scholarly journals Uzbekistan: Higher Education Reforms and the Changing Landscape Since Independence

2018 ◽  
pp. 435-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobil Ruziev ◽  
Umar Burkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Higher Education Reforms ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The One

AbstractThis chapter is the first study that carefully documents higher education (HE) reforms in Uzbekistan since the demise of the former Soviet Union. It analyses evolution of the sector with clear emphasis on government policy and its impact on changing the country’s higher education landscape since independence. The study highlights complex interactions between the distinct pre- and post-independence contexts, policy legislation and its implementation on the one hand, and the demands of the new market-based economic system and the requirements of building and strengthening state institutions to support the transition process on the other hand. The paper will show why the country’s peculiar ‘strictly top-down’ approach to reforms has not been successful in improving a number of key areas including access to higher education, and human as well as physical capacities of higher education institutions which ultimately determine the quality of higher education provisioning.

scholarly journals O movimento do acesso ao ensino superior em Portugal de 1960 a 2017: Uma análise ecológica

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leanete Thomas Dotta ◽  
Amélia Lopes ◽  
Carlinda Leite
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Access Policies ◽  
Over Time

Globally, the expansion of investments in the field of higher education, which stems from both the demands of the economic sector and the growing appreciation of the social dimension of knowledge, implies mobilization within the scope of access to this level of education. If, on the one hand, access policies play a central role, on the other hand, the interactions of individuals in the different environments of which they are part cannot be disregarded. The aim of this paper, from a socio-ecological perspective, was to analyse the movements of access to higher education in Portugal from 1960 to 2017. The interpretation of data on access and legislation on higher education in that period, in relation to the literature review outcomes, made it possible to identify moments of expansion and retraction of access to higher education in Portugal. It was at the confluence of a set of more or less favorable factors that the distinct movements of access originated over time. This confluence of factors led individuals to shape and reshape their aspirations concerning their entry to higher education. 

scholarly journals Armenia as a Regional Centre for Astronomy for Development activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (H16) ◽  
pp. 565-565
Author(s):  
A. Mickaelian
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
East Region ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Summer Schools ◽  
The One ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Virtual Observatories ◽  
Observational Instruments

AbstractThe Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO, Armenia, http://www.bao.am) are among the candidate IAU Regional Nodes for Astronomy for Development activities. It is one of the main astronomical centers of the former Soviet Union and the Middle East region. At present there are 48 qualified researchers at BAO, including six Doctors of Science and 30 PhDs. Five important observational instruments are installed at BAO, the larger ones being 2.6m Cassegrain (ZTA-2.6) and 1m Schmidt (the one that provided the famous Markarian survey). BAO is regarded as a national scientific-educational center, where a number of activities are being organized, such as: international conferences (4 IAU symposia and 1 IAU colloquium, JENAM-2007, etc.), small workshops and discussions, international summer schools (1987, 2006, 2008 and 2010), and Olympiads. BAO collaborates with scientists from many countries. The Armenian Astronomical Society (ArAS, http://www.aras.am/) is an NGO founded in 2001; it has 93 members and it is rather active in the organization of educational, amateur, popular, promotional and other matters. The Armenian Virtual Observatory (ArVO, http://www.aras.am/Arvo/arvo.htm) is one of the 17 national VO projects forming the International Virtual Observatories Alliance (IVOA) and is the only VO project in the region serving also for educational purposes. A number of activities are planned, such as management, coordination and evaluation of the IAU programs in the area of development and education, establishment of the new IAU endowed lectureship program and organization of seminars and public lectures, coordination and initiation of fundraising activities for astronomy development, organization of regional scientific symposia, conferences and workshops, support to Galileo Teacher Training Program (GTTP), production/publication of educational and promotional materials, etc.

Writing the Intifada Collective Action in the Occupied Territories

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Lustick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
West Bank And Gaza ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The five-year-old Palestinian uprising, the intifada, was the first of many mass mobilizations against nondemocratic rule to appear in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and the former Soviet Union between 1987 and 1991. Although the Palestinian struggle against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is seldom included by the media or by social scientists in their treatments of this putative wave of “democratization,” many studies of the uprising are available. Although largely atheoretic in their construction of the intifada and in their explanations for it, the two general questions posed by most of these authors are familiar to students of collective action and revolution. On the one hand, why did it take twenty years for the Palestinians to launch the uprising? On the other hand, how, in light of the individual costs of participation and the negligible impact of any one person's decision to participate, could it have occurred at all? The work under review provides broad support for recent trends in the analysis of revolution and collection action, while illustrating both the opportunities and the constraints associated with using monographic literature as a data base.

scholarly journals Early Transition Trends and Differences of Higher Education Attainment in the Former Soviet Union, Central and Eastern European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Terama ◽  
Anu Kõu ◽  
KC Samir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Higher Education Attainment ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The past trends in tertiary education attainment of selected post-communist countries are investigated through population projections. Did a common higher education policy manifest itself through attainment levels, and how did the situation change after the collapse of the Soviet regime? The approach is based on comprehensive back-projections ranging from year 2000 to 1970. Descriptive findings for most countries show that the level of tertiary education attainment for women has surpassed that of men sooner than in Western Europe. Results are discussed in light of individual countries’ pre-war higher education models and former communist policy, and possible implications are derived for future study of higher education attainment.

