Influence of Machine Design on the Quality of Extrusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Peter Križan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Design

EFFECTS OF MILKING MACHINES ON THE QUALITY OF MILK1

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
W. G. Whittlestone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Large Herd ◽  
Milking Machine

Advisory officers and milking machine manufacturers have, in the past, criticised scientists on the ground, it is claimed, that no attempt is made to describe developments associated with farming in terms which can be understood by intelligent laymen. This article deals with the specific problem of the effects of the milking machine on milk quality. It suggests one approach to the problem of machine design. There may well be other solutions which have not yet been explored. It is realised that the requirements for high quality milk production may contradict the needs of the farmer with a large herd who is short of labour. There is also the problem of mastitis. These aspects will be examined in later articles in the series, with the thought that, out of an up-to-date consideration of all the problems involved, a working solution will emerge which will be economical, efficient and available to New Zealand farmers.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengolah Limbah Kain dan Kertas Sebagai Bahan Industri Eternit

Teknik ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dahlan ◽  
Rochmad Winarso ◽  
Sugeng Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Paper Waste

Di Kabupaten Kudus, saat ini berkembang UMKM dalam usaha pembuatan eternit. Bahan baku pembuatan eternit terdiri ini terdiri dari semen dan serat kain. Disatu sisi, di Kabupaten Kudus banyak tumbuh sentra-sentra industri garment seperti di desa Langgar Dalem, Loram Wetan, Loram Kulon, Megawon, Klumpit, Undaan dan masih banyak lagi yang menghasilkan limbah kain tidak termanfaatkan. Untuk itu diperlukan inovasi dalam memanfaatkan bahan baku yang melimpah tersebut guna memenuhi UKM pembuatan eternit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang bangun mesin pengolah limbah kertas dan kain menjadi bahan baku eternit untuk produksi UKM eternitdengan kapasitas 1200 gr/putaran. Tenaga penggerak menggunakan motor listrik 6 PK, 3 phase putaran 1400 rpm, sehingga kapasitas maksimal mesin crusher sebesar 120 kg/jam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) melakukan survey ketersediaan bahan baku berupa sampah kain/kertas, serta menganalisa kualitas serat penguat bahan baku. 2) merancang desain dari mesin pengolah limbah kain/kertas, 3) menentukan kebutuhan komponen serta kesiapan laboratorium pendukung yang akan digunakan untuk membuat mesin tersebut. 4) pengujian mesin yang telah dirancang. Telah dirancang mesin pengolah limbah kertas dan kain dengan kapasitas mesin crusher sebanyak 1200 gr/putaran, sebagai bahan baku eternity untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi industry eternit. Direncanakan kemampuan tenaga penggerak menggunakan motor listrik 6 PK, 3 phase putaran 1400 rpm, sehingga kapasitas maksimal mesin crusher sebesar 120 kg/jam. [Title: Machine Design of Cloth Fiber and Paper Wastes Conversion to Plasterboard]. Nowadays, UMKM industry producing plasterboard has been being developed in Kudus regency. The raw material used in producing plasterboard consists of cement and cloth fiber. On the other hand, there are also many garment industries developed in Langgar Dalem, Loram Wetan, Loram Kulon, Megawon, Klumpit, Undaan and many more which result in cloth waste. Therefore, innovation is needed to make use of those abundant raw material in order to fulfil the need of UKM in producing plasterboard. This research is aimed at designing a model of a processor machine for processing cloth and paper waste into basic material for producing plasterboard, with capacity of 1200gr / round. This machine’s propulsion uses 6 PK elcetric motor, 3 round phases 1400 rpm, so that the maximum capacity of the crusher machine will be 120 kg / hour. The research methods used are: 1) doing survey on raw material supply, includes cloth or paper waste, and analysing the quality of their fiber; 2) designing a model of a processor machine for cloth and paper waste; 3) determining what components are needed as well as the the readiness of supporting laboratory which will be used to build the machine; 4) testing the machine once it is built. This machine is used as a basic tool to produce plasterboard. With this machine, it is expected that the plasterboard production will increase significantly. This machine’s propulsion is designed to use 6 PK electric motor, 3 round phases 1400 rpm, so that the maximum capacity of the crusher machine will be 120 kg / hour.

