Environmental Damage and Risk Assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
David L. Olson ◽  
Desheng Dash Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damage

ASSESSING RISK IN CO2 STORAGE PROJECTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Bowden ◽  
A. Rigg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Geological Storage

A key challenge to researchers involved with geological storage of CO2 has been to develop an appropriate methodology to assess and compare alternative CO2 injection projects on the basis of risk. Technical aspects, such as the risk of leakage and the effectiveness of the intended reservoir, clearly need to be considered, but so do less tangible aspects such as the value and safety of geological storage of CO2, and potential impacts on the community and environment.The RISQUE method has been applied and found to be an appropriate approach to deliver a transparent risk assessment process that can interface with the wider community and allow stakeholders to assess whether the CO2 injection process is safe, measurable and verifiable and whether a selected alternative delivers cost-effective greenhouse benefits.In Australia, under the GEODISC program, the approach was applied to assess the risk posed by conceptual CO2 injection projects in four selected areas: Dongara, Petrel, Gippsland and Carnarvon. The assessment derived outputs that address key project performance indicators that:are useful to compare projects;include technical, economic and community risk events;assist communication of risk to stakeholders;can be incorporated into risk management design of injection projects; andhelp identify specific areas for future research.The approach is to use quantitative techniques to characterise risk in terms of both the likelihood of identified risk events occurring (such as CO2 escape and inadequate injectivity into the storage site) and of their consequences (such as environmental damage and loss of life). The approach integrates current best practice risk assessment methods with best available information provided by an expert panel.The results clearly showed the relationships between containment and effectiveness for all of the four conceptual CO2 injection projects and indicated their acceptability with respect to two KPIs. Benefit-cost analysis showed which projects would probably be viable considering base-case economics, greenhouse benefits, and also the case after risk is taken into account. A societal risk profile was derived to compare the public safety risk posed by the injection projects with commonly accepted engineering target guidelines used for dams. The levels of amenity risk posed to the community by the projects were assessed, and their acceptability with respect to the specific KPI was evaluated.The risk assessment method and structure that was used should be applied to other potential CO2 injection sites to compare and rank their suitability, and to assist selection of the most appropriate site for any injection project. These sites can be reassessed at any time, as further information becomes available.

QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S A M Youssef ◽  
S T Ince ◽  
Y S Kim ◽  
J K Paik ◽  
F Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario’s oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.

scholarly journals GEOPROCESSING APPLIED TO RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOREST FIRES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Matheus Bacani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Fuzzy Transformation ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT Forest fires are a permanent threat in urban-forest interface areas and cause considerable environmental damage, especially in protected areas. An efficient way to assist decision-making to prevent an increase in forest fires is risk assessment using geographical information systems (GIS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of forest fires in the municipality of Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using remote sensing data and spatial analysis techniques implemented in a GIS. The procedures of the methodology are based on spatial analysis techniques to prepare maps of the likelihood of fire based on calculations of the Euclidean distance, the Kernel statistical method and fuzzy transformation and to combine these maps via the increasing diffuse overlay method. The results showed a high risk of forest fires on the margins of the urban area, rural settlements and main roads that cross the municipality, as well as the surrounding areas. It is concluded that the municipality of Bodoquena has a high risk of forest fires in areas with high biodiversity, especially the areas surrounding the Serra da Bodoquena National Park and Mato Grosso do Sul Pantanal.

