scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omole Ohonsi Abiodun ◽  
Belga Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective (s): To determine the aetiological factors of preterm deliveries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria..Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted between 1st June 2006 and 31st May 2007.One hundred and forty eight women with preterm deliveries (cases) were compared with seven hundred and forty women who delivered at term (control). Data analysis was done using Epi- Info software (6.0 CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The contribution of the risk factors were estimated using chi square test and a p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The period incidence of preterm deliveries was 69 per 1000 births. Unbooked and low socioeconomic statuses, primigravidity, previous preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy were significant risk factors that were associated with preterm delivery. These associations were still demonstrable after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusion: Early girl marriage and childbearing and spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes not to be independent risk factors in this study. Women with risk factors should be managed in specialist hospitals.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 9-14

scholarly journals Born Too Soon; Implications in a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Nwoga Hope Obiageli ◽  
Ajuba Miriam Obinwanne ◽  
Igweagu Chukwuma Paulinus
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Enugu State

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a complex complication of pregnancy with multiple etiologies. This results in long term medical burdens to the families and health care system at large. The objective of the study was to determine the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics that affect preterm delivery. Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Data for the study were retrieved from the ante-natal and delivery card of the women that delivered at the unit within the time of data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and variables were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p value ≤ 0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted preterm delivery. Results: Majority of them were married 746(96.9%), Igbos 763(99.1) and Christians 766(99.5%). Most of the women were civil servants 429(55.7%), while about 31.3% of them were unemployed 241(31.3%). Majority of the women 484(62.9%) had tertiary education. About 48% of them delivered through caesarean section while 53.9% booked within 14-28weeks gestation. Delivering through caesarean section and gestational age at booking predicted preterm delivery. Un-booked mothers have about 7times odds of having PTB when compared to those that booked at ≥28 week’s gestation. Conclusion: The prevalence of PTB is still high in Nigeria. Booking status of the mother and C/S delivery were found to be strongly associated with preterm delivery. Key words: Enugu State, Nigeria, Preterm delivery, Prevalence, Tertiary health facility.

scholarly journals Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Milhomem Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
José Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Daniela Medeiros Milhomem Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESEsophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls.METHODSThe variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTSThe risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer.CONCLUSIONIn a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Spinal Anesthesia in Orotta, Halibet and Sembel Hospitals: A Cross Sectional Study in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael Beraki Mengistu ◽  
◽  
Yonatan Mehari Andemeske ◽  
AriamTsegay Emhatsion ◽  
HabtomTareke Wrieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Delirium is a common but often underdiagnosed set of transient symptoms often seen in elderly patients following surgeries under spinal anesthesia. With early recognition and diagnosis based on the established standard criteria delirium can be improved. Early identification of the possible contributingfactors and the magnitude of the burden will help in the management of the fragile elderly patients. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of postoperative delirium and associated risk factors in elderly patients who have done surgery under spinal anesthesia. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the National Referral Hospitals and Sembel PrivateHospital, in Asmara, Eritrea from February to May, 2019. The study participants were elderly patients (age ≥65 years) having no known history of dementia or delirium or no mental disorder, no history of acute cerebrovascular disease. Basic background and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. To assess the status of cognitive impairment level, the Mini Mental State Examination and Confusion Assessment Method tools were used. Data was collected through an interview method. After the data was entered into SPSS version 22 software, data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method as appropriate. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 74 ±6.62 and 102 (79.1%) of the participants were males. POD occurred in 14 (10.9%) of the patients. Adjusting all the potential factors, age was identified as arisk factor for developing POD. Conclusion: Age was determined to be a significant risk factor of delirium. Elderly patients require more attention and care and the findings might help to develop preventive strategies to the occurrence of POD

