Socio-Economic Effects of the Sugarcane-to-Ethanol Production Chain in Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
pp. 215-231
Author(s):  
Abigail Fallot ◽  
Adriana Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Production Chain

Analysis of the ethanol production chain in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
A Longhi ◽  
G Vaccaro ◽  
T Fleck ◽  
K Roos ◽  
D Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Production Chain

scholarly journals Economic Effects of Biofuel Production on States and Rural Communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe L. Parcell ◽  
Patrick Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Incentive Payments

This study summarizes research on farm-, local-, regional-, and macro-level economic effects of ethanol production. Given current production levels, the ethanol production industry annually employees approximately 3,500 workers, pays out nearly $132 million in worker salaries, generates over $110 million in local taxes, and takes in some $2 billion in government incentive payments. Projections for a 60 million gallon per year ethanol plant indicate an annual increase in corn usage of 21 million bushels, a one-time capitalization of $75 million, an increase in local corn prices of between $0.06/bushel and $0.12/bushel, a 54 direct and a 210 indirect jobs created, an increase in local tax revenues of $1.2 million, a decrease in federal commodity program outlays of $30 million, and an increase in ethanol production incentives (federal only) of around $30.5 million.

scholarly journals Sustainability of grape-ethanol energy chain

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ester Foppa Pedretti ◽  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Giovanni Riva ◽  
Andrea Pizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Production ◽  
Energy Chain ◽  
Intermediate Situation ◽  
Transformation Processes

The aim of this work is to evaluate the sustainability, in terms of greenhouse gases emission saving, of a new potential bio-ethanol production chain in comparison with the most common ones. The innovation consists of producing bio-ethanol from different types of no-food grapes, while usually bio-ethanol is obtained from matrices taken away from crop for food destination: sugar cane, corn, wheat, sugar beet. In the past, breeding programs were conducted with the aim of improving grapevine characteristics, a large number of hybrid vine varieties were produced and are nowadays present in the Viticulture Research Centre (CRA-VIT) Germplasm Collection. Some of them are potentially interesting for bio-energy production because of their high production of sugar, good resistance to diseases, and ability to grow in marginal lands. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of grape ethanol energy chain was performed following two different methods: i) using the spreadsheet <em>BioGrace</em>, developed within the <em>Intelligent Energy Europe</em> program to support and to ease the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC implementation; ii) using a dedicated LCA software. Emissions were expressed in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>eq). These two tools gave very similar results. The overall emissions impact of ethanol production from grapes on average is about 33 g CO<sub>2</sub>eq MJ<sup>–1</sup> of ethanol if prunings are used for steam production and 53 g CO<sub>2</sub>eq MJ<sup>–1</sup> of ethanol if methane is used. The comparison with other bio-energy chains points out that the production of ethanol using grapes represents an intermediate situation in terms of general emissions among the different production chains. The results showed that the sustainability limits provided by the normative are respected to this day. On the contrary, from 2017 this production will be sustainable only if the transformation processes will be performed using renewable sources of energy.

scholarly journals Characterization of the animal by-product meal industry in Costa Rica: Manufacturing practices through the production chain and food safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2159-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leiva ◽  
F. Granados-Chinchilla ◽  
M. Redondo-Solano ◽  
M. Arrieta-González ◽  
E. Pineda-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Production Chain

scholarly journals Interregional assessment of socio-economic effects of sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnix L.J. Brinkman ◽  
Marcelo P. da Cunha ◽  
Sanne Heijnen ◽  
Birka Wicke ◽  
Joaquim J.M. Guilhoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Economic Effects

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in by-products of processed rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila da Silva Turini ◽  
Roberta Martins Nogueira ◽  
Evaldo Martins Pires ◽  
Juliana da Silva Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: Over post-harvest steps of rice, from pre-cleaning to processing, a large amount of by-product is generated. Some of these by-products, due to their high starch and fiber content can be used in ethanol production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions on the production of reducing sugars, from pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, as well as the effect of the pre-treatment of its fibers, targeting the use of these residues in ethanol fuel production. The proximate analysis was performed, followed by the pre-treatment of samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted in two ways: using one enzyme at a time or applying them simultaneously. The starch content was 41.18 and 53.41%; the fibers were 30.44 and 23.39%, of which 6.53 and 4.41% were lignin, for the pre-cleaning residue and paddy rice, respectively. Alkaline pre-treatment reduce lignin content by 47.94 and 18.23% for the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. Hydrolysis efficiency was 22.61 and 15.32% for the cellulase enzyme, and 82.18 and 87.07% for the amylolytic enzymes in the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. The hydrolysis with the separated enzymes presented higher reducing sugar yields. Therefore, the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice can be used for ethanol production by its enzymatic hydrolysis, aiming to add value and to increase the sustainability of the rice production chain.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of land-use, energy and water systems for ethanol production from sugarcane in Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Gabriela Pena Balderrama ◽  
Dilip Khatiwada ◽  
Francesco Gardumi ◽  
Thomas Alfstad ◽  
Silvia Ulloa Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Production Chain

Abstract The use of biomass for renewable energy production is one alternative to reduce the environmental impacts of energy production worldwide. Sugarcane-based ethanol is one of the most widespread biofuels in the road transport sector and its development has been encouraged by strong incentives on production and use in several countries. The growing realization on the environmental impacts of ethanol production indicates the need to increase the efficient utilization of biomass resources by optimizing the production chain sustainably. This paper evaluates enhancements in the ethanol production chain quantitatively by identifying opportunities for agricultural intensification and investments in advanced biorefineries in a least-cost optimization model. Results of our model show that significant cost and environmental benefits can be achieved by modernizing sugarcane agriculture in Bolivia. Demands for ethanol and sugar can be met cost-effectively by increasing sugarcane yields from the current country-average of 55.34 ton/ha to 85.7 ton/ha in 2030 with a moderate cropland expansion of 11.4 thousand hectares in the period 2019-2030. Our results further suggest that it is cost-optimal to invest in efficient cogeneration in biorefineries to maximize the renewable energy output and the economic benefits of sugarcane ethanol. Finally, biofuel support in the range of 8-10 US$/GJ is required for investments in second-generation ethanol in biorefineries to be cost-competitive in the medium-term..

