scholarly journals Diagnostic significance of reassessment of prostate biopsy specimens by experienced urological pathologists at a high-volume institution

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Okubo ◽  
Yayoi Yamamoto ◽  
Shinya Sato ◽  
Emi Yoshioka ◽  
Masaki Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Agreement Rate ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Positive Core ◽  
Chi Square Test

AbstractIn prostate cancer, accurate diagnosis and grade group (GG) decision based on biopsy findings are essential for determining treatment strategies. Diagnosis by experienced urological pathologists is recommended; however, their contribution to patient benefits remains unknown. Therefore, we analyzed clinicopathological information to determine the significance of reassessment by experienced urological pathologists at a high-volume institution to identify factors involved in the agreement or disagreement of biopsy and surgical GGs. In total, 1325 prostate adenocarcinomas were analyzed, and the GG was changed in 452/1325 (34.1%) cases (359 cases were upgraded, and 93 cases were downgraded). We compared the highest GG based on biopsy specimens, with the final GG based on surgical specimens of 210 cases. The agreement rate between the surgical GG performed and assessed in our institute and the highest biopsy GG assessed by an outside pathologist was 34.8% (73/210); the agreement rate increased significantly to 50% (105/210) when biopsy specimens were reevaluated in our institute (chi-square test, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the length of the lesion in the positive core with the highest GG in the biopsy was a significant factor for determining the agreement between biopsy GG and surgical GG, with an odds ratio of 1.136 (95% confidence interval: 1.057–1.221; P < 0.01). Thus, reassessment by experienced urological pathologists at high-volume institutions improved the agreement rate. However, it should be noted there is a high probability of discordance between a small number of lesions or short lesions and surgical GG.

Abstract 56: Acute Stroke Reperfusion Treatment Rates at NIH StrokeNET Hospitals

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeolu Adeoye ◽  
Dawn Kleindorfer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Reperfusion Phase

Background: In 2013, the NIH Stroke Trials Network (StrokeNET) was established to maximize efficiencies in stroke clinical trials. Successful recruitment in future trials was required for participating sites. A high volume of cases treated is a surrogate for the potential to recruit. Among Medicare-eligible acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, we estimated the IV rt-PA and endovascular embolectomy treatment rates at StrokeNET Regional Coordinating Centers and their partner hospitals compared with non-StrokeNET hospitals in the United States (US). Methods: We used demographics and IV rt-PA and embolectomy rates in the 2013 Medicare Provider and Analysis Review (MEDPAR) dataset. ICD-9 codes 433.xx, 434.xx and 436 identified AIS cases. ICD-9 code 99.10 defined rt-PA treatment and ICD-9 code 39.74 defined embolectomy. Demographics and treatment rates at StrokeNET and non-StrokeNET sites were compared using t-test for proportions and Chi-square test for categorical variables as appropriate. Results: Of 386,157 AIS primary diagnosis discharges, 5.1% received IV rt-PA and 0.8% had embolectomy (Table). By June 6, 2014, StrokeNET comprised 247 acute care hospitals that discharged 48,946 (13%) out of 386,157 AIS cases. rt-PA (7.4% vs 4.8%) and embolectomy (1.9% vs 0.6%) treatment rates were higher at StrokeNET hospitals. In 2013, 36% of StrokeNET hospitals treated more than 20 AIS cases with rt-PA or embolectomy compared with 6% of non-StrokeNET hospitals (P<0.0001).Conclusions StrokeNET hospitals treat more AIS cases with acute reperfusion therapies. Thus, StrokeNET could successfully recruit in acute reperfusion clinical trials depending on study size, capture of eligible patients and the number of competing trials. We likely underestimated treatment rates due to not accounting for drip-and-ship and non-Medicare cases. To further enhance enrollments in large acute reperfusion phase 3 trials, partnership with high volume non-StrokeNET hospitals may be warranted.

scholarly journals Exploring the association between adverse maternal circumstances and low birth weight in neonates: a nationwide population-based study in Bangladesh

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036162
Author(s):  
Md Mostaured Ali Khan ◽  
Md Golam Mustagir ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Sharif Kaikobad ◽  
Hafiz TA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Designs