scholarly journals Anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Figueiredo de Souza ◽  
Luciana Dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Adriane De Souza Belfort ◽  
Andrey Luiz Lopes Cordeiro ◽  
Michelle Federle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Blood samples were collected from 89 cats to assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and the possible risk factors associated with feline Toxoplasma gondii infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was developed and implemented for owners of domestic cats domiciled in Rio Branco, Acre. The results were statistically evaluated with the odds ratio and chi-square tests, considering the significance level of 5%. Of 89 animals’ samples, 22 had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Among the 22 reactive animals, 15 (68.19%) were female, 15 (68.19%) were less than one year old and 20 (90%) were cross breed. Concerning risk factors, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the variables evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, 16 (72%) cats were fed a mixed diet, 20 (90%) of the cats had hunting habits, 18 (81%) had contact with animals of another species, 11 (50%) had access to the street, and 22 (95%) lived in homes that had areas of grass or dirt. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats was 22.7%, and there were no significant risk factors for feline toxoplasmosis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre.

Facial Location and Operating Room Environment are the Risk Factors for Incomplete Excision of Melanocytic Nevi

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Oskar Zgraj ◽  
Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk ◽  
Wojciech Gorecki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Incomplete Excision ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction The management of melanocytic nevi involves many various practitioners with a high number of patients. Data on failure to achieve goals of treatment are scarce. We aimed to determine percentage of incompletely excised nevi and the risk factors responsible. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, histology reports of all melanocytic nevi excised within our department between January 2014 and June 2015 were considered. Those aimed for stage excision and those with inconclusive histology reports were excluded. Patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the lesion, its size, as well as source of specimen (general surgical outpatients, surgical oncology outpatients, and operating room), and performing surgeon (trainee vs. consultant) were recorded. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant. Results A total of 739 nevi in 541 patients were analyzed. Positive margins were found in 80 (11%) of all specimens. There was significantly increased rate of incomplete excision of nevi from the facial area (42%; p < 0.001) versus other areas and, surprisingly, those excised in the operating room under general anesthesia (19%; p = 0.009). Nevi excised at our surgical oncology outpatients had the lowest rate (8%, p = 0.013) of incomplete excisions. There were no statistically significant differences in other variables. Conclusion We identified facial location and operating room environment as risk factors for incomplete excision of melanocytic nevi. We suggest that human factors play a key role in achieving a good quality of service.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Phlebitis in The Installation of Intravent Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hajar Acintya Farah ◽  
Bambang Sarwono ◽  
Heru Supriyatno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injection Drugs ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: A hospital is a health service facility that allows nosocomial infections, namely phlebitis. Phlebitis is a complication of intravenous catheter placement that is characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and fever. The high rate of phlebitis in various countries is due to the risk factors that predispose to the incidence of phlebitis due to intravenous catheter placement.Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for phlebitis in intravenous catheter placement.Methodology: This study uses an observational analytic method with a cohort design. The study was conducted on 27 February - 14 March 2020 with 22 samples taken using purposive accidental sampling in the inward and RST surgery Dr. Soedjono Magelang. The instrument used was an observation sheet designed by researchers that had been tested by experts and a standard operational checklist for infusion. Data analysis uses a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: The incidence of phlebitis was 7 respondents (31.8%) and the associated risk factors were the type of infusion fluid (RR = 4.37 CI 95% 1.09-17.58; p-value 0.020). While the factors of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic diseases, types of injection drugs, insertion location, duration of installation, nurse skills, installation techniques, and catheter size were not related to the incidence of phlebitis (p-value 0.05).Conclusion: Although several factors are not related to the incidence of phlebitis, these factors can be a support for the incidence of phlebitis. 

