scholarly journals Does certainty on the winner diminish the interest in sport competitions? The case of formula one

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia-del-Barrio ◽  
J. James Reade
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
Formula One ◽  
Search Intensity ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome

AbstractThe literature acknowledges “Uncertainty of Outcome” (UO) as a major factor to explain the degree of interest that sporting competitions draw from fans and the general public. Uncertainty about the championship winner is crucial insofar as financial success depends on the capacity to attract potential consumers of spectacle. This paper focusses on one aspect of UO and examines to what extent reduction in the interest of followers is due to the removal of uncertainty about the world drivers’ champion in Formula One. To study how certainty on the winner undermines the degree of attention generated by the Formula One world drivers’ championship, we rely on two alternative indexes—similar although not identical—reported by Google Trends. Both of these appraisals are computed from data on users’ search intensity in Google, where weekly records are normalised on the relative amount of searches per calendar year. Thus, as dependent variables for the empirical analysis we use two measures: Google Trends News (GTN), to capture the intensity with which individuals search news articles associated; and Google Trends Web (GTW), to get a wider overview based on all kind of Internet contents. The former empirical analysis is carried out on 10 years of available data, while the latter approach estimates the models for a larger period of 14 years. Our empirical strategy includes additionally adopting indicator saturation techniques to address this issue while controlling for outliers.

scholarly journals Point Score Systems and Cooperative Incentives: The 3-1-0 Curse

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Kjetil Haugen ◽  
Knut Heen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Nash Equilibria ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Score System ◽  
Point Score ◽  
Association Football ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Score Systems

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences that point score systems in association football may have on potential collusion between teams. The study applies game theory and empirical analysis to derive and test hypotheses. The main findings of the article include Nash equilibria indicating a higher collusion potential associated with the 3-1-0 point score system than with the 2-1-0 system. Of particular interest is the finding that the competitive balance of the league affects collusion, and that (theoretically) high competitive balance in fact makes collusion more probable. Empirically, we are not able to prove that real-world participants do collude, but we provide circumstantial evidence that is consistent with collusion. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 25 European top leagues with 823 played matches in the 2017 and 2016/17 seasons. These data are used to estimate uncertainty of outcome and draw ratio. We apply a standard t-test to test our main hypothesis. The main conclusion of the paper may hence be summed up as advice to reinstall the 2-1-0 point score system in association football.

scholarly journals LA GLOBALIZZAZIONE DELLA DISEGUAGLIANZA. ASPETTI TEORICI, EMPIRICI E DI POLICY

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Targetti Lenti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
International Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Since the beginning of the 90’s inequality, once again, become one of the central issues of the economic debate from different perspectives: theoretical, applied and of policy. Not only increased the attention toward the inequality within countries, but also toward the global one, that is the inequality between countries and between citizens of the world as they belong to a single community. The effects of globalization on inequality are still very controversial. According to some authors international integration has produced not only instability and recurring crises, but also a growing inequality within and between countries. For other authors, instead, inequality and poverty decreased with the globalization. This paper will analyze the issue of global inequality mainly from an empirical standpoint. First of all, however, it will be discussed some issues related to the definition of the phenomenon with reference to the theoretical as well to the normative aspects. The empirical analysis will be undertaken by distinguishing the weight of the inequality between countries from that within countries on global inequality. Changes of synthetic indexes will be calculated, but also the differences in income’s distribution in each country will be analyzed. This kind of analysis, innovative with respect to the traditional ones, will allow to observe how the differences in the income’s distribution of industrialized and of developing countries can justify phenomena of the global economy such as, for example, migratory flows.

Phraseological picture of the world of the Russian and Adyghe languages: comparative typological description

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.I. Hejshkho ◽  
H.Z. Bagirokov ◽  
Z.B. Bguasheva ◽  
Z.K. Kahuzheva
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Comparative Description

The article is devoted to a comparative description of the phraseological picture of the world of two different languages-Russian and Adyghe. The empirical analysis has allowed to establish four basic ways in which the matching of phraseological units of Russian and Adyghe languages: full matching (equivalent), incomplete compliance (analogues), lack of correspondences in the Russian language, the lack of correspondences in the Circassian language. The analysis confirmed that in the phraseological picture of the world of the compared languages, equivalent phraseological units are found to a greater extent.

scholarly journals The Empirical Analysis to Enhance Taiwanese Satisfaction in Buying Vietnam coffee

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Thi Nham Le ◽  
Chia Nan Wang ◽  
Ying Fang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