ObjectiveThis study is concerned with helping to improve the health and care of newborn babies in Bangladesh by exploring adverse maternal circumstances and assessing whether these are contributing towards low birth weight (LBW) in neonates.Study designs and settingsData were drawn and analysed from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. Any association between LBW and adverse maternal circumstances were assessed using a Chi-square test with determinants of LBW identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ParticipantsThe study is based on 4728 children aged below 5 years and born to women from selected households.ResultsThe rate of LBW was around 19.9% (199 per 1000 live births) with the highest level found in the Sylhet region (26.2%). The rate was even higher in rural areas (20.8%) and among illiterate mothers (26.6%). Several adverse maternal circumstances of the women included in the survey were found to be significant for increasing the likelihood of giving birth to LBW babies. These circumstances included the women being underweight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.49); having unwanted births (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.44); had previous pregnancies terminated (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.57); were victims of intimate partner violence (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.45) and taking antenatal care <4 times (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). Other important risk factors that were revealed included age at birth <18 years (AOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.83) and intervals between the number of births <24 months (AOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.55). When taking multiple fertility behaviours together such as, the ages of the women at birth (<18 years with interval <24 months (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.57) and birth order (>3 with interval <24 months (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.37), then the risk of having LBW babies significantly increased.ConclusionThis study finds that adverse maternal circumstances combined with high-risk fertility behaviours are significantly associated with LBW in neonates. This situation could severely impede progress in Bangladesh towards achieving the sustainable development goal concerned with the healthcare of newborns.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors For Three Pronuclear Zygote In Ivf Cycle

KnE Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Wiweko
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p>Introduction: Preimplantation Genetic Testing is one of the methods to screen genetic defects in embryos created through In Vitro Fertilization. In developing country this technique is still new and expensive method. Thus, knowing several factors in predicting the occurrence of three-pronuclear zygote can help much.</p><p>Method: 472 cycles in 449 subjects who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF cycles between January 2013 and August 2014 were included in the study. Categorical variables were compared using Chi Square test and continuous variables were analyzed using Independent t-test, and statistically significant was considered when p &lt; 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in order to correlate clinical variables and the occurrence of three-pronuclear zygote (3pn). </p><p>Results: There were 38 3pn was identified in this study (8.05%). No correlation was found between age of the women, number of mature follicles, which are less than six with the incidence of 3pn. However, level of Anti Mullerian Hormones (AMH) found to be the strongest predictor with the incidence of 3PN (p &lt; 0,01, RR 2.5, CI95% 1,55; 4.16).</p><p>Conclusion: level of AMH is known to be strong predictor of thee pronuclear zygote after IVF cycle.</p>

scholarly journals Pathological Investigations And Correlation Research of Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4 And Tropoelastin In Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjie Liu ◽  
Wenqun Gou ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), distinguished by abnormal collagen deposition, is a precancerous disorder with 7%-30% of malignant transformation and rising global prevalence. However, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment still remains elusive and controversial despite superfluity of literature. Therefore, it is extremely necessary and significant to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and potential markers for diagnosis and prognosis of OSF. Here, the objective of this research is to evaluate the influence and correlation of Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 [MFAP4] and tropoelastin [TE] on the development of OSF patients. Material and Methods: Classic clinicopathological factors, HE and Masson trichome staining, immunohistochemical characteristics and the correlation (MFAP4 and TE) were recorded and compared among different stages of OSF cases (n = 60) and among those normal individuals (n = 10). Then, the comparison using Student's t test, ANOVA analysis, the chi-square test for categorical variables was conducted in clinicopathological characteristics and the expression level of MFAP4 and TE between the patients' and normal tissue. The correlation analysis of MFAP4 and TE were assessed via means of Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. Results: MFAP4 and TE proteins are upregulated and even increasing gradually in varying grades of OSF patients relative to the normal cases. Furthermore, statistical analyses yielded that the expression level of MFAP4 was positively associated with TE, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.3781 (p = 0.0048). Clinically, we found that OSF affected more male than female with a ratio of 29: 1. The age range was 16-60 years, and the mean age was 36.25 ± 10.25 years old. Moreover, the positive expression rate of MFAP4 and TE in patients less than 40 years old is higher than that of those over 40 years old. Meanwhile, all OSF cases had chewed areca nut, with 51.67% smoking tobacco. Conclusions: Our study elucidates that the accumulation of MFAP4 and TE proteins may play a vitally important effect in the occurrence and development of OSF and has a hope to become a promising candidate molecular for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of OSF in the future.