scholarly journals Horvátország európai integrációja a makroökonómiai mutatók tükrében

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Balázs Kotosz
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Growth Differences

The collapse of communist economies in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union, as well as their subsequent transition towards market economies, was arguably one of the most far-reaching economic events of the 20lh century. Pain accom panied the economic transition process; all countries experienced a major fall in output after the start of reforms. The growth performance in transition economies was widely different by countries. The paper is looking for the reasons of the growth differences. Even if the initial conditions did not give the same possibilities to governments, early reforms has opened the way to market processes, which seems to be more efficient than state owned institutions in transition economies. In this context, the lower is the state participation, the highest is growth. Empirical analyses justify that GDP growth is higher in countries where state reallocation is decreasing and where tight fiscal policy has been kept.)

ASSESSMENT AND ACCREDITATION STATUS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL: AN ANALYSIS

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Dr. Niladri Pradhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
The One ◽  
North Bengal

The primary goal of this research is to examine and compare the overall quality of higher education institutions' results. In terms of research methodology, it falls under the category of descriptive comparative status studies. In the state of West Bengal, 218 colleges affiliated with seven universities were purposefully chosen as samples. The data is analysed using qualitative statistical methods such as percentages and graphical representations. It was discovered that 43.26 percent of colleges received a B score. It's also worth noting that 1.08 percent and 3.57 percent of colleges affiliated with Calcutta University and Vidyasagar University, respectively, have earned A++ and A+ accreditation. On the one hand, colleges affiliated with four universities (Burdwan University, North Bengal University, West Bengal State University, and Kalyani University) have received A, B++, B+, B to C grades, while colleges affiliated with two universities (Calcutta University and Vidyasagar University) have received A++, A+, A, B++, B+, B to C grades. As a result of the results, it is possible to infer that many colleges' success levels in terms of quality are not up to par.

CALLex: a CALL game to study lexical relationships based on a semantic database

ReCALL ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Henriëtte Visser
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
Student Input ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Semantic Database

This paper presents the prototype of CALLex, a program for learning lexical functions, created by a project funded by INTAS, a European organisation promoting cooperation between the European Union and the states of the former Soviet Union, developed by the Laboratory of Computational Linguistics at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, supported by the universities of Klagenfurt, Austria and Heidelberg, Germany. The goal of the program is to facilitate language learning through several linguistic games in order to improve the lexical command of the language studied. The CALLex games access a lexico-semantic database consisting of two dictionaries, Russian and German, each containing roughly 1000 lexemes. The lexical functions cover a wide variety of lexical relationships, which can be roughly divided into three major groups: (1) collocations, which are syntagmatic relationships, such as ‘do x, nave x, or being in the state of x’, (trade) = conduct (trade) or (anger) = feel (anger), (2) substitutions, i.e. paradigmatic relationships, e.g. ‘a lexeme whose meaning is opposite to x’, (appear) = disappear, (courage) = cowardice, and (3) other prototypical relationships, ‘head of what is denoted by x’, (university) = rector, (tribe) = chief. While studying the combinatorial capabilities of a word and its most ‘idiomatic’ collocations, the student can get a feel for semantic fields and obtain structured access to the vocabulary and its syntactic expression in the foreign language. The strict separation of the CALL program and the underlying database facilitates the expansion of the linguistic resources on the one hand and the adaptation or the linguistic games to new didactic approaches on the other hand. This paper highlights the function of the database in the background of the program and the treatment of illrormed student input. Although some adjustments were made during the course of the project, a more flexible approach seems necessary. Here we envisage a component separate from, but interacting with the database, allowing for a more robust treatment of ill-formed input.

British—Russian Peer Education in Finance and Accounting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Morrison ◽  
John Struthers
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Know How ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship that exists between industry and higher education in the Western economies is being mirrored in the transforming economies of the former Soviet Union. This paper reports on a recent investigation into the professional and academic fields of finance and accounting and in particular into the work by British and Russian university peers. There are, however, general observations which would be applicable across all fields of expertise. The case is set within the context of a UK government ‘Know How Fund’ project. The authors argue that peer education has a significant role to play in providing a mechanism for knowledge transfer, both professional and academic. They further argue that this knowledge transfer is crucial to enterprise development within a developing market economy.

Academic Support for Enterprise in the Former Soviet Union

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Struthers ◽  
John Wylie ◽  
Alistair Young
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Educational Infrastructure ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
Two Sectors

The profound changes which are transforming the economies of the former Soviet Union have implications for the relationships between industry and higher education. This paper reports on a recent investigation of the interactions between the two sectors in a single Russian city. However, it is likely that the experience recorded may be of more general relevance. The authors argue that in the turbulent economic conditions prevailing in Russia (and, no doubt, in many other formerly centrally planned economies) academic institutions may play a crucial contributory role in enterprise development. This is true for the obvious (but nonetheless important) reason that academic institutions provide the necessary educational infrastructure; but it is also true, less obviously, because the creation of new enterprises depends on the establishment of effective ‘networks’, and academic institutions may play a central role in establishing such networks.

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