Clinical and neuropathological features of a neurodegenerative disorder in the central nervous system with progressive head drooping (Kubisagari)

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Nakao ◽  
K. Sahashi ◽  
Masahiko Takahashi ◽  
Tohru Ibi ◽  
Yoshio Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Clinical and neuropathological features of a neurodegenerative disorder in the central nervous system with progressive head drooping (Kubisagari)

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Nakao ◽  
Ko Sahashi ◽  
Masahiko Takahashi ◽  
Tohru Ibi ◽  
Yoshio Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Nasya A novel route of administration for various Ophthalmic Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay G. Dhakate ◽  
Apurva Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Charakacharya explains that the channels carrying the sensory and motor impulse from the shiras are like the rays from the sun1. Since it is described that Nasa is the gateway for Shiras2. Dvaram hi siraso nasa. Dvaram denotes door, which is used to facilitate the entry or an exit. Acharya Charaka gives importance to nasya as he compiles Nasya in Panchkarma and devote separate chapter on Nasya procedure, types, indications. As mentioned in Astaangahridya sutra Nasya is useful in all the diseases above clavical2. Nasya is the noninvasive method that bypass the blood brain barrier and targets drugs to the central nervous system to treat neurodegenerative disorder as eye resides in head, thus Nasya can be one of the prime procedure to treat eye health and eye disorder.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease: Past, Present, and Potential Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Truong ◽  
Jose Quiroz ◽  
Ronny Priefer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline. Although there is yet to be a cure nor a way to reverse the neuronal damage, there are current treatments to amend some of the cognitive symptoms associated with AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi) are the primary agents of choice and have had profound implications throughout the past decades. AChEi such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine mediates and increases cholinergic activities in the central nervous system (CNS), and have been shown to improve and preserve cognition in AD patients. Beyond the current drugs on the market, investigational discoveries continue to explore the potential of safer and more efficacious AChEi agents for the treatment of AD. There have been quite a few challenges, given the high failure rates. Yet, these very trials and studies have been a fundamental step towards better understanding the treatments of AD and have provided some insight on the potential to surpass what is currently available.

scholarly journals The Delivery Challenge in Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Nanoparticles Role in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de la Torre ◽  
Valentín Ceña
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global View ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the main causes of disability and dependency among elderly people. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible cognitive impairment, whose etiology is unclear because of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology. A global view of the AD pathophysiology is described in order to understand the need for an effective treatment and why nanoparticles (NPs) could be an important weapon against neurodegenerative diseases by solving the general problem of poor delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) for many drugs. Drug delivery into the CNS is one of the most challenging objectives in pharmaceutical design, due to the limited access to the CNS imposed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the use of NPs as delivery systems for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in models of AD.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Exosomes in Huntington’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4085
Author(s):  
Hanadi Ananbeh ◽  
Petr Vodicka ◽  
Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by expression of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) with an abnormal number of glutamine repeats in its N terminus, and characterized by intracellular mHTT aggregates (inclusions) in the brain. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are secreted generally by all cell types and can be isolated from almost all body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Exosomes may participate in the spreading of toxic misfolded proteins across the central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases. In HD, such propagation of mHTT was observed both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, exosomes might carry molecules with neuroprotective effects. In addition, due to their capability to cross blood-brain barrier, exosomes hold great potential as sources of biomarkers available from periphery or carriers of therapeutics into the central nervous system. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of exosomes in HD pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.

scholarly journals Current treatment options for Parkinson’s disease and the existing status of nanotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423
Author(s):  
Kannekanti Teja ◽  
Asha Spandana K M ◽  
Amit B Patil1 ◽  
Vishakante Gowda D ◽  
Narahari Rishitha
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with dopaminergic neuron degeneration and/or loss of neuronal activity. Current idiopathic PD treatments focus primarily on the use of pharmacological agents to improve PD patients ' motor symptoms. PD remains to be an incurable disease so far. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches for PD therapy is of utmost significance. Several molecular and gene therapy methods have been established over the past 20 years to counteract or retard the development of PD. Severe side effects are found in many native therapies. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies remain in demand for development. Nanomedicine seems to be a significant medical application in nanotechnology that demonstrates promising future in drug delivery to the central nervous system. BBB stands throughout the central nervous system as a gateway to drug targeting. Drug delivery, based on nano-particles that always avoids Blood-Brain Barrier protection, Different potential therapies based on nanoparticles and nanosystems are explored various benefits. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of this field of PD-related therapies and significant breakthroughs. To do so, this review will begin by concentrating on PD characterization, pathophysiology, etiology and present therapy choices that subsequently cover molecular, gene therapy, and nanotechnology formulations that are currently being studied in animal PD models or lately tested in clinical trials.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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