Commentary to Part II: Interdiscursivity and Interlegality as Key Dimensions of Intercultural Coexistence

Examining the activities of the Israel Defense Forces along the Gaza-Israel border, this article identifies a new phase in what the author calls ‘military-police fusion’. The analysis focuses on novel technologies—remote-controlled weapon stations and unmanned ground vehicles—and on the women soldiers who operate these systems. The central claim is that the blurring of boundaries between military and policing missions, combined with high-tech weaponry, has resulted in the development and implementation of new modes of violence that are currently undergoing a process of redefinition and feminization. The article addresses three key dimensions of the processes occurring in the hybrid operational environment along the Gaza-Israel border: the legal dimension, the technological dimension, and the gender dimension.

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Physical and Biological Properties and Principles

10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Properties ◽

Animal Locomotion ◽

The Media ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Scaling Analyses ◽

Physical Principles

Studies of animal locomotion are grounded in an understanding of the physical principles that govern how animals move and properties of the media through which they move. These studies, in turn, explain why certain biological devices, such as a wing or a fin, share features that have evolved for movement within their particular fluid environments. In this chapter, we examine the role of the environment and the fundamentals of loading and forces in animal mechanics. We offer a quick review of scaling analyses as well as the key dimensions and units used in this book to assist with your appreciation of the information.

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780198758631.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul D. Webb ◽

Thomas Poguntke ◽

Susan E. Scarrow

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Ideal Type ◽

Representative Democracy ◽

Party Organization ◽

Ideal Types ◽

Practical Guide ◽

Organizational Patterns ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Analytical Frameworks ◽

The Ideal

This chapter briefly recaps the findings of this volume, then addresses more general questions concerning the types of organizational patterns that researchers should expect to find, and the most fruitful approaches to understanding the origins and implications of those patterns. The authors review the PPDB data in order to assess the empirical applicability of various well-known ideal-types of parties. They find that only a minority of the cases in the dataset fit into one of these ideal-type categories—even when the bar is set low for such classification. It is argued that the ideal-type approach, while it has its merits, is less useful as a practical guide for empirical research than analytical frameworks based on the key dimensions of party organization—resources, structures, and representational strategies. The chapter closes by emphasizing the very real consequences that the organizational choices made by parties can have for representative democracy.

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Using Regulatory Flexibility to Address Market Informality in Seed Systems: A Global Study

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Katrin Kuhlmann ◽

Bhramar Dey

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Regulatory Environment ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Seed Systems ◽

High Quality ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Regulatory Flexibility

Seed rules and regulations determine who can produce and sell seeds, which varieties will be available in the market, the quality of seed for sale, and where seed can be bought and sold. The legal and regulatory environment for seed impacts all stakeholders, including those in the informal sector, through shaping who can participate in the market and the quality and diversity of seed available. This paper addresses a gap in the current literature regarding the role of law and regulation in linking the informal and formal seed sectors and creating more inclusive and better governed seed systems. Drawing upon insights from the literature, global case studies, key expert consultations, and a methodology on the design and implementation of law and regulation, we present a framework that evaluates how regulatory flexibility can be built into seed systems to address farmers’ needs and engage stakeholders of all sizes. Our study focuses on two key dimensions: extending market frontiers and liberalizing seed quality control mechanisms. We find that flexible regulatory approaches and practices play a central role in building bridges between formal and informal seed systems, guaranteeing quality seed in the market, and encouraging market entry for high-quality traditional and farmer-preferred varieties.

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Responsible innovation, anticipation and responsiveness: case studies of algorithms in decision support in justice and security, and an exploration of potential, unintended, undesirable, higher-order effects

AI and Ethics ◽

10.1007/s43681-021-00063-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marc Steen ◽

Tjerk Timan ◽

Ibo van de Poel

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Case Studies ◽

Personal Data ◽

Higher Order ◽

Popular Media ◽

Responsible Innovation ◽

Order Effects ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Higher Order Effects

AbstractThe collection and use of personal data on citizens in the design and deployment of algorithms in the domain of justice and security is a sensitive topic. Values like fairness, autonomy, privacy, accuracy, transparency and property are at stake. Negative examples of algorithms that propagate or exacerbate biases, inequalities or injustices have received ample attention, both in academia and in popular media. To supplement this view, we will discuss two positive examples of Responsible Innovation (RI): the design and deployment of algorithms in decision support, with good intentions and careful approaches. We then explore potential, unintended, undesirable, higher-order effects of algorithms—effects that may occur despite good intentions and careful approaches. We do that by engaging with anticipation and responsiveness, two key dimensions of Responsible Innovation. We close the paper with proposing a framework and a series of tentative recommendations to promote anticipation and responsiveness in the design and deployment of algorithms in decision support in the domain of justice and security.

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A Preliminary Test of the Impact of De-Globalization on MNC Performance

Management and Organization Review ◽

10.1017/mor.2021.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 412-428

Author(s):

Hilla Peretz ◽

Michael J. Morley

Keyword(s):

Organizational Context ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Organizational Level ◽

Institutional Fit ◽

Preliminary Examination ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTWe offer a preliminary examination of whether national and organizational level contexts amplify or reduce the effects of de-globalization on the performance of MNCs. Theoretically, we borrow ideas from both event system theory and institutional fit to propose a model explicating key dimensions of the relationship between de-globalization, national and organizational context, and MNC performance. We then test our ideas using data assembled from 283 MNCs in 20 countries. We find that while de-globalization has a negative effect on MNC performance, national and organizational level contextual endowments do moderate this relationship. We discuss some implications of our findings and highlight attendant limitations.

