Cell wall functions in growth and development —a physical and chemical point of view

1991 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF LEAF SURFACES PRESERVED IN PEAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Stewart ◽  
Edward A. C. Follett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Peat Formation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cuticular Surface

Phragmites communis, Eriophorum vaginatum, Calluna vulgaris, and Sphagnum palustre are representative of plants whose remains are frequently encountered in Scottish peat deposits. The effects of preservation in peat on the surface features of their leaves were followed by electron microscopy. Wax projections were observed on the surfaces of mature living leaves of Phragmites and Eriophorum but not on Calluna or Sphagnum. Details of cell wall outlines and stomata (or pores) were clearly defined in Phragmites, Eriophorum, and Sphagnum, but obscured in Calluna. The previous year's leaves differed by displaying a general absence of wax projections, an erosion of the cuticular surface, which took the form of either a loss in definition of the cell wall outlines or a definite etching of the surface, and the presence of numerous microorganisms. The surface features of preserved leaves exhibited to a greater degree this erosion of cell wall outline and cuticular surface. This preliminary study has indicated that major alterations in the submicroscopic features of cuticularized leaf surfaces occur at the leaf litter stage. The primary agents responsible for this degradation would appear to be microorganisms in conjunction with the physical and chemical processes of peat formation.

scholarly journals Development of Technology for Processing Oil Sludge with Application of Super High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Tagiryanovna Harisova ◽  
Rail Idiatovich Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gazizyanovich Abdeev
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CHEESE MANUFACTURED FROM BROWN CARPATHIAN CATTLE MILK

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
N. L. Rieznykova ◽  
I. M. Slyvka
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Investigation of commercialization possibility of highly endangered Brown Carpathian cattle milk was done at 5 cheese samples. Samples were done on different European high-mountainous cheese-making technologies. Certain physical-and-chemical characteristics of the samples were studied and the organoleptic evaluation was done. It was found, that the milk of Brown Carpathian cattle is valuable from the point of view of its commercialization. Making of cheese from the milk of Brown Carpathian cattle on different technologies showed the superiority of French Beaufort technology for the milk of the breed on texture, taste and aroma of prepared cheese.

scholarly journals Growth and vegetative development of soybean plants in soil type Concrectionary Petric Plinthosol

2019 ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Marcio Nikkel ◽  
Saulo De Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Soybean Plants

The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concrectionary soil, whose supposed disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture. However, more in-depth information about the behavior of crops of agricultural interest cultivated in this type of soil is few. Due to the observation of agricultural stands in this type of soil, it was hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions negatively interfere in the development of crops of agro-economic interest. The objective was to verify the growth and development of soybean cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of plinthite ironstones. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Morphological evaluations were performed during their phenological phase. Soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 32 and 48 DAE and more leaflets when compared to soy crop grown in soil with ironstones. As for dry matter, soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed more values for aerial, root and total mass as well for aerial root rate when compared to soybean grown in soil with ironstones. Plinthite ironstones interfere with the growth and/or vegetative development of soybeans. Soybean has less vegetative development when grown in soil with plinthite ironstone concretions.

scholarly journals Basic concepts and physical-chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systemic clinical thinking and formalization of the knowledge of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism

Pain medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-62
Author(s):  
Viktor Poberezhnyi ◽  
Oleksandr Marchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Katilov ◽  
Oleh Shvydiuk ◽  
Oleksii Lohvinov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
Objective Representation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Clinical Systems ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Internal Speech

From the point of view of perception and generalization processes there are complex, logic and conceptual forms of thinking. Its conceptual form is the highest result of interaction between thinking and speech. While realizing it, human uses the concept, which are logically formed thoughts, that are the meaning of representation in thinking of unity of meaningful features, relations of subjects or phenomena of objective reality. Special concepts, that are used in the science and technique are called terms. They perform a function of corresponding, special, precise marking of subjects and phenomena, their features and interactions. Scientific knowledge are in that way an objective representation of material duality in our consciousness. Certain complex of terms forms a terminological system, that lies in the basis of corresponding sphere of scientific knowledge and conditions a corresponding form and way of thinking. Clinical thinking is a conceptual form, that manifests and represents by the specialized internal speech with gnostic motivation lying in its basis. Its structural elements are corresponding definitions, terms and concepts. Cardinal features of clinical systems are consistency, criticality, justification and substantiation. Principles of perception and main concepts are represented in the article along with short descriptions of physical and chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systematic clinical thinking and formalization of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism

