China’s Financial System: Past Reforms, Future Ambitions and Current State

2014 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Patrick Hess
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Directions of adaptation of the financial legislation of Ukraine to the EU legislation taking into account implementation of the concept of a new innovative model of the state management of financial system of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
V.V. Sukhonos ◽  
Y.V. Harust ◽  
T.A. Vasilieva ◽  
V.I. Melnyk ◽  
V.V. Mirgorod-Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
System Management ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Management ◽  
Current State

The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of one of the most pressing problems of Ukraine - problematic aspects of its economic security. The authors cover the current state of Ukraine's economy and analyze the views of domestic and foreign scholars on overcoming the economic crisis in the country. The current state of legal support of the foundations of financial and economic security of Ukraine is studied. The emphasis is on the crucial role of reforming and creating a new concept of the financial system of Ukraine. The foreign experience of ensuring the economic security of the country is analyzed. The paper plays a crucial role in reforming the system of public authorities in order to reduce the corruption element in public processes. The authors define that the financial system is a significant social sphere in society, on the state of which depends not only the economic security and reliability of the country, but also the potential of the state on the world stage as a whole. That is why the article focuses on the development of a new effective concept that would restructure the entire sector of the financial system of the state should be a priority in state and regional policy. This determines the urgency of studying the main problems and shortcomings of the current financial system of Ukraine, as well as the objective need to introduce a new concept of economic security of Ukraine. The Concept proposes ways to optimize the activities and structure of the subjects of financial system management in Ukraine, coordination and interaction between them. Proposals are provided for improving the administrative legislation that defines liability for financial offenses. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of financial system management are outlined. The concept envisages reforming the bodies of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Tax Service of Ukraine, the State Customs Service, the State Fiscal Service, the State Audit Office, the Financial Monitoring Service, the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine. state policy in the field of economy and finance, ensuring the economic security of the country, combating economic crime, reducing the shadow economy, control over the completeness of customs and tax revenues, as well as the effective use of the State budget.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR RESTORING THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
N. Shmygol ◽  
O. Galtsova ◽  
D. Krylov ◽  
A. Semenov ◽  
K. Shaposhnykov
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Current State ◽  
Made In ◽  
Integral Indicator

Abstract.In the modern period of economic governance, the assessment of the financial security of the state takes place in different directions, different groups of indicators, different methods. Mainly in scientific works, there is a desire for bringing the various components of the assessment of financial security to an integral indicator, taking into account the normalized values of individual indicators, which requires an assessment of their weight and always contains certain subjectivity through the involvement of experts in this process. Considering that the financial system of any country is the basis for the functioning of the economy, and Ukraine has a complex of accumulated socio-economic problems that constantly accompany it, this predetermines the high relevance of this area of research in recent decades. Considering approaches to assessing the level of financial and economic security, it is necessary to refer to the Methodological Recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine, in which for this purpose the method of reconciling their estimates with individual systems of advantages that are not publicly available was used. Therefore, in this study, when forming this system of preferences, which affects the direction of the formation of the national strategy of financial and economic security, it is proposed to use the existing cause-and-effect relationships between its components. Taking into account these cause-and-effect relationships and according to the introduced symbols, a matrix of paired comparisons was done by expert means, which determines the direct impact of some components of the country’s financial security on others. The analysis which is made in the article it possible to assess the dynamics in all areas of financial security on the basis of group indicators and identify the most problematic indicators. On the other hand, such an assessment does not give an idea of which risk zone certain indicators belong to, since each of them has its own limits of acceptable values, which is indicated in the article. This direction requires further research and will help determine whether the current state of the state’s financial security belongs to a particular risk zone. Keywords: assessment of financial security, financial system, integral indicator, budget security, currency security. JEL Classіfіcatіon G17, E22, E66 Formulas: 2; fig.: 0; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 20.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of cryptocurrency in public monetary circulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
G. G. Danilyants ◽  
M. V. Volik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Monetary Circulation

The modern world is changing rapidly. Digitalization is becoming more and more important and penetrates into all spheres of society. The digital transformation of financial and monetary processes and systems deserves special attention. It is important to determine the place and role of the state in the regulation of these processes. This paper examines the current state and prospects of using cryptocurrency as an element of monetary circulation. Analysis of the dynamics of the bitcoin rate showed that the use of cryptocurrencies is promising. However, it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework. The introduction and use of the national cryptocurrency in Russia will stabilize the state of the financial system in relation to the dollar, ensure the safety of economic development and reduce transaction costs. 

scholarly journals Socio–demographic Impacts on the Personal Savings Portfolio Choice - a Decision Tree Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Portfolio Choice ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Personal Savings ◽  
Decision Tree Method

