Serum C-reactive protein and immune responses in dogs inoculated withBordetella bronchiseptica (phase I cells)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can generate a systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions worldwide, presenting huge health and economic challenges worldwide. Several risk factors, such as age, co-infections, metabolic syndrome, and smoking have been associated with poor disease progression and outcomes. Alcohol drinking is a common social practice among adults, but frequent and/or excessive consumption can mitigate the anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses. Therefore, we investigated if patients with self-reported daily alcohol consumption (DAC) presented alteration in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We investigated 122 patients with COVID-19 (101 male and 46 females), in which 23 were patients with DAC (18 men and 5 women) and 99 were non-DAC patients (58 men and 41 women), without other infections, neoplasia, or immunodeficiencies. Although with no difference in age, patients with DAC presented an increase in severity-associated COVID-19 markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In addition, patients with DAC presented a reduction in the lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Importantly, the DAC group presented an increase in death rate in comparison with the non-DAC group. Our results demonstrated that, in our cohort, DAC enhanced COVID-19-associated inflammation, and increased the number of deaths due to COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Immune function of patients receiving recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a phase I clinical study: Induction of C-reactive protein and IgE and inhibition of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy ◽

10.1007/bf01526207 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Scheid ◽

R. Young ◽

R. McDermott ◽

L. Fitzsimmons ◽

J. H. Scarffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Phase I ◽

Immune Function ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Killer Cell ◽

Cell Activity ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Killer Cell Activity

Download Full-text

Comparison of the effects of centrifugal versus roller pump on the immune response in open-heart surgery

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/026765919501000408 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Perttilä ◽

M. Salo ◽

O. Peltola

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Centrifugal Pump ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Pokeweed Mitogen ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Roller Pump ◽

Reactive Protein

We compared the effects of a centrifugal pump with those of a roller pump on immune responses in 26 coronary artery bypass surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The patients were randomly allocated into a (Biomedicus) centrifugal pump group and a (Stöckert) twin roller pump group. Leucocyte and differential counts; percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, CD16-, CD20- and CD25-positive lymphocytes) and monocytes (CD14); phytohaemagglutinin-, concanavalin A-, and pokeweed mitogen-induced and unstimulated proliferation of separated lymphocytes; unstimulated and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated production of IgG, IgM, or IgA; and plasma fibronectin, C-reactive protein and serum albumin concentrations were measured preoperatively, immediately before CPB, immediately before aortic declamping and on the first postoperative morning. Significant changes were seen in these variables, but no differences occurred between the groups.

Download Full-text

Expression of Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Sepsis

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2020.2238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 271-275

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Yongshan Tang

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Caspase 1 ◽

Before And After

Sepsis is a common clinical disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the expression of NLRP3 in patients with sepsis has not been elucidated. 98 patients with sepsis before and after treatment were selected and 106 healthy volunteers were used as the control group. PBMCs were isolated from each group to measure NLRP3 and Caspase 1 level Real time PCR. The expression of serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β and IL-18 was analyzed by ELISA. NLRP3 and Caspase 1 level was significantly increased in sepsis patients before treatment with increased secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and elevated level of PCT and CRP (P < 0.05). NLRP3, Caspase 1 expression, IL-1β and IL-18 secretion were positively correlated with serum PCT and CRP in patients with sepsis (P < 0.05). After treatment, NLRP3 and Caspase 1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased and serum IL-1β and IL-18 secretion was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). NLRP3 is increased in sepsis and IL-1β and IL-18 secretion is elevated, implying the involvement of NLRP3 in the occurrence and development of sepsis.

Download Full-text

Clinical Characteristics and Immune Responses of 137 Deceased Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.595333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Cui ◽

Rongdi Yan ◽

Chunyuan Qin ◽

Jingming Zhao

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Cardiac Troponin ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Troponin I ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 by clarifying the clinical characteristics and immune responses.MethodsThe clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, including cytokine and lymphocyte subsets, were obtained from the electronic medical records of patients in Wuhan Tongji Hospital.ResultsThis study included 836 patients with confirmed COVID-19. In total, 699 (83.6%) were cured and discharged, and 137 (16.4%) died. Our analysis revealed that age ≥ 65 years, male sex, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnea, dizziness, respiratory rate > 20 bpm, heart rate > 100 bpm, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, neutrophils > 6.3×109/L, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 250 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase > 40 U/L, total bilirubin > 26 μmol/L, albumin < 35 g/L, blood urea nitrogen > 9.5 mmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ≥ 900 pg/ml, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L, procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml and ferritin > 400 μg/L were associated with death in patients with COVID-19. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L and procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml were predictive of mortality. Regarding immune responses, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were remarkably higher in the deceased group at admission, and the levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα in the deceased group showed a rapid increase; the dynamics of these cytokines were highly consistent with disease deterioration. Lymphocyte subset analysis revealed that the deceased patients showed significant decreases in lymphocyte counts, especially helper T cells, suppressor T cells and NK cells.ConclusionsThis study identified that an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min/1.73, elevated cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/L and procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/ml were predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Elevated cytokine levels and a continued increasing trend, including in IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα, and a decrease in lymphocyte subsets, especially helper T cells, suppressor T cells and NK cells, were associated with a poor prognosis.