CALGB 90203 (Alliance): Radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (CHT) in men with clinically localized, high-risk prostate cancer (CLHRPC).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5079-5079 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Andrew Eastham ◽  
Glenn Heller ◽  
Susan Halabi ◽  
Paul Monk ◽  
Steven K. Clinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Chi Square Test

5079 Background: Neoadjuvant CHT followed by RP did not increase 3-year biochemical progression free-survival (bPFS) compared to RP alone in men with CLHRPC. However, there is evidence that bPFS and overall survival over time was improved. In the current analysis we assessed whether CHT followed by RP improved pathological specimen features compared to RP alone. Methods: CALGB 90203 (Alliance) is a Phase III study which randomly assigned, in a 1:1 fashion, men with CLHRPC [biopsy Gleason Grade Group (GGG) 4 or 5 or Kattan pre-op nomogram bPFS < 60%] to RP alone or RP plus neoadjuvant CHT [androgen deprivation plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles)]. We conducted an exploratory analysis comparing histologic findings, determined at the treating center, in the RP specimens of men receiving CHT plus RP and men treated with RP alone. We used the Chi-square test, with P-values adjusted by the Holm method for multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 788 men (median age, 62; range: 32-83 years) were randomized, with 738 ultimately undergoing RP. There was no difference in pathologic GGG (Table). Men treated with neoadjuvant CHT had a lower pathologic T-stage and lower likelihood of having seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), positive pelvic lymph nodes, or positive surgical margins (SM) (Table). Conclusions: Most pathologic features in the RP specimen were improved in men receiving neoadjuvant CHT compared to RP alone. The relationship between pathologic changes and the development of metastasis and survival require further analysis. RP pathologic outcomes. Summary statistics are calculated for the number of patients with non-missing data for each characteristic. Clinical trial information: NCT00430183. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and drug use among nursing staff professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Aparecida de Barros Junqueira ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Lúcio Borges de Araújo ◽  
Maria Cristina de Moura Ferreira ◽  
Carla Denari Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate possible relationships between drug abuse, symptoms suggestive of depression and gender in nursing team professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in a general hospital with 416 participants. Used questionnaire with sociodemographic information, ASSIST, AUDIT-C and PHQ-2 tests. Used Fisher's Exact Tests, Chi-Square Test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The female gender presented decreased odds ratios for alcohol consumption in the binge pattern and use of marijuana; and double odds ratios for feelings of lack of interest and pleasure. Symptoms suggestive of depression presented potential risks for the use of sedatives. Conclusion: Drug abuse and symptoms of depression are associated and manifest differently, according to gender among nursing staff professionals. Implications for practice: Social and gender roles influence the mental health conditions of these professionals.

scholarly journals Discrimination between Malignant and Benign Vertebral Fractures Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Takigawa ◽  
Masato Tanaka ◽  
Yoshihisa Sugimoto ◽  
Tomoko Tetsunaga ◽  
Keiichiro Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Chi Square Test

