted light has also small angular diffraction and well-defined spectral features. Using electron-beam (e-beam) lithography (EBL) and lift-off technique, various array structures with hole diameters ranging between 100 nm and 200 nm and different pitches were fabricated in a 200-nm thick layer of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), and gold/palladium (Au/Pd = 60/40) alloy on glass. Introducing Pd to Au, the grain size of the material is decreased, getting a more well-defined shape of the holes. The transmitted spectrum was measured through periodically and randomly distributed nano-holes in Au. Transmitted spectra were compared as well through similar subwavelength hole arrays in Au, Pd, and Au/Pd alloy. Moreover, the fluorescence of Rhodamine G6 (0.05 µM) was measured when using the transmitted light through periodical cavities in Au as the illumination source. It reveals a nine-fold increase in the fluorescent signal.

Seebeck Coefficient Effects of Nanoscale Conductors in a Gaseous Flow Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Garrity ◽  
Kevin L. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Surface Scattering ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Collision Density

ABSTRACTThe surrounding ambient introduces a gaseous boundary to many potential nanotechnology applications such as nanoscale thermoelectric devices and low dimensional thermal control devices. Despite the large surface area to volume ratio of nanostructures, a formal study of the surface scattering effects induced by a gaseous boundary has received little attention. In this work, we consider the perturbing effects to the electron cloud or jellium of conducting nanostructures when submitted to a gaseous interface of varying interaction energies. Specifically, we incorporate the novel experimental method of Dynamic Electron Scattering (DES) to measure the Seebeck coefficient of 30 nm thick Au and Cu metal films in He and Ar atmospheres. The gas particle impact energy is varied by changing the flow speed from stationary (non-moving gas field) to high speed flow over the metal films. The scattering effects of each gas are clearly observable through a Seebeck coefficient increase as the gas impact energy increases. We find the high collision density of He to induce a greater increase in thermopower than the much heavier Ar with lower collision density. The perturbed transport properties of the Au and Cu thin films are explained by kinetic surface scattering mechanisms that dominate the scattering landscape of high surface area to volume ratio materials as suggested by comparative measurements on bulk Cu.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

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