scholarly journals High-throughput phenotyping platform for analyzing drought tolerance in rice

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Lim Kim ◽  
Nyunhee Kim ◽  
Hongseok Lee ◽  
Eungyeong Lee ◽  
Kyeong-Seong Cheon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Cycles ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Abstract Main conclusion A new imaging platform was constructed to analyze drought-tolerant traits of rice. Rice was used to quantify drought phenotypes through image-based parameters and analyzing tools. Abstract Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of drought, which limits crop production worldwide. Developing new cultivars with increased drought tolerance and short breeding cycles is critical. However, achieving this goal requires phenotyping a large number of breeding populations in a short time and in an accurate manner. Novel cutting-edge technologies such as those based on remote sensors are being applied to solve this problem. In this study, new technologies were applied to obtain and analyze imaging data and establish efficient screening platforms for drought tolerance in rice using the drought-tolerant mutant osphyb. Red–Green–Blue images were used to predict plant area, color, and compactness. Near-infrared imaging was used to determine the water content of rice, infrared was used to assess plant temperature, and fluorescence was used to examine photosynthesis efficiency. DroughtSpotter technology was used to determine water use efficiency, plant water loss rate, and transpiration rate. The results indicate that these methods can detect the difference between tolerant and susceptible plants, suggesting their value as high-throughput phenotyping methods for short breeding cycles as well as for functional genetic studies of tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Root and canopy traits and adaptability genes explain drought tolerance mechanism in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Nehe ◽  
M. J. Foulkes ◽  
I. Ozturk ◽  
A. Rasheed ◽  
L. York ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Green Area ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is one of main staple food crops worldwide contributing 20% calories in human diet. Drought stress is the main factor limiting yields and threatening to food security, with climate change resulting in more frequent and intense drought. Developing drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is a promising way forward. The use of a holistic approaches that include high-throughput phenotyping and genetic makers in selection could help in accelerating genetic gains. Fifty advanced breeding lines were selected from the CIMMYT Turkey winter wheat breeding program and studied under irrigated and semiarid conditions for two years. High-throughput phenotyping were done for wheat crown root traits using shovelomics techniques and canopy green area and senescence dynamics using vegetation indices (green area using RGB images and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index using spectral reflectance). In addition, genotyping by KASP markers for adaptability genes was done. Overall, under semiarid conditions compared to irrigated conditions yield reduced by 3.09 t ha−1 (−46.8%). Significant difference between the treatment and genotype was observed for grain yield and senescence traits. Genotypes responded differently under drought stress. Root traits including shallower nodal root angle under irrigated conditions and root number per shoot under semiarid conditions were associated with increased grain yield. RGB based vegetation index measuring canopy green area at anthesis was more strongly associated with GY than NDVI under drought. Five established functional genes (PRR73.A1 – flowering time, TEF-7A – grain size and weight, TaCwi.4A - yield under drought, Dreb1-drought tolerance, and ISBW11.GY.QTL.CANDIDATE- grain yield) were associated with different drought-tolerance traits in this experiment. We conclude that a combination of high-throughput phenotyping and selection for genetic markers can help to develop drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Review: Cost-Effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform for Field Plant Breeding Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
GyuJin Jang ◽  
Jaeyoung Kim ◽  
Ju-Kyung Yu ◽  
Hak-Jin Kim ◽  
Yoonha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Utilization of remote sensing is a new wave of modern agriculture that accelerates plant breeding and research, and the performance of farming practices and farm management. High-throughput phenotyping is a key advanced agricultural technology and has been rapidly adopted in plant research. However, technology adoption is not easy due to cost limitations in academia. This article reviews various commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms as a high-throughput phenotyping technology for plant breeding. It compares known commercial UAV platforms that are cost-effective and manageable in field settings and demonstrates a general workflow for high-throughput phenotyping, including data analysis. The authors expect this article to create opportunities for academics to access new technologies and utilize the information for their research and breeding programs in more workable ways.