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Retrospective analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To identify MRI features that could discriminate benign from malignant vertebral fractures.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Discrimination between benign and malignant vertebral fractures remains challenging, particularly in patients with osteoporosis and cancer. Presently, the most sensitive means of detecting and assessing fracture etiology is MRI. However, published reports have focused on only one or a few discriminators.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Totally, 106 patients were assessed by MRI within six weeks of sustaining 114 thoracic and/or lumbar vertebral fractures (benign, n=65; malignant, n=49). The fractures were pathologically confirmed if malignant or clinically diagnosed if benign and were followed up for a minimum of six months. Seventeen features were analyzed in all fractures' magnetic resonance images. Single parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test; a logit model was established using multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The chi-square test revealed 11 malignant and 4 benign parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis selected (i) posterior wall diffuse protrusion (odds ratio [OR], 48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–548; <italic>p</italic>=0.002), (ii) pedicle involvement (OR, 21; 95% CI, 2.0–229; <italic>p</italic>=0.01), (iii) posterior involvement (OR, 21; 95% CI, 1.5–21; <italic>p</italic>=0.02), and (iv) band pattern (OR, 0.047; 95% CI, 0.0005–4.7; <italic>p</italic>=0.19). The logit model was expressed as P=1/[1+exp (x)], x=−3.88×(i)−3.05×(ii)−3.02×(iii)+3.05×(iv)+5.00, where P is the probability of malignancy. The total predictive value was 97.3%. The only exception was multiple myeloma with features of a benign fracture.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Although each MRI feature had a different meaning with a variable differentiation power, combining them led to an accurate diagnosis. This study identified the most relevant MRI features that would be helpful in discriminating benign from malignant vertebral fractures.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omole Ohonsi Abiodun ◽  
Belga Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective (s): To determine the aetiological factors of preterm deliveries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria..Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted between 1st June 2006 and 31st May 2007.One hundred and forty eight women with preterm deliveries (cases) were compared with seven hundred and forty women who delivered at term (control). Data analysis was done using Epi- Info software (6.0 CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The contribution of the risk factors were estimated using chi square test and a p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The period incidence of preterm deliveries was 69 per 1000 births. Unbooked and low socioeconomic statuses, primigravidity, previous preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy were significant risk factors that were associated with preterm delivery. These associations were still demonstrable after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusion: Early girl marriage and childbearing and spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes not to be independent risk factors in this study. Women with risk factors should be managed in specialist hospitals.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 9-14

scholarly journals The frequency-amplitude gradient in the sleep EEG of children and its diagnostic significance

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2A) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Nogueira Aucélio ◽  
Ernst Niedermeyer ◽  
Áurea Nogueira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
Neurological Finding ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: 1014 EEGs of children in the 3-months to 12-years age group were obtained during sleep with the purpose of assessing the frequency and amplitude gradient (FAG) its absence thought to be an indicator of neurological disorder. METHOD: FAG findings were divided into present/absent. The neurological findings were classified according to the presence (abnormal neurological finding-ANF) or absence (normal neurological finding-NNF) of neurological disorder. The association and significance between FAG and neurological findings was determined by prevalence ration (PR) and chi-square test (chi2). RESULTS: FAG showed a characteristic distributions of voltage output during non-REM sleep, stage II, in the 3-months to 5-years age group with NNF. The PR and the chi2 test demonstrated a strong association between FAG absent and ANF. CONCLUSION: FAG is an age-dependent EEG sleep parameter and absence of FAG in the 3-months to 5-years age group is highly suggestive of neurological disorder.

scholarly journals Serum miR-218 is a Potential Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqian Zhang ◽  
Tianqi Mao ◽  
Zhicheng He ◽  
Xiaojiao Wu ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Serum Microrna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Our study was designed to explore the diagnostic role of serum microRNA-218 (miR-218) in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: Serum level of miR-218 was measured in 117 CRC samples and 88 normal controls using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was performed to assess the relationships between miR-218 expression and clinical characteristics of CRC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was established to investigate the diagnostic significance of miR-218 in CRC with the area under ROC curve (AUC).Results: MiR-218 was found to be weekly expressed in CRC serum samples compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). And the down-regulation of miR-218 shared close relationships with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), vascular invasion (P = 0.020) and TNM stage (P = 0.031). However, age, tumor size and gender had no significant influence on miR-218 expression (P > 0.05). According to the ROC curve, miR-218 yielded an AUC value of 0.897 and an optimal cutoff point value of 0.021, providing a 83.8% sensitivity and a 78.4% specificity. Conclusion: In summary, decreased expression of serum miR-218 was detected in CRC patients and the expression of miR-218 was a diagnostic marker in CRC.

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