DEVELOPING A GUIDELINE FOR OIL SPILL RISK ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE PLANNING FOR OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Torild Ronnaug Nissen-Lie ◽  
Odd Willy Brude ◽  
Ole Oystein Aspholm ◽  
Peter Mark Taylor ◽  
David Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Following the April 2010 Gulf of Mexico (Macondo) oil spill and the 2009 Montara incident in Australia, the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) formed the Global Industry Response Group. This Group identified nineteen oil spill response recommendations (OGP, 2011) that are being addressed via an Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project (OSR-JIP) during 2012–2014. The OSR-JIP is managed by IPIECA on behalf of OGP, in recognition of IPIECA's long-standing experience with oil spill response matters. One of the nineteen recommendations concerned the development of an international guideline for offshore oil spill risk assessment and a method to better relate oil spill response resources to the risk level. Consequently, the OSR-JIP has published a guideline covering oil spill risk assessment and response planning for offshore installations. This paper describes the development and content of the guideline, including how the oil spill risk assessment process provides structured and relevant information to oil spill response planning for offshore operations. The process starts by defining the context of the assessment and describing the activity to be assessed. Thereafter it addresses a series of key questions:What can go wrong, leading to potential release of oil?What happens to the spilled oil?What are the impacts on key environmental - both ecological and socio-economic - receptors?What is the risk for environmental damage?How is the established risk utilised in oil spill response planning? The guideline draws on existing good practices in the determination of oil spill response resources. It promotes consideration, in tactical and logistical detail, of the preferred and viable response strategies to address scenarios covering the range of potential oil spills up to the most serious. The methodology to evaluate the potential spill scenarios utilizes a series of questions:What are the viable techniques/strategies to deliver response with greatest net environment benefit?What are the tactical measures required to implement the identified response strategies, considering technical, practical and safety factors?What Tiered resources are required to mount the tactical measures and achieve effective response? The paper summarizes the useful tools, key information and the necessary level of detail essential to perform an oil spill risk assessment for use in oil spill response planning.

scholarly journals Specifics of modeling and simulation of the risk on the communication and ensure systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Vasil Kadrev ◽  
Rosen Pasarelski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Risk Assessment Models

The aim of the proposed work is to study the characteristics of modeling and simulation of risk on the ensure systems, as specific communication systems. On the ensure systems case of interest is Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). The assessment focuses on predicting the probability of failures that can lead to injury and / or loss of life and / or severe damage to the system and / or environmental damage. The result of PRA modeling is to determine the probability for a particular result, but with severe consequences, and to identify those events or components, which will most likely lead to this result. Risk assessment models are typically use to assess system safety and to decide on resource management to prevent accidents. Results of analyzes performed using analytical models, as well as simulation modeling of risk on ensure systems, under various specific initial conditions, are presented. Based on these results, the peculiarities (advantages and disadvantages), as well as the perspectives of the analytical and simulation modeling, can be seen. Based on the examined examples are illustrated the actual results, related to the principles and peculiarities of the analytical and simulation modeling in the field of the risk assessment in the ensure systems according to the sampling survey.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Models to Improve Environmental Safety in the Field of the Economy and Organization of Construction: A Case Study of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13539
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Larionov ◽  
Ekaterina Nezhnikova ◽  
Elena Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
The Future

This article assesses risks in order to substantiate the economic and organizational efficiency of housing and industrial construction. This topic is relevant because it is necessary for sustainable development. In Russia, environmental safety in construction and housing, as well as communal services, is poorly developed and not regulated by the legal system. As building construction, housing, and communal services should be based on environmental safety, this topic requires rapid development. Methods related to quantifying environmental risk and making decisions under conditions of uncertainty were studied. A quantitative risk assessment was performed using the Monte Carlo method for pessimistic and optimistic options to prevent environmental damage. The model reproduced the distribution derived from the evidence-based fit. The results of sensitivity analysis are also presented to prove the hypothesis. The selection of the most appropriate probability density functions for each of the input quantities was implemented through settings in a computer program. The simulation modeling results clearly illustrate the choice of the general principle of assessment and the adoption of the optimal decision. In conditions of uncertainty, the decision to choose the optimistic options with high cost (to maintain the reliability of the technical system) but less risk plays a decisive role in the future environmental safety strategies of construction projects. The Monte Carlo method is preferable for environmental impact assessments. In the future, the amended methodology can be applied to raise environmental safety in the field of construction.

scholarly journals An Environmental Risk Assessment of Filling Stations Using the Principles of Security Management. A Case Study in the Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12452
Author(s):  
Katarína Mäkká ◽  
Katarína Kampová ◽  
Tomáš Loveček ◽  
Katarína Petrlová
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Risk Sources

