Role of Sample Size and Determinants in Granularity of Contingency Matrix

2008 ◽  
pp. 405-421
Author(s):  
Shusaku Tsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Contingency Matrix

The role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress among teachers in Sabah

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ◽  
Syed Azizi Wafa
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
The United Kingdom

A nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the United Kingdom, found teachers to be reporting stress-related problems which were far higher than those of the population norms and other comparable occupational groups. Job stress can be influenced by personal factors (Matteson & Ivancevich, 1999). The present study examined the role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress. A sample size of 177 teachers participated in this study revealed that teachers in Tawau and Lahad Datu experienced low stress levels. This study found that demographic variables do not serve as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress.

scholarly journals Statistical Primer for Athletic Trainers: Understanding the Role of Statistical Power in Comparative Athletic Training Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Monica R. Lininger ◽  
Bryan L. Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Α Level

Objective: To describe the concept of statistical power as related to comparative interventions and how various factors, including sample size, affect statistical power.Background: Having a sufficiently sized sample for a study is necessary for an investigation to demonstrate that an effective treatment is statistically superior. Many researchers fail to conduct and report a priori sample-size estimates, which then makes it difficult to interpret nonsignificant results and causes the clinician to question the planning of the research design.Description: Statistical power is the probability of statistically detecting a treatment effect when one truly exists. The α level, a measure of differences between groups, the variability of the data, and the sample size all affect statistical power.Recommendations: Authors should conduct and provide the results of a priori sample-size estimations in the literature. This will assist clinicians in determining whether the lack of a statistically significant treatment effect is due to an underpowered study or to a treatment's actually having no effect.

The role of libraries in the dissemination of health information in Botswana

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 320-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuelo Ntlotlang ◽  
Balulwami Grand
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Health Information Sources

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of public libraries in the dissemination of health information in the southern part of Botswana, namely, Kgatleng and Kweneng districts. It also explored how these libraries market health information services to the community they serve. The study also used health information acquisition model to get an understanding on how public library users seek health information. Design/methodology/approach The survey research design was chosen for the study and purposive sampling procedure was used to obtain the sample size of the population. The sample size consisted of 120 respondents and six interviewees. Data were collected from both library staff and users using questionnaires and interviews. Findings The results of the study showed that public libraries are striving to provide accurate and useful health information to members of the community by collecting and availing both print and electronic health information sources. The findings further indicated that public libraries have marketing programmes that they use on raising awareness of health information to their clientele. The marketing programmes include outreach, library brochures/leaflets, newsletters and library exhibitions. The results of the study also showed that there were some challenges that hindered the library users to access and use health information (e.g. lack of appropriateness of information resources and limited number of health information sources). Originality/value For a better dissemination of health information, public libraries should establish working relationships with health agencies and communication organisations or media houses with the objective of cooperative developments of collections, referrals and shared training.

scholarly journals TAX INCENTIVES AND ENTERPRISE GROWTH OF AGRO-BUSINESS FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Okwurume, Clarance Nkasirim ◽  
B. Chima Onuoha
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
First Year ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Tax Holiday

This study sought to ascertain the role of tax incentives on the growth of agro-businesses in Rivers state. Six agro-businesses make up the target population. 202 staffs from the six agro firms formed the accessible population. Sample size is 136 using taro Yamane. 124 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved. Data was collected with copies of questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that tax incentives such as tax holiday and capital allowances promote the growth of agro-businesses. It recommended that agro-business firms should use the opportunity provided by governments to apply for tax incentives in their first year of operations in order to enhance their growth.

scholarly journals MEDIATING EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rahman Khan ◽  
Hamid Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Jan ◽  
Aziz Javad ◽  
Aman Ullah Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of Study: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of employee commitment in the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance in the context of the banking sector, KP, Pakistan. The study is expected to provide significant information to existing knowledge databases about the toxic leaders, organizational commitment, and employees’ performance. Methodology of Study: The cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study by using a 5-point Likert scale through the questionnaire to collect primary data from the high-level managers of selected commercial banks located south region of KP, Pakistan. The sample of 234 employees of both public/private sector banks was taken randomly as the sample. To compute sample, Yamane (1967) formula for selecting sample from finite population: n=population (566), level of significance, e = 0.05 & n=sample size, sample size (n) = N/1+Ne2 = 566/1+566(0.05), 2 = 234. Main Findings: The results of the study revealed that the significant and positive association among the research variables, the significant impact of the predictors on the criterion variable, and the significant partial mediating role of the employee commitment in the relationship between the toxic leadership and employees’ performance. Applications of Study: The current study focuses on examining the role of toxic leadership on employee performance with mediating effect of employee commitment within the banking sector of KP, Pakistan. This study's significance lies in the banking sector, desiring to acquire sustainable competitive advantage through increased employee performance and employee commitment. Novelty/Originality of Study: The expectation that organizational commitment can improve the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance is missed to a certain extent in the educational context that is expected to offer a new contribution to an existing database of research.

scholarly journals Role of Cooperative Societies in Boosting Agricultural Production & Entrepreneurship in the Kebbi State of Nigeria.