Insufficiently developed financial system, poor standard of living and inappropriate education of citizens on the saving products, lead to low level of investment in the financial market of developing countries. In this paper special attention is paid to examining the socio-demographic profile of Montenegrin citizens that invest their funds in some of the offered form of savings, as well as examining main factors that restrict their investment. For this purpose, data collected through the survey of Montenegrin citizens were processed using Decision Tree method. Survey results have shown that there is a low level of savings, as well as that citizens prefer deposits and life insurance products rather than pension plans and debt securities. Also, the results indicate that the main causes of the current state of savings in Montenegro are low standard of living, citizens´ poor awareness and the financial system which causes the insufficiently attractive supply of savings.

scholarly journals MODERN CONDITION AND ROLE OF MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
MEDEA CHELIDZE ◽  
TAMARI BERIDZE ◽  
BELLA GODERDZISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Predatory Lending ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Developed Countries

The financial companies have hold an important position in the Georgian financial industry, and for this reason, their regulation is an essential issue, which should continue at least in the same manner. In the developed countries the non-bank sector plays an important role in the development of financial sector as well as the whole economy, which we cannot say about Georgia, due to the obvious dominance of commercial banks in the country. The aim of our study is to identify the role of microfinance organizations in the financial system of Georgia, and also to show the current state of this market segment. The article is based on the newest references and rich factual materials. The object of the research is microfinance organizations and the degree of their regulation by the state. The National Bank of Georgia has a full authority to supervise the work of commercial banks, non-bank deposit institutions, microfinance organizations and other organizations, envisaged by the law. The majority of the institutions with microfinance organization status, registered at the National Bank of Georgia, are consumer finance companies with their content. Their work is absolutely legitimate, however, the issuance of the loans are based not on the customer’s finance analysis, but the evaluation of a subject or property, presented for the loan insurance, and the funds are not directed to finance the business, but for the customer’s needs. The financial companies have hold important position in the Georgian financial industry, and for this reason, their regulation is an essential issue, which should continue at least in the same manner. It is problematic that currently many financial companies, pawnshops, internet-lenders or private individuals that are left beyond regulations. There is no guarantee the customers› rights will be protected when the work of the financial intermediaries is not regulated. Such circumstances create a threat to the spread of predatory lending practices in the market, the victim of which becomes the unaware customer. The results show that it is important to take more active steps on the part of supervisory organizations to develop the segment of microfinance organizations, so as not to reduce their role and importance in the financial system.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

Recent applications of TEM to the study of interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
High Resolution Images

This paper will review the current state of understanding of interface structure and highlight some of the future needs and problems which must be overcome. The study of this subject can be separated into three different topics: 1) the fundamental electron microscopy aspects, 2) material-specific features of the study and 3) the characteristics of the particular interfaces. The two topics which are relevant to most studies are the choice of imaging techniques and sample preparation. The techniques used to study interfaces in the TEM include high-resolution imaging, conventional diffraction-contrast imaging, and phase-contrast imaging (Fresnel fringe images, diffuse scattering). The material studied affects not only the characteristics of the interfaces (through changes in bonding, etc.) but also the method used for sample preparation which may in turn have a significant affect on the resulting image. Finally, the actual nature and geometry of the interface must be considered. For example, it has become increasingly clear that the plane of the interface is particularly important whenever at least one of the adjoining grains is crystalline.A particularly productive approach to the study of interfaces is to combine different imaging techniques as illustrated in the study of grain boundaries in alumina. In this case, the conventional imaging approach showed that most grain boundaries in ion-thinned samples are grooved at the grain boundary although the extent of this grooving clearly depends on the crystallography of the surface. The use of diffuse scattering (from amorphous regions) gives invaluable information here since it can be used to confirm directly that surface grooving does occur and that the grooves can fill with amorphous material during sample preparation (see Fig. 1). Extensive use of image simulation has shown that, although information concerning the interface can be obtained from Fresnel-fringe images, the introduction of artifacts through sample preparation cannot be lightly ignored. The Fresnel-fringe simulation has been carried out using a commercial multislice program (TEMPAS) which was intended for simulation of high-resolution images.

Proteasome inhibitors as therapeutics

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Constantine S. Mitsiades ◽  
Nicholas Mitsiades ◽  
Teru Hideshima ◽  
Paul G. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Clinical Research Data

The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is a principle intracellular mechanism for controlled protein degradation and has recently emerged as an attractive target for anticancer therapies, because of the pleiotropic cell-cycle regulators and modulators of apoptosis that are controlled by proteasome function. In this chapter, we review the current state of the field of proteasome inhibitors and their prototypic member, bortezomib, which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced multiple myeloma. Particular emphasis is placed on the pre-clinical research data that became the basis for eventual clinical applications of proteasome inhibitors, an overview of the clinical development of this exciting drug class in multiple myeloma, and a appraisal of possible uses in other haematological malignancies, such non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

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