The issue of environmental risk assessment currently deserves great attention. In order to protect the environment, maintain healthy living conditions, and prevent environmental damage, the member states of the European Union have adopted a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage. The directive classifies two types of operators with different liability regimes for environmental damage, namely, the regime with no-fault (strict) liability and liability for fault. With the adoption of the directive, among experts, operators and the general public have posed questions about how to assess the risk of environmental damage. At present, there is still no uniform procedure for assessing environmental risks, which would create a comprehensive methodological framework for assessment for this type of risk. Due to the non-existent risk assessment methodology for operators with strict liability regimes and the lack of a systematic search for risk sources, a risk assessment procedure is proposed that provides guidance in a sequence of several steps on how to implement the obligations arising from the adopted Environmental Liability Directive. The proposed procedure was verified on a specific operator with a strict liability regime. The environmental risk analysis performed through the proposed procedure provided information on possible operational problems and verified its applicability. Last but not least, the use of the proposed procedure makes it possible to identify serious sources of risk and to establish necessary preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of environmental damage.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO COMPARE OIL SPILL RISK FOR SINGLE & DOUBLE HULLED FPSOS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 725-731
Author(s):  
Nicholas Cavaye ◽  
Gina Waibl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Accidental Discharge ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

ABSTRACT In recent years, following a number of high profile oil spills internationally, there has been an increased focus on improving the safety of oil tankers to prevent the environmental damage caused by oil spills. Regulations developed focus on replacing single hulled trading tankers with a double hulled configuration. However, many of the risks associated with trading tankers do not apply to Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSOs). The risk assessment undertaken for this report compares single with double hull FPSOs, with respect to events causing serious environmental impact. The study considers external and on-board causes of events which may cause serious oil spills including fire, explosion, accidental discharge, grounding, collision and hull failure. The risk assessment comprises a limited quantitative analysis using data from the literature and observations from experience, which are consistently applied to each of the hazardous events identified as relevant. The report also looks at the wider environmental factors associated with single versus double hull FPSOs in order to inform policy makers. The findings indicate that risk profiles of oil tankers are markedly different from FPSOs, and that there is a strong argument that overall environmental risks from a single hull FPSOs are lower than those for a double hulled F?SO. A single sided hull has potentially better structural performance; no risk of inter-hull formation of volatile explosive mixtures; delivers environmental benefits; and has simpler operational requirements than a double sided FPSO. The main advantage for using a double sided hull is the higher collision impact energy it can withstand without releasing oil into the environment.

Shipping Oil Spill Environmental Damage Risk Assessment Methods: A Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Xu Bo Yu ◽  
Ming He Zhu ◽  
Cheng Fei Niu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Model ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Damage Risk

As the certain basis of implementation of risk decision, risk assessment was used widely for reasonable allocation of scarce shipping oil spill response resources, but there is no a unified regulation for evaluation method. Three feasible methods of risk assessment, baseline assessment, detailed risk assessment, and combination of evaluation, are respectively introduced, including advantages and disadvantages. Then around the detailed risk assessment, present shipping oil spill environmental damage risk assessment study in China and abroad are then introduced in detail. Environmental damage assessment and oil spill risk assessment are introduced respectively including instantly popular appraisal methods, research hot spots and the most comprehensive evaluation model. Finally the possible direction of development of risk assessment is put forward in order to provide certain inspiration and references in developing domestic risk assessment.

scholarly journals The risk assessment of a crude oil pipeline using fuzzy and bayesian based bow-tie analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishin Jayan T ◽  
◽  
Muthukumar K ◽  
Renjith V.R. ◽  
Priscilla George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Effective Dynamic ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Bow Tie

Cross country pipelines are one of the major modes of transportation of petroleum products. Due to external and internal factors, the failure probability of pipeline is increasing over the past decades. The failure of pipelines can cause fires, which can result in environmental damage, loss of materials and further resulting into casualties. Effective risk assessment is vital to prevent and mitigate such potential incidents. In this work, an efficient tool that makes use of Bayesian approach along with Bow-tie analysis is used to obtain the failure frequencies of all the identified causes that may lead to failure of the selected pipeline located in Kerala, India. Bayesian networks can perform effective dynamic risk analysis by considering the conditional dependencies between various basic events leading to pipeline failure. The fuzzy logic and expert elicitation method are incorporated to determine the prior failure frequencies of all the identified causes of pipeline failure. The effectiveness of Bayesian network in performing forward analysis to determine the probabilities of pipeline failure consequences is demonstrated. This study also identifies the weak links associated with the occurrence of particular consequences, so that adequate measures can be taken to rectify them.

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