The Negotiation and Effects of Fiscal Privileges in Guatemala

The present chapter analyzes fiscal privileges in Guatemala from a taxation point of view, identifying the cost that they incur through the tax expenditure methodology. The chapter also discusses the historical situation of Guatemala concerning taxes and its consequence for the social situation and its relation. Therefore, the conclusion of this chapter is that fiscal privileges are politics aimed at minorities that cost more to the society than the benefits they have in Guatemala, as a consequence there is a sacrifice in taxation by benefiting certain sectors.

Taxation and Elites in Central America

The discussion of taxes in Central America has been based in economic and social crises. Because of these efforts, it is imperative to understand the history in order to understand the impact an economic crisis can have on taxes. Therefore, the study presents a research based on a historical approach with the purpose of understanding the different concepts concerning the elites and the evolution of the economic circumstances around it. Also, the discussion concerning inequality and development that evidence that not much has changed.

The Variation in the Weighted Average Interest Rate and Its Influence on the Credit Portfolio of the Guatemalan Financial System

Due to the fact that the active weighted average interest rate that the banks of the national financial system have applied to the loan portfolio has been stable in recent years, it was considered important to calculate the impact of this measure on the performance of the balance of the loan portfolio by economic activity in Guatemala from 2008 to 2016; it was considered this time frame since the consulted web portals shows more information as of 2008. With the above information, it will be possible to observe the important variations and what events could propitiate it, the percentage of growth and which economic sectors have most financed their operations. The increase in the loan portfolio, in addition to being considered a strategic objective of any financial institution to increase its market share and income, is also a sign of confidence among corporate users, family members, and other entities involved in maintaining the national economic stability.

The Transmission of the Great Recession (2008-2009) and the Sovereign Debt Crisis (2010-2012) to Latin America

In this work we discuss econometric evidence on four major issues that relate to the six largest Latin American economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru) during the two consecutive international financial crises between 2008 and 2012. Our first concern has to do with the mechanism of transmission of the international financial crisis and its secondary effects on the real and financial sectors of our sample countries. The second aspect that we explore refers to the actual magnitude of both, real and financial effects of the crisis. Our third objective has to do with an evaluation of the role played by individual countries' external macroeconomic vulnerability. And, finally, we propose a contra-factual analysis of the growth performance of our sample of Latin American economies, with the growth performance they would have experienced in a hypothetical scenario of no external turmoil.

A Study to Analyze the Impact of the Sub-Prime Crisis on IPOs

The study of the IPOs are for a period of 10 years; hence, each company that came out with an IPO between 2004 and 2013 has been studied in terms of the paid up capital raised initially and then broken down into six sectors according to the type of industry they belong. The research is based on the assumption that the subprime crisis had a global effect and hence many developed countries suffered in terms of fall in exports, rise in debt defaults and reduced earrings of the corporate. However, the effect on India was minimal but the worldwide panic was there. The researchers have studied the impact of the subprime crisis on the IPOs issued during pre- and post-subprime crisis. The researchers have used statistical test to study the impact of subprime crisis on the Indian stock market. This compilation is a culmination of comprehensive in-depth study as well as practical experience.

Analysis on the European Union and the Concept of Welfare in the Context of the Economic Crisis the Cases of Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Italy

The economic crisis of 2007 is still a matter of preoccupation for the countries around the World. The effect of the economic crisis is still in the agendas of many regions, including Europe. The present paper analyzes the effect of the economic crisis on one of the most important values of the European Union: wellbeing. The analysis leads us to the response of two main questions that elaborated the document: What is the current situation in Europe? What is the effect of the current situation in the wellbeing of Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Italy? The countries were chosen because of the similar situation they have concerning debt, inflation, unemployment and the search for immediate solutions. The empirical analysis based an inductive process and correlation and graphical analysis exemplify the situation of wellbeing in Europe.

Information Security Management as a Business Strategy and Its Financial Impact

The information security is importance as a strategic process to improve and maintain the continuity of the company. There have been developed various methodologies and risk management, safety guidelines information, however, does not go beyond operational and strategic part of business. Although some methodologies are based on international standards to implement controls to mitigate risks, but not the financial factors that could be impacted by these risks are analyzed. In some companies the legal aspect as a financial category, economic losses is not analyzed as a risk or information theft materializes. There are several methodologies based on guidelines and recommendations and provide general guidance on the management of information security; therefore, for purposes of this scientific research it will be taken into account some relevant points of those standards, which will undoubtedly help establish an appropriate risk methodology and subsequently to the definition of financial criteria for decision-making.

Telecommunications' Impact on Latin America's Economy

The present chapter analyzes the importance of telecommunications and its economic effects by identifying the relation between the amount of telephone lines, both fixed and mobile, and the economy of Latin America as a region since year 1975 to 2015. The relation is demonstrated using a linear regression model. The case of Guatemala is analyzed in more in detail, where telecommunications have developed at an important pace since the privatization of the former public telco operator along crucial regulatory reforms.

Analysis of the Impact of the Economic Crisis of 2008 on the Primary Level of Public Education in Guatemala, in the Period From 2002 to 2015

The objective of this chapter is the analysis of the primary education in Guatemala and if the amount of investment during the period 2002–2015 is significant for the number of children promoted by school year, and if these investments were impacted by the economic crisis of 2008. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the variables with significance where the number of teachers and the budget per year, without relation to economic growth and no impact by the economic crisis on 2008 and with no significant relation with the rate of drop out, which was an important result, especially in primary school. The data analyzed also show that the budget per year for the Ministry of Education doesn't suffer an impact after the economic crisis in 2008, where the author expected to find some problem after the crisis, but that the number of teachers hired in 2009 almost doubles the amount of teachers who were hired in 2008.