scholarly journals Genome-wide transcriptional changes triggered by water deficit on a drought-tolerant common bean cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefat Gregorio Jorge ◽  
Miguel Angel Villalobos-López ◽  
Karen Lizeth Chavarría-Alvarado ◽  
Selma Ríos-Meléndez ◽  
Melina López-Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Enriched Categories ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abstract Background Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a relevant crop cultivated over the world, largely in water insufficiency vulnerable areas. Since drought is the main environmental factor restraining worldwide crop production, efforts have been invested to amend drought tolerance in commercial common bean varieties. However, scarce molecular data are available for those cultivars of P. vulgaris with drought tolerance attributes. Results As a first approach, Pinto Saltillo (PS), Azufrado Higuera (AH), and Negro Jamapa Plus (NP) were assessed phenotypically and physiologically to determine the outcome in response to drought on these common bean cultivars. Based on this, a Next-generation sequencing approach was applied to PS, which was the most drought-tolerant cultivar to determine the molecular changes at the transcriptional level. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous PS genes are dynamically modulated by drought. In brief, 1005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, from which 645 genes were up-regulated by drought stress, whereas 360 genes were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the enriched categories of the up-regulated genes in response to drought fit to processes related to carbohydrate metabolism (polysaccharide metabolic processes), particularly genes encoding proteins located within the cell periphery (cell wall dynamics). In the case of down-regulated genes, heat shock-responsive genes, mainly associated with protein folding, chloroplast, and oxidation-reduction processes were identified. Conclusions Our findings suggest that secondary cell wall (SCW) properties contribute to P. vulgaris L. drought tolerance through alleviation or mitigation of drought-induced osmotic disturbances, making cultivars more adaptable to such stress. Altogether, the knowledge derived from this study is significant for a forthcoming understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance on common bean, especially for drought-tolerant cultivars such as PS.

scholarly journals The deep Chandra survey in the SDSS J1030+0524 field

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. A52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nanni ◽  
R. Gilli ◽  
C. Vignali ◽  
M. Mignoli ◽  
A. Peca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Deep Fields ◽  
Initial Source

We present the X-ray source catalog for the ∼479 ks Chandra exposure of the SDSS J1030+0524 field, which is centered on a region that shows the best evidence to date of an overdensity around a z > 6 quasar, and also includes a galaxy overdensity around a Compton-thick Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxy at z = 1.7. Using wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for source photometry and significance assessment, we create preliminary catalogs of sources that are detected in the full (0.5−7.0 keV), soft (0.5−2.0 keV), and hard (2−7 keV) bands, respectively. We produce X-ray simulations that mirror our Chandra observation to filter our preliminary catalogs and achieve a completeness level of > 91% and a reliability level of ∼95% in each band. The catalogs in the three bands are then matched into a final main catalog of 256 unique sources. Among them, 244, 193, and 208 are detected in the full, soft, and hard bands, respectively. The Chandra observation covers a total area of 335 arcmin2 and reaches flux limits over the central few square arcmins of ∼3 × 10−16, 6 × 10−17, and 2 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the full, soft, and hard bands, respectively This makes J1030 field the fifth deepest extragalactic X-ray survey to date. The field is part of the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC), and is also covered by optical imaging data from the Large Binocular Camera (LBC) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), near-infrared imaging data from the Canada France Hawaii Telescope WIRCam (CFHT/WIRCam), and Spitzer IRAC. Thanks to its dense multi-wavelength coverage, J1030 represents a legacy field for the study of large-scale structures around distant accreting supermassive black holes. Using a likelihood ratio analysis, we associate multi-band (r, z, J, and 4.5 μm) counterparts for 252 (98.4%) of the 256 Chandra sources, with an estimated reliability of 95%. Finally, we compute the cumulative number of sources in each X-ray band, finding that they are in general agreement with the results from the Chandra Deep Fields.

