Regional Security in the Twenty-First Century’s South America: Economic, Energy, and Political Security in MERCOSUR and UNASUR

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Katharina L. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Security

scholarly journals US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Hino Samuel Jose ◽  
Laode Muhamad Fathun
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Regional Interest ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Political Security

The heated bilateral relation between Iran and the United States has brought the middle east into another level of problem. The divided geopolitical and regional interest of both countries has led to several and many multidimensional issues, ranging from political, security, and even to economic ones. This article discussed the Iran – US tension on their proxy conflict in the Middle East. This article employs the Regional Security Complex Theory to construct the events related to both states’ proxy conflicts. The polarized region for sure has drawn another line that seems to be more complexed for both countries to achieve mutual understanding and continued peacebuilding. The US withdrawal from JCPOA, killing of Soleimani, and Saudi Arabia – Iran Yemen proxy war exacerbated the status quo. This article perceived that the intertwined issues show how the traditional thought of security should be redefined as both countries try to gain bargaining power. Especially with Iran that was hindered very much by sanctions and embargo placed by the US. This article discusses many important issues on Iran, US, and Saudi Arabia involvement and their correlated dynamics within the UN. This article analyzed Trump’s leadership style in the Middle East and its implication from the proxy war to the Middle East security architecture.

scholarly journals A América do Sul como comunidade de segurança: região autônoma e construção de identidade/South Americ as security community: autonomous region and identity construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Lucas Amaral Batista Leite
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Autonomous Region

A recente constituição do Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS) proporcionou novos temas de estudo para pesquisadores da área de Segurança e Defesa. Tornou-se mister apreender de que forma os países da região buscam constituir-se como região e quais as implicações de uma identidade regional em Defesa, como propõem os documentos de fundação do CDS. Dessa forma, buscaremos analisar os documentos oficiais emitidos pelo CDS e, com o auxílio de instrumental teórico construtivista das Relações Internacionais, compará-los à narrativa proposta pelo ministro de Estado da Defesa brasileiro, Celso Amorim. A narrativa a a ser compreendida leva em conta os três principais documentos sobre Defesa no Brasil, tais quais a Política Nacional de Defesa (2005), a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (2008) e o Livro Branco de Defesa Nacional (2012), além de discursos relacionados à temática e disponíveis no sítio eletrônico do Ministério da Defesa brasileiro. Inicialmente, faremos uma apreciação teórica acerca dos estudos de Segurança e Defesa, apresentando conceitos e definições – em especial no que diz respeito à construção de ameaças no nível regional. Abordaremos, sinteticamente, ideias de autores como Karl Deutsch (1957), Adler e Barnett (1998), e Alex Bellamy (2004). Além disso, será importante resgatar o que propõe Robert Walker (1993) quanto às construções identitárias serem baseadas nos limites entre o interno/externo, em alusão não apenas à noção de fronteira mas ainda às separações identitárias construídas nesse ínterim.Palavras-chave: América do Sul; Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano; Identidade. Abstract: We seek to understand how the discourse of security and regional defense is employed by the former Brazilian Minister of Defense, Celso Amorim, is his official speeches, and the main documents published by the Ministry. It is our objective to establish the connections, similarities and diferences regarding the narratives about what seeks to constructo itself as a regional identity and the threats to this entity phisically and simbolically speaking. In this sense, we first theorically conceptualize the most importante terms and discussions to be presented afterwards – especially what regards to the ontological and epistemological positioning of the theories. We briefly discuss about the security communitiees and the role of the regionalization in the construction of identities and threats, and, with all that set, seek to understand how Brazil constructs itself as an actor to what the state understand that is inside and outside.Key-words: South America; Ministry of Defense; Regional Security; Identity.DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n1p92-110 

scholarly journals O COMPLEXO REGIONAL DE SEGURANÇA DA AMÉRICA DO SUL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO CONSELHO DE DEFESA SUL-AMERICANO DA UNASUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Cadoná ◽  
Carolina De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Type Model ◽  
South American ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Creation

This article is the result of an investigation into the model of Regional SecurityComplex (RSC model in South America, especially since the creation of the SouthAmerican Defense Council (SDC), within UNASUR - Union of South AmericanNations. From a theoretical discussion on the Regional Security Complexes, it isargued that the recent South American experience affirmed an “extra type” model,since in its dynamics it is not identified a regional power that acts in a global leveldespite Brazilian’s greater economic expression in regional and international arena.

scholarly journals Handling Covid-19 Related to Regional Security According to ASEAN Political-Security Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Calvin Calvin
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
State Security ◽  
Political Security ◽  
International Instruments