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Arcobacter Species from Costa Rican Poultry Production and Retail Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Barboza ◽  
Irina Angulo ◽  
Leana Zumbado ◽  
Mauricio Redondo-Solano ◽  
Eduardo Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT Arcobacter is a gram-negative rod recognized as a potential food- and waterborne pathogen; nevertheless, little is known about the effects of this pathogen on human and animal health. Although Arcobacter species are commonly found in nature, poultry is suspected to be the main vehicle for the transmission of this pathogen. The aims of this work were to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in broilers produced in Costa Rica for human consumption and to analyze the pathogenic capacity of the isolates through the detection of virulence genes. One hundred fifty-two samples of cecal content (87 farms), 104 samples of carcass rinse after chiller (six processing plants), and 96 carcass rinses from as many retail stores were analyzed. The suspicious isolates were identified using genus-specific PCR, and species-level identification was achieved with a multiplex PCR. Virulence genes were identified using the protocol described by L. Douidah, L. de Zutter, J. Baré, P. De Vos, P. Vandamme, O. Vandenberg, A.-M. Van den Abeele, and K. Houf (J. Clin. Microbiol. 50:735–741, 2012), which includes nine different virulence genes. The overall isolation frequency of Arcobacter was 6.5% (n = 23). Eight (34.8%) of the isolates came from cecal content, 2 (8.7%) were isolated from samples taken after chiller, and 13 (56.5%) were from retail stores. The species isolated included A. thereius (30.4%), A. butzleri (21.7%), A. skirrowii (4.3%), and A. cibarius (4.3%). The remaining samples were classified as Arcobacter sp. Gene tlyA was the most prevalent virulence gene, present in 9 of 23 samples analyzed; genes hecA and pldA were present in one only strain each. A strain of A. butzleri isolated from a retail store presented the highest number of virulence genes (five), and 11 samples did not present any of the genes analyzed. The results obtained suggest that the presence of virulent Arcobacter isolates in the poultry production chain from Costa Rica could be a risk for individuals who consume the contaminated product.

Arcobacter Isolation from Minced Beef Samples in Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Córdoba-Calderón ◽  
Mauricio Redondo-Solano ◽  
Eduardo Castro-Arias ◽  
María Laura Arias-EchandI
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT The presence of Arcobacter spp. in minced meat (including beef) samples has been well documented in different countries, with varying frequencies. Nevertheless, the only Latin American country reporting this bacterium in minced beef samples is Mexico, with a 28.8% frequency in 2003. Previous studies in Costa Rica have demonstrated the presence of Arcobacter species in samples taken from the poultry production chain, but still there are no studies performed in bovine meat. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of this bacterium in 120 samples of minced beef acquired from the Central Valley region of Costa Rica and to describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates obtained. A total of 75 different Arcobacter strains were isolated from minced beef samples, for a final frequency of 48.3%. After species PCR identification, the strains were classified as A. butzleri (37.3%), A. cibarius (14.7%), A. thereius (12%), and Arcobacter spp. (36%). All samples were sensitive to gentamicin but were resistant to ampicillin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The results obtained in this study show that the frequency of isolation of Arcobacter in minced beef samples is high and that there is a high resistance rate for antibiotics in common use. This suggests that Arcobacter represents a health risk for Costa Rica and that control measures should be developed to decrease its potential impact.

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of bio-ethanol from wheat grain and straw produced in the south-eastern USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. PERSSON ◽  
A. GARCIA Y GARCIA ◽  
J. O. PAZ ◽  
C. W. FRAISSE ◽  
G. HOOGENBOOM
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
The South ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Usa

SUMMARYBiofuels can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by replacing fossil fuels. However, the energy yield from agronomic crops varies due to local climate, weather and soil variability. A variation in the yield of raw material used (feedstock) could also cause variability in GHG reductions if biofuels are used. The goal of the present study was to determine the net reduction of GHG emissions if ethanol from wheat produced in different regions of the south-eastern USA is used as an alternative to gasoline from fossil fuel sources. Two scenarios were investigated; the first included ethanol produced from grain only, and the second included ethanol produced from both grain and wheat straw. Winter wheat yield was simulated with the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Wheat model for climate, soil and crop management representing six counties in the following USA states: Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Ethanol production was determined from the simulated grain and straw yields together with fixed grain and straw yield ethanol ratios. Subsequently, net reductions in GHG emissions were determined by accounting for the emissions from the replaced gasoline, and by animal feed and electricity that were replaced by ethanol processing co-products. Greenhouse gases that were emitted in the ethanol production chain were also taken into account. Across all locations, the reduction in GHG emissions was 187 g CO2-equivalents/km in the grain-only scenario and 208 g CO2-equivalents/km in the grain and straw scenario. The reductions in GHG emissions varied significantly between locations and growing seasons within the two scenarios. Similar approaches could be applied to assess the environmental impact of GHG emissions from other biofuels.

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