<span lang="EN-US">Vietnam coffee industry has been well-known over the world for many decades. However, Vietnam products do not meet Taiwan customers’ expectation, it has lead to urgent challenges for the industry. Therefore, the paper proposed the integrated approach by using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and regression analysis. The results of this study were used to <a name="OLE_LINK175"></a><a name="OLE_LINK174"></a>formulate and recommend on how to improve the products of Vietnam coffee by using SPSS statistics for analysis. The major findings of this paper was found out that there are six important determinants of Taiwanese decision-making in buying coffee. In order to enhance customer satisfaction with the coffee products from Vietnam, the companies need right strategies to improve these six groups of factors. The paper contributes meaningful and helpful results to the development of Vietnam coffee industry.</span>

Symphonic Vision Evening Glow by Juris Karlsons in the Context of Regional Identity

2012 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Andris Vecumnieks
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Universal Solutions

The purpose of this work is to define the significance of the symphonic vision Vakarblāzma (Evening Glow) by Juris Karlsons in the context of regional identity and to indicate the special place of this opus in the music literature of Latvia and the world. The main objectives of the work are to describe and to define the search for national and regional identities in Latvia and in the world as well as to analyse the symphonic vision Vakarblāzma by Juris Karlsons according to the aforementioned descriptions, placing emphasis on the analysis of the unique and individual approaches of the author within the context of common and universal solutions. The main employed methods are the historic analysis of the issue and the empirical analysis, in many cases based on the experiences and personal views of the author Juris Karlsons, expressed in recorded conversations and interviews from 2010 to 2012 (author owns these recordings and retains full rights). Main conclusion – the search for national and regional identity takes place on regular basis in cyclic and spiralled manner, marking new indicators of national identity for every epoch; the unique significance of J. Karlsons is an indicator that permits universal mobility and substitutability.

Uncertainty of Outcome and Radio Policy in Professional Road Cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Larson ◽  
Joel Maxcy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
The World ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
Bicycle Races ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Professional Cycling

The world governing body for cycling proscribed the use of two-way radio communication in road cycling races, with the ban set to become fully effective in 2012. The ban was instituted because radio use was perceived to have altered the cycling competitions by making outcomes more predictable and of less interest to sport’s consumers. This empirical analysis of the policy rationale considers the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH) as it applies to professional cycling races and creates a novel measure, the likelihood of breakaway success (LBS). TheLBSis analyzed in 1436 bicycle races between 1985–2010 to examine potential changes in outcomes associated with the use of two-way radio technology by competitors and team directors. The data suggests that radio technology has had a significant association with event outcome types. The relevance of the findings to intraorganizational communication, management, and hierarchies of sports teams are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Drivers of the Sustainability of Spanish Wineries: Resources and Capabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10171
Author(s):  
María Carmen García-Cortijo ◽  
Juan R. Ferrer ◽  
Juan Sebastián Castillo-Valero ◽  
Vicente Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Marketing Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Resources And Capabilities ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article aims to determine which of a firm’s resources are drivers of its decisions on sustainability policies. For this purpose, it analyses four of the resources that the literature has linked with sustainability: (1) marketing resources, (2) technological resources, (3) innovation resources and (4) financial resources. The study focuses on Spain, which has the largest surface area under vine in the world. The database for the empirical analysis was drawn up from a survey among wineries carried out during 2020 and 2021. A total of 411 observations were valid. From the quantitative analysis, based on Box–Cox models, it can be concluded that adopting sustainability policies requires placing stress on innovation and on the capacity for communicating such innovations so that consumers perceive them as a change for the better; having greater technological or financial resources seems to be insufficient and of little importance. The results indicate that promoting funding and resource availability as basic tools should be reviewed in sustainability policies for wine firms.

Analysis on the European Union and the Concept of Welfare in the Context of the Economic Crisis the Cases of Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Italy

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Luis Rodrigo Rodrigo Asturias Schaub
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Of Greece

The economic crisis of 2007 is still a matter of preoccupation for the countries around the World. The effect of the economic crisis is still in the agendas of many regions, including Europe. The present paper analyzes the effect of the economic crisis on one of the most important values of the European Union: wellbeing. The analysis leads us to the response of two main questions that elaborated the document: What is the current situation in Europe? What is the effect of the current situation in the wellbeing of Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Italy? The countries were chosen because of the similar situation they have concerning debt, inflation, unemployment and the search for immediate solutions. The empirical analysis based an inductive process and correlation and graphical analysis exemplify the situation of wellbeing in Europe.

Influence Factors Research on Microblog Users’ Loyalty - Based on Lifecycle Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 1953-1957
Author(s):  
Jian Dong Wang ◽  
Dong Mei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Customer Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

At present, it has become a hot academic research about microblog in the world. Introducing the customer life cycle theory, through the empirical analysis influence factors of microblog users loyalty in different lifecycle stages, finding factors influence on the microblog users’ loyalty has a significant difference in different lifecycle phase.

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