Transcriptome profiling of aSaccharomyces cerevisiaemutant with a constitutively activated Ras/cAMP pathway

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jones ◽  
J. Petty ◽  
D. C. Hoyle ◽  
A. Hayes ◽  
E. Ragni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
Constitutive Activation ◽  
Camp Pathway

Often changes in gene expression levels have been considered significant only when above/below some arbitrarily chosen threshold. We investigated the effect of applying a purely statistical approach to microarray analysis and demonstrated that small changes in gene expression have biological significance. Whole genome microarray analysis of a pde2Δ mutant, constructed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain FY23, revealed altered expression of ∼11% of protein encoding genes. The mutant, characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras/cAMP pathway, has increased sensitivity to stress, reduced ability to assimilate nonfermentable carbon sources, and some cell wall integrity defects. Applying the Munich Information Centre for Protein Sequences (MIPS) functional categories revealed increased expression of genes related to ribosome biogenesis and downregulation of genes in the cell rescue, defense, cell death and aging category, suggesting a decreased response to stress conditions. A reduced level of gene expression in the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) was observed. Cell wall genes whose expression was affected by this mutation were also identified. Several of the cAMP-responsive orphan genes, upon further investigation, revealed cell wall functions; others had previously unidentified phenotypes assigned to them. This investigation provides a statistical global transcriptome analysis of the cellular response to constitutive activation of the Ras/cAMP pathway.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL UTILIZATION OF SERIGUELA FRUIT (Spondias purpurea L.) IN THE PRODUCTION OF COOKIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA GONDIM DE ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
ANDREZA MORAES DUARTE ◽  
MARIA LÚCIA DA CONCEIÇÃO ◽  
JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Spondias Purpurea ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT This study aimed to process, characterize and use seriguela fruit residue pulp and flour (Spondias purpurea L.) (SFR) in the processing of cookies, evaluating nutritional and microbiological quality and sensory acceptance. SFR was prepared and characterized as to its physical and chemical characteristics. Cookies made with SFR at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30% were submitted to analyses of chemical composition, acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, water activity, in addition to yield and costs. Microbiological analysis of cookies was performed previously to sensory analysis, which was performed by 100 potential consumers. SFR showed high levels of Vitamin C (57.99 mg / 100 g), fiber (12.82%), carbohydrate (71.77%) and energy density (313.21 Kcal/100 g). As SFR was added, there was an increase in the content of fibers, minerals and vitamin C. Cookies showed sensory scores between 6 and 7 of a 9-point hedonic scale; however, cookie containing 10% of seriguela fruit residue flour was the most accepted, with purchase intent and preference similar to control cookies, which were made with 100% wheat flour. The use of seriguela fruit residue in the production of cookies can be a viable option to increase the nutritional value and reduce the cost of ingredients used in the processing of food products, in addition to being important from the environmental point of view.

scholarly journals Alteration of the Physical and Chemical Structure of the Primary Cell Wall of Growth-Limited Plant Cells Adapted to Osmotic Stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim M. Iraki ◽  
Ray A. Bressan ◽  
P. M. Hasegawa ◽  
Nicholas C. Carpita
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Influence of Interphase Imperfection on Micro-Crack Behavior in Polymer Composites Filled by Rigid Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Majer ◽  
Luboš Náhlík
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Rigid Particles ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this paper a particulate composites with polypropylene matrix and rigid mineral fillers are studied. The polymer particulate composites are frequently used in many engineering applications. Due to the physical and chemical interaction between matrix and particles a third phase (generally called interphase) is formed. The composite is modeled as a three-phase continuum. The properties of particles and interphase have a significant effect on the global behavior of the composite. On the basis of fracture mechanics methodology the interaction of micro-crack propagation in the matrix filled by rigid particles covered by the very soft interphase is analyzed. The effect of the composite structure on their mechanical properties is studied here from the theoretical point of view. The properties of particles and matrix were determined experimentally. Conclusions of this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of micro-crack in polymer particulate composites with respect to interphase.

The effect of physical and chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of the cell wall of the alga Chara corallina

Planta ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine A. Toole ◽  
Andrew C. Smith ◽  
Keith W. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Physical And Chemical
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