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The Role of Digital Maturity Assessment in Technology Interventions with Industrial Internet Playground

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10101134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1134

Author(s):

Annabeth Aagaard ◽

Mirko Presser ◽

Tom Collins ◽

Michail Beliatis ◽

Anita Krogsøe Skou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Digital Interventions ◽

Maturity Assessment ◽

Industrial Internet ◽

Digital Development ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

The Impact

The use of digital technologies such as Internet of Things and advanced data analytics are central in digitally transforming manufacturing companies towards Industry 4.0. Success cases are frequently reported, and there is clear evidence of technology interventions conducted by industry. However, measuring the impact and effect of such interventions on digital maturity and on the organizational adoption can be challenging. Therefore, the research aim of this paper is to explore how the combination of the different methods of Industrial Internet Playground (IIP) pilots, Shadow Infrastructure (SI) and digital maturity assessment can assist in conducting and documenting the technical, as well as organisational, impact of digital interventions. Through an elaborate literature review of existing digital maturity assessment tools and key dimensions in digital transformation, we have developed a digital maturity assessment tool (DMAT), which is presented and applied in the paper to identify digital development areas and to evaluate and document the effects of digital interventions. Thus, the paper contributes with new knowledge of how the IIP pilot and SI combined with digital maturity assessment can support effective, transparent and documented digital transformation throughout an organisation, as explored through theory and a practice case.

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The Dimension of Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Broadness of Information in Italian Companies

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabrina Spallini ◽

Virginia Milone ◽

Antonio Nisio ◽

Patrizia Romanazzi

Keyword(s):

Business Performance ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Global Reporting Initiative ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Mean Values ◽

Regulatory Interventions ◽

Development Goals ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Positive Correlations

In recent years, sustainability has become one of the key dimensions of business performance. The results obtained in terms of sustainability must be adequately communicated in suitable reports, the quality of which is determined by several factors. One of these, the breadth of information provided, plays a significant role. The aim of this paper is to measure the broadness of non-financial information in sustainability reports and correlate this to some selected variables that refer to corporate governance, i.e., the presence of an internal sustainability committee and of female directors; the characteristics of the report e.g., Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) citation; company features, number of employees, revenues, and Return On Assets ROA. For this purpose, 134 Italian companies were studied and a score based on the conformity of the NFD (non-financial disclosure) with the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) standards was created. To test the research hypotheses, univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed. The results showed different behaviors by the companies in terms of sustainability policies. The GRISC (Global Reporting Initiative Score) has a greater concentration on mean values. Positive correlations were found between GRISC and the presence of an internal sustainability committee, SDG citation in the NFD and company size. This study offers support for policy makers and practitioners as it provides a measure of the breadth of sustainability information and relates this to the variables analyzed. The latter depend on regulatory interventions or company policies which are implemented, or could be implemented, to improve the extent of the NFD.

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Controlling Safety of Artificial Intelligence-Based Systems in Healthcare

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13010102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽

Waldemar Karwowski ◽

Krzysztof Fiok ◽

Thomas Wan ◽

Hamid R. Parsaei

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Black Box ◽

Healthcare Industry ◽

Emergency Plans ◽

Controlling System ◽

Box Models ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Value Model ◽

And Control

In response to the need to address the safety challenges in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), this research aimed to develop a framework for a safety controlling system (SCS) to address the AI black-box mystery in the healthcare industry. The main objective was to propose safety guidelines for implementing AI black-box models to reduce the risk of potential healthcare-related incidents and accidents. The system was developed by adopting the multi-attribute value model approach (MAVT), which comprises four symmetrical parts: extracting attributes, generating weights for the attributes, developing a rating scale, and finalizing the system. On the basis of the MAVT approach, three layers of attributes were created. The first level contained six key dimensions, the second level included 14 attributes, and the third level comprised 78 attributes. The key first level dimensions of the SCS included safety policies, incentives for clinicians, clinician and patient training, communication and interaction, planning of actions, and control of such actions. The proposed system may provide a basis for detecting AI utilization risks, preventing incidents from occurring, and developing emergency plans for AI-related risks. This approach could also guide and control the implementation of AI systems in the healthcare industry.

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The dimensions of streaming: toward a typology of an evolving concept

Media Culture & Society ◽

10.1177/0163443720904587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1210-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hendrik Storstein Spilker ◽

Terje Colbjørnsen

Keyword(s):

Comparative Research ◽

Live Streaming ◽

General Audience ◽

Industrial History ◽

On Demand ◽

History Of ◽

Media Research ◽

Key Dimensions

Based on research on the development of streaming solutions across media forms and industries, this article traces the dynamics and dimensions of the notion of streaming. It theorizes streaming as an evolving concept, and argues against strict, set and limited definitions such as those suggested by Lotz and Herbert et al. A short substantive and industrial history of streaming is provided, recognizing its many manifestations and variations. Five key dimensions are identified, and trends and traits within each of them discussed: (1) professional versus user-generated streaming, (2) legal versus piracy streaming, (3) on-demand versus live streaming, (4) streaming on dedicated versus multi-feature platforms, and (5) niche versus general-audience streaming. The article concludes by pointing out how streaming is a concept that metaphorically unites media research across industries, practices, and media forms, encouraging more comparative research.

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