Download Full-text

Clinical and Antibody Characteristics Reveal Diverse Signatures of Severe and Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1010169/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongye Wang ◽

Dongshan Yan ◽

Ya Li ◽

Yanfei Gong ◽

Yulin Mai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Protein S ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Response Characteristics ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Blocking Rate ◽

Binding Inhibition ◽

Severe Group

Abstract Clinical and Immune response characteristics of COVID-19 between severe and non-severe patients have not been fully clarified. In this study, clinical features, antibody responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and its different domains, Ig isotypes and IgG subtypes, ACE2 competitive antibodies, binding titers with FcγIIa and FcγIIb receptors, and 14 cytokines were investigated in 119 serum samples from 37 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Severe group including 9 patients represented lower lymphocyte count, higher neutrophil count, higher level of LDH, total bile acid (TBA) (P<1×10-4), r-glutaminase (P=0.011), adenosine deaminase (P<1×10-4), procalcitonin (P=0.004), C-reactive protein (P<1×10-4) and D-dimer (P=0.049) compared to non-severe group (28 patients). Significantly, higher-level antibody targeting S (IgA, IgM, and IgG), different S domains specificity (RBD, RBM, NTD, and CTD), FcγIIa and FcγIIb binding capability were observed in severe group than that of non-severe group, of which IgG1 and IgG3 were the main IgG subclasses. RBD-IgG were strongly correlated with S-IgG both in severe group and non-severe group. Additionally, CTD-IgG were strongly correlated with S-IgG in non-severe group. Positive RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition was strongly associated with high titers of antibody (S-IgG1, S-IgG3, NTD-IgG) especially RBD-IgG and CTD-IgG in severe group, while in non-severe group, S-IgG3, RBD-IgG and NTD-IgG titer correlated with ACE2 blocking rate. S-IgG1 was negatively associated with illness days in severe group (r=- 0.434, P=0.002), while S-IgG3 in severe group (r=0.363, P=0.011) and S-IgG1 (r=0.417, P=3×10-4) in non-severe group was positively associated with days after symptom onset. Moreover, GRO-α, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIG, and BAFF were also significantly elevated in severe group. Overall, the results indicated different signatures in clinical and immune responses between the COVID-19 severe group and non-severe group, which will be markedly contributed to future therapeutic and preventive measures development.

Download Full-text

Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Autologous Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (aaPRP) in the Treatment of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2021/5531873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Karina Karina ◽

Iis Rosliana ◽

Imam Rosadi ◽

Siti Sobariah ◽

Louis Martin Christoffel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Secondary Outcomes

Background. The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been increasing rapidly. This disease causes an increase in proinflammatory cytokine production that leads to cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Autologous activated platelet-rich plasma (aaPRP) contains various types of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may have the potential to suppress CRS. This study of phase I/II trial was aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aaPRP to treat severe COVID-19 patients. Methods. A total of 10 severe COVID-19 patients from Koja Regional Public Hospital (Koja RPH) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). All patients received aaPRP administration three times. Primary outcomes involving the duration of hospitalization, oxygen needs, time of recovery, and mortality were observed. Secondary outcomes involving C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-CRP (LCR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were analyzed. Results. All patients were transferred to the ICU with a median duration of 9 days. All patients received oxygen at enrollment and nine of ten patients recovered from the ICU and transferred to the ward room. There was one patient who passed away in the ICU due to heart failure. The results of secondary outcomes showed that CRP value and lymphocytes counts were significantly decreased while neutrophils, LCR, and NLR were slightly increased after aaPRP administration. Conclusions. Our results of the phase I/II trial demonstrated that the use of aaPRP in severe COVID-19 patients was safe and not associated with serious adverse events, which showed that aaPRP was a promising adjunctive therapy for severe COVID-19 patients.

Download Full-text

COVID 19 Severity Correlation between Inflammatory Markers and High Resolution Computerised Tomography

Medical Research Archives ◽

10.18103/mra.v9i12.2619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Ashaq Parrey ◽

Abir Aijaz ◽

Mohd Ismail ◽

Mir Sadaqat ◽

Manzoor Koka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Computerised Tomography ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽

Cellular Destruction

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was considered to have originally started via a zoonotic transmission associated with the seafood market in Wuhan, China. Later it was recognized that human to human transmission played a major role in the subsequent outbreak. The Inflammatory responses caused by viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 with cellular destruction can recruit macrophages and monocytes and lead to the release of cytokines and chemokines.These inflammatory markers then attract immune cells and activate immune responses, leading to cytokine storms .Many such inflammatory markers have been attributed to determine the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease and mortality associated with it. The Inflammatory markers such as serum ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be significantly associated with the high risks of the development of severe COVID-19 disease.

Download Full-text

Association between Micronutrients (Vitamin A, D, Iron) and Schistosome-Specific Cytokine Responses in Zimbabweans Exposed toSchistosoma haematobium

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2012/128628 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liam Reilly ◽

Norman Nausch ◽

Nicholas Midzi ◽

Takafira Mduluza ◽

Francisca Mutapi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Schistosome Infection ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

The Relationship

Micronutrients play an important role in the development of effective immune responses. This study characterised a populations exposed to schistosome infections in terms of the relationship between micronutrients and immune responses. Levels of retinol binding protein (RBP; vitamin A marker), vitamin D, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and C reactive protein (CRP) were related to levels of schistosome specific cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4/5/10) in 40 Zimbabweans (7–54 years) exposed toSchistosoma haematobiuminfection. 67.2% of the participants were deficient in vitamin D. RBP levels were within normal ranges but declined with age. The two indicators of iron levels suggested that although levels of stored iron were within normal levels (normal ferritin levels), levels of functional iron (sTfR levels) were reduced in 28.6% of the population. Schistosome infection alone was not associated with levels of any of the micronutrients, but altered the relationship between parasite-specific IL-4 and IL-5 and levels of ferritin and sTfR.

Download Full-text