INDONESIAN   Hadirnya COVID-19 menyebabkan kerugian yang sangat besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Salah satu aspek yang dimaksud adalah aspek keamanan negara, terutama di ASEAN. Hingga kini, belum ditemukan vaksin yang dapat sepenuhnya menyembuhkan COVID-19. Sehingga, tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja upaya penanganan yang telah dilakukan oleh negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara dalam aspek keamanan negara, dan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan menurut ASEAN Political-Security Community. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang meneliti peraturan perundang-undangan, sumber hukum internasional, doktrin, literatur, dan media lainnya. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, anggota ASEAN telah mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan dalam upaya penanganan COVID-19 seperti: travel ban, social distancing/ physical distancing, dan lockdown. Selain itu, upaya penanganan yang telah dilakukan oleh ASEAN Political-Security Community bersifat soft law.  Maka, diperlukannya itikad baik dan pengedepanan prinsip penanganan bersama dari anggota ASEAN dalam menjalankan isi dari pertemuan tersebut. ENGLISH The presence of COVID-19, caused enourmous losses to the society and nation in various aspects of life. One aspect which is meant is state security especially in ASEAN. Speaking of the present, no antidote has been completely found to cure COVID-19. This paper is made to find out what effort has been done by South East Asia countries in the aspect of state security, and to find out what effort has been done by ASEAN Political-Security Community. The author uses juridical-normative research method, which the author did the research based on national and international instruments of law, doctrines, literature and other medias. Based on the research results, ASEAN members  has issued various policies in purpose to deal with COVID-19 such as: travel ban, social distancing/ physical distancing, and lockdown. Furthermore, all efforts made by ASEAN Political-Security Community are categorized as soft law. Therefore, it requires good faith and prioritizing the principle of shared responsibility from the members in order to carrying out the contents of the meeting.

scholarly journals US Foreign Policy to South America since 9/11: Neglect or Militarisation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Livia Peres Milani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Academic literature on US Foreign Policy to South America usually states its lack of attention to the region in the post 9/11 period. I aim to problematize this assertion through an analysis of US regional security policy. Therefore, I consider data referring to military and economic assistance, arms transfers, and the SOUTHCOM position towards its area of responsibility, as well as official documents and diplomatic cables. I conclude that, although the region was not a priority, a waning in US actions or a moment of neglect in its policy towards it was likewise not observed. From a historical perspective, the area was never the main focus of attention, but there is a specialized bureaucracy that works on the region to maintain US hegemony. Therefore, the investigation indicates that Latin American assertiveness during the 2000s was caused primarily by the conjunction of the ascension of leftist governments and quest for autonomy, as well as by Chinese and Russian involvement in Latin America, but not by US neglect. The article is divided into six sections, including the introduction and final remarks. Following the introduction, I analyse the academic literature regarding USA-Latin American relations in the second section, the US assistance in the third, the SOUTHCOM postures in the fourth, and the strategies deployed by the USA regarding great powers and arms transfers in the fifth. Finally, I present the final remarks.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Regional Security Complex Theory: A South American view between 2008-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Tamires Aparecida Ferreira Souza
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Regional Interaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Argument

With this article, we propose to reformulate the Regional Security Complex Theory, by Buzan and Waever, through a South American vision, with the time frame 2008-2016. To this end, we will analyse South America through Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, and their forms of intra and extra-regional interaction, highlighting the Colombia-United States relations, and the South American Defence Council, of the Union of South American Nations. This article is divided into a first section marked by an understanding of the Regional Complex Theory, in which we present and discuss its theoretical elements and weaknesses, and propose theoretical changes that will guide our analysis. The second section contains information about the South American Complex in the academic view, focusing on the arguments of Buzan and Waever. In the third section, we present the South American Regional Security Complex restructured, as well as the analysis of its dynamics. The central argument of the article is the need to reformulate the Theory in question for a better understanding of the complexities and unique characteristics of South America.

Military and Political Security of Central Asia and CSTO Role in Its Provision

2012 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
M. Basharat’yan
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Security Treaty ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Security

Since early 2000s, the countries of Central Asia increasingly make an emphasis on the broad multilateral cooperation in the security sphere. It is planned to provide so the regional security in the face of the rise of international terrorism and extremism. In this regard, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is likely to play an important role. The article considers the formation of the system of collective security in Central Asia, the functions and tasks of the CSTO and other peace organizations in the region.

scholarly journals THE TRANSATLANTIC NARCO-NEXUS: SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA, AND EUROPE IN THE CONTEMPORARY DRUG-TRAFFICKING DYNAMICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-394
Author(s):  
Thiago Rodrigues ◽  
Carol Viviana Porto ◽  
Adriano de Freixo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
South American ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Drug Trafficking Organizations ◽  
History Of

The article analyzes the contemporary transatlantic flow of illegal drugs, taking on account the current transformation of the connections among South American, African and European Drug-Trafficking Organizations (ODTs) and the tendency to securitize this traffic which interests the Brazilian public, national and regional security and diplomatic policies. The article presents a history of the transatlantic drug-trafficking and the its contemporary contours in order to suggest viable initiatives to cope with this new and aggravated panorama pushed through by the so-called “war on drugs”.

scholarly journals Inter and intrastate conflicts nexus: The Colombian Peace process, as a means to prevent interstate conflicts in South America and rethink regional security

OPERA ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Sandra Montoya
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
South America ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
International Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
Intrastate Conflicts ◽  
Interstate Conflicts

The Colombian internal conflict case provides useful scenarios, realities and dynamics for nourishing the debate between those who treat internal and interstate conflicts as disconnected or totally independent phenomena and those who argue the frequent links between them. This policy paper is situated in the latter school of thought, and from that angle I shall argue the usefulness of perceiving the nexus between intrastate and interstate conflicts, and its applicability to the Colombian internal conflict. The paper highlights the importance of taking into account the strong nexus in order to prevent international disputes that put regional security at risk; it also suggests that the current Colombian peace process represents an historic opportunity for Colombia –and a great challenge for the Colombian society– while at the same time being an opportunity for thinking about a shared future in the South America region, which challenges the Colombian state and its performance at the international level. 

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