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-351
Author(s):  
Kamelshewer Lohana Et al.,
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Survey Results

The study Assess the Role & contributions of cooperative societies in boosting agricultural production & Entrepreneurship in the Kebbi State of Nigeria. A total of 120 sample size was used for the study. Cluster sampling technique was used to obtaining information from sample respondents (members of farmers’ cooperative societies). Sixty (60) questionnaires were administered to sixty respondents, each in both Zuru and Yauri Local Government Areas. Data collected was analysed and interpreted using simple percentage and descriptive methods. The major conclusions drawn from this research were: survey results, regarding effectiveness of cooperative societies in improving agricultural production & Entrepreneurship, have shown that 33.3% and 25% of the respondents in Zuru and Yauri Local Government Areas reported promoting farmers’ participation in agriculture, while 25% and 46% agreed to boost agricultural production in the study areas. About 36.6% and 35% believed in the effectiveness of cooperative societies in increasing food production. Sample respondents in the two Local Government Areas 5% and 3.3% reported all of the above indicators increase the effectiveness of cooperatives to agriculture. Survey results regarding the role of cooperatives in boosting Entrepreneurship in the study areas shows that 75% Zuru 88.3% Yauri agreed that cooperatives have added value to boosting Agric production & Entrepreneurship and only 15% and 11.6% did not agree with the above opinion. Many problems were identified that affects the smooth functioning of cooperatives and solutions for addressing the problems were recommended. Therefore it was concluded that Null Hypothesis HO is rejected and Alternate Hypothesis HA is accepted.

Inward Internationalization

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carrizo Moreira ◽  
Luis Miguel D. F. Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Miguel Freitas da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The existing literature on internationalization and purchasing is vast; however, the inward internationalization perspective is an under-researched topic. In this chapter, the authors review the literature on internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to understand the main reasons behind international purchasing and the role of experience on internationalization. Using a survey and descriptive statistics, the results from 56 respondents show that SMEs source from a small number of countries and hold those relationships for several years. The main reasons underlying international purchases are lower prices and better product quality, regardless of goods availability on the domestic market. This chapter has some limitations concerning its exploratory nature, pertaining to its sample size. Some future research avenues are presented such as a deeper look on how internationalization processes differ when SMEs begin their activity by inward rather than by outward activities.

The Kosovo Agriculture Market and the Marketing Concept

2015 ◽  
pp. 1216-1227
Author(s):  
Mustafa Pllana ◽  
Iliriana Miftari ◽  
Njazi Bytyqi ◽  
Sali Aliu ◽  
Jehona Shkodra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Contemporary Development

Considering marketing as main contributor to the contemporary development, it has encouraged us to raise discussion regarding the role of the marketing in business decision-making and economic development as a whole. The concept of marketing is becoming a necessity tool for survival and the development of different business enterprises. The main objective of the study was to find out about the level at which Kosovo enterprises understand and apply marketing and how do they distinguish marketing from advertising. Moreover, the study seeks for Kosovo households' opinion on marketing and advertising, if they distinguish it from advertising, and how the advertising influences the household behavior in buying decision making. A sample size of 150 businesses and 150 household, covering the whole Kosovo regions were interviewed and analyzed. The results of the collected data were processed and analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS).Out of 46% of the total surveyed businesses considered that adv is same as marketing .About 64% of surveyed households declared that adv is done for the products of low quality, but 62% of businesses consider adv necessity even for products of best quality. Surveyed households, about 63% declared that their bought has been based on previous purchases, 17% on sellers' statement and 20% on adv basis. The share for promotion by some Kosovo agriculture businesses is from 4% to 20% of the profit, increasing the selling from 3% to 10%.

scholarly journals PERAN GREEN TRUST DAN GREEN SATISFACTION MEMEDIASI HUBUNGAN GREEN IMAGE DENGAN GREEN LOYALTY

2018 ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gde Sari Dewi Astuti ◽  
I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
Green Trust ◽  
The Relationship

Green hotel has become a branding and strategy in winning business competition, if using environmentally friendly energy. This study aims to explain the relationship green image with green trust, green image with green satisfaction, green trust with green loyalty, green satisfaction with green loyalty, green image with green loyalty, and to explain the role of green trust and green satisfaction in mediating green image relationship with green loyalty. The population in this study are the guests who have been staying at Hotel Bali Tropic Resort & Spa (minimum 2 times stay in the period of 2013-2017) with sample size of 100 respondents. This research uses analysis technique PLS (Partial Least Square). This study found that green image has a positive relationship with green trust, green satisfaction, and green loyalty. Green trust and green satisfaction have a positive relationship with green loyalty. Green trust and green satisfaction are able to mediate partially and have a positive relationship with green loyalty.

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