scholarly journals Advancing High-Throughput Phenotyping of Wheat in Early Selection Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Samuel Knapp ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Spectral Sensing

Enhancing plant breeding to ensure global food security requires new technologies. For wheat phenotyping, only limited seeds and resources are available in early selection cycles. This forces breeders to use small plots with single or multiple row plots in order to include the maximum number of genotypes/lines for their assessment. High-throughput phenotyping through remote sensing may meet the requirements for the phenotyping of thousands of genotypes grown in small plots in early selection cycles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for assessing the grain yield of wheat genotypes in different row numbers per plot in the early selection cycles with ground-based spectral sensing. A field experiment consisting of 32 wheat genotypes with four plot designs (1, 2, 3, and 12 rows per plot) was conducted. Near infrared (NIR)-based spectral indices showed significant correlations (p < 0.01) with the grain yield at flowering to grain filling, regardless of row numbers, indicating the potential of spectral indices as indirect selection traits for the wheat grain yield. Compared with terrestrial sensing, aerial-based sensing from UAV showed consistently higher levels of association with the grain yield, indicating that an increased precision may be obtained and is expected to increase the efficiency of high-throughput phenotyping in large-scale plant breeding programs. Our results suggest that high-throughput sensing from UAV may become a convenient and efficient tool for breeders to promote a more efficient selection of improved genotypes in early selection cycles. Such new information may support the calibration of genomic information by providing additional information on other complex traits, which can be ascertained by spectral sensing.

scholarly journals Galaxy build-up at cosmic dawn: Insights from deep observations with Hubble, Spitzer, and ALMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S352) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Pascal Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Rest Frame ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Early Galaxies ◽  
Stellar Masses

AbstractOver the last few years, great progress has been made in understanding the build-up of the first generations of galaxies based on deep optical and near-infrared imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. However, HST only samples the rest-frame UV light of galaxies at z …4, providing only limited information on the dust obscuration and on stellar masses of these sources. Fortunately, several Spitzer/IRAC programs have complemented the extragalactic HST fields with ultra-deep imaging data, allowing for a rest-frame optical view on early galaxies. Together with first ALMA/ NOEMA (sub)mm observations on distant galaxies, we are starting to gain a more and more complete picture of galaxy star-formation and mass build-up in the early universe. In this talk, I will present an overview of our current understanding of normal star-forming galaxies at z > 3 based the combination of HST+Spitzer+ALMA/NOEMA data. In particular, I will show how HST as already pushed into JWST territory with the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy at z = 11.1 ± 0.1, only : 400 Myr after the Big Bang. I will also highlight some of the exciting possibilities that lie ahead with JWST to push the spectroscopic frontier to the cosmic dawn and to finally probe the physics of early galaxies.

scholarly journals Stellar substructures in the periphery of the magellanic clouds with the VISTA hemisphere survey from the red clump and other tracers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal El Youssoufi ◽  
Maria-Rosa L Cioni ◽  
Cameron P M Bell ◽  
Richard de Grijs ◽  
Martin A T Groenewegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Red Clump ◽  
Interaction History

Abstract We study the morphology of the stellar periphery of the Magellanic Clouds in search of substructure using near–infrared imaging data from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS). Based on the selection of different stellar populations using the (J − Ks, Ks) colour–magnitude diagram, we confirm the presence of substructures related to the interaction history of the Clouds and find new substructures on the eastern side of the LMC disc which may be owing to the influence of the Milky Way, and on the northern side of the SMC, which is probably associated to the ellipsoidal structure of the galaxy. We also study the luminosity function of red clump stars in the SMC and confirm the presence of a bi–modal distance distribution, in the form of a foreground population. We find that this bi–modality is still detectable in the eastern regions of the galaxy out to a 10○ distance from its centre. Additionally, a background structure is detected in the North between 7○ and 10○ from the centre which might belong to the Counter Bridge, and a foreground structure is detected in the South between 6○ and 8○ from the centre which might be linked to the Old Bridge.

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