Precision machine design assistant: A constraint-based tool for the design and evaluation of precision machine tool concepts

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRADLEY S. HOMANN ◽  
ANNA C. THORNTON
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Machine Error ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Computational Environment ◽  
Precision Machine ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Error Motion ◽  
Precision Machines

Precision machines are necessary to manufacture parts and subassemblies that require tight tolerances. During the design of precision machines, like any design, it is critical that the best concept is chosen in the early stages of the design process because 80% of the final cost and quality of a product are designed in at this phase. In addition, changes and optimization late in the design process have limited impact on cost and quality. Typically, during the design of precision machines, engineers and skilled machinists develop several machine concepts and down select based on heuristics and past design experience rather than quantitative measures. This paper describes a computation tool, Precision Machine Design Assistant (PMDA), which automates basic machine error simulation and concept evaluation. The tool uses a combination of machine error motion modelling and constraint-based design methods. By combining these methods in a computational environment, multiple machine concepts may be rapidly modeled, analyzed, and compared. The goal of the program is to assist the designer in the selection of a superior concept for detail design. The PMDA methods and implementation are demonstrated in an example.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Material dan Desain yang Inovatif serta Kreatif

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Budi Haryono ◽  
Rizal Dwi Bayuna ◽  
Syahrul Mahfudli Rohman ◽  
Adetia Rizki Wardana ◽  
Nashirul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: Material selection and innovative and creative designs are needed as a medium for reducing production costs by changing the design of a product but still paying attention to the safety of its users. The problem that occurs in the surrounding community is the lack of public knowledge about the selection of materials that can risk accidents that will be experienced by users which can be caused by the material not being strong enough to support the load it gets. Innovative and creative design aims to reduce the mass of the material but still refers to user safety. Inappropriate design can increase the risk of accidents and wasted costs in the production process. The method used in this community service is a material selection workshop and an introduction to machine design using solidworks software. Therefore, this community service will greatly help the community in the Karang-tempel Village, East Semarang District, increase their insight into the selection of materials and innovative designs as an increase in the quality of production and ensure the safety of users.          Keywords: creative; desain; inovative; material selection; workshop Abstrak: Pemilihan material dan desain yang inovatif dan kreatif sangat diperlukan sebagai media pengurangan biaya produksi dengan merubah rancangan suatu produk akan tetapi tetap memperhatikan keselamatan dari penggunanya. Permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat sekitar akan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemilihan material yang dapat berisiko akan terjadinya kecelakaan yang akan dialami pengguna yang dapat disebabkan oleh material tidak cukup kuat untuk menopang beban yang didapatkannya. Desain yang inovatif dan kreatif bertujuan sebagai pengurangan massa dari material akan tetapi tetap merujuk kepada keselamatan pengguna. Desain yang tidak sesuai dapat meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan dan pemborosan biaya pada proses produksi. Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah workshop pemilihan material dan pengenalan rancang bangun mesin menggunakan software solidworks. Oleh karena itu pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan sangat membantu mas-yarakat di lingkungan kelurahan Karang-tempel, kecamatan Semarang Timur untuk menambah     wawasannya terhadap pemilihan material dan desain yang inovatif sebagai peningkatan kualitas hasil produksi dan menjamin keselamatan dari pengguna.Kata kunci: desain; inovatif; kreatif; pemilihan material; workshop

Application of Computer Technology in the Simulation Process of Machine Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
pp. 217-219
Author(s):  
Yao Wu Zhu ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Mechanical products are becoming increasingly precise after industrial revolutions. Design is important for the manufacture of those products. Good mechanical design can improve the quality of product, and the efficiency of manufacture. To find the problems in the design and then improve the design, it needed the simulation process after the mechanical design was completed. Computer technologies in simulation process, such as software technology and virtual technology, were deeply studied in this work which combined practice with the concept and characteristics of machine design.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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