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF (25-54 TAHUN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Agustina ◽  
Bambang Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kedungmundu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang pada masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun)  adalah faktor genetik (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesitas (p value=0038, OR=3,5), kebiasaan merokok (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), konsumsi garam (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), penggunaan minyak jelantah (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) dan stress psikis (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah aktifitas fisik (p value=0,065), konsumsi alkohol (p value=0,148), jenis pekerjaan (p value=0,333), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,531) lama kerja (p value=0,588). Saran bagi penderita hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di Kedungmundu supaya lebih meningkatkan status kesehatan dengan lebih teratur memeriksakan kesehatannya, khususnya tekanan darah. Bagi Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi. Bagi peneliti lain untuk menambah faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif. Hypertension  at Kedungmundu Puskesmas was ascending from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find risk factors which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) at working area health centers Kedungmundu Year 2013. This is a research of analytical survey with casecontrol approach. Sample of 30 people in each case group and controlgroup who were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test with degrees of significance (α) = 0,05. The study results show that the risk factor which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) genetic factor  (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesity (p value=0,038, OR=3,5), smooking habit (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), salt consumption (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), use jelantah oil (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) and psychological stress (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). The risk factor which are not related are physical activities (p value=0,065), alcohol consumption (p value=0,148), type of work (p value=0,333), family’s income (p value=0,531) and duration of employment (p value=0,588). The advice to patient hypertension productive age (25-54 tahun) at Kedungmundu to improve their health status by having themselves checked on more regular basis, particularly for their blood pressure. For the public health center to improve knowledge of the hypertension to the public. For the other researcher could find out another risk factors relate to the hypertension.

scholarly journals Risk factors of stroke in coastal villages of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
George P. Jacob ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Powder Consumption

Background: The prevalence of stroke was reportedly higher in four coastal villages as compared to the neighbouring villages. Hence the study was conducted to identify the risk factors for stroke cases in the four villages of Mavinakurve Gram Panchayath, Bhatkal Taluk, Karnataka, India. Methods: 53 stroke patients were compared with 106 age and locality matched controls. Data was obtained using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire for socio-demographic variables, sources of water, palm oil and milk powder consumption, smoking and alcohol usage, stress score, history of hypertension, BMI and Waist Hip ratio. The data was entered in the SPSS version 15.0 and analysed. Results were expressed as proportions. Associations were analyzed using Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the cases (53%) and controls (45%) belonged to the age group of 60-69 years. 62.2% of the cases were males and 37.8% were females. 45.3% of the cases and 34.0% of the controls were involved in fishing. 15% of the cases and 2.8% of the controls had high stress. Statistically significant association was found between high stress and stroke. 86.8% of cases and 72.6% of controls were hypertensive (p value of 0.04). Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke in this area is higher than the state/national average. Hypertension and stress are important risk factors for stroke. Periodic screening for early detection of hypertension, health education, appropriate lifestyle modification and prompt treatment for hypertension are very important. 

scholarly journals Risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Gu ◽  
Donghui Wang ◽  
Cen Chen ◽  
Wanjun Lu ◽  
Hongbing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Aims: To identify the risk factors of mortality for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), we conducted a retrospective analysis.Methods: The demographic characteristics, laboratory findings and chest X-ray data of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU of Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to April 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Student's t test and chi-square test were used to compare continuous variables, categorical variables respectively. Logistic regression model was used to seek risk factors of mortality.Results: A total of 57 patients (38 males and 19 females) were included in this retrospective study, including 20 patients in deceased group and 37 patients in surviving group. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen/oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2) and imaging findings were statistically different between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 as independent risk factors of mortality. The area of under curves (AUC) of IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 were 0.9 (95%CI:0.823-0.977, p<0.0001) and 0.865 (95%CI:0.774-0.956, p<0.0001) respectively. The cut-off value of IL-6 was 25.69 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 95% and the specificity was 75.7%, while the cut-off value of PaO2/FiO2 was 167.79 mmHg, the sensitivity was 75.7% and the specificity was 85%.Conclusion: Clinicians should pay enough attention to IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2, especially when IL-6>25.69 pg/ml and PaO2/FiO2<167.79 mmHg, and take active intervention measures as early as possible.

PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TENTANG PEMANFAATAN POSBINDU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI KRETEK BANTUL

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipit Novita Sandra ◽  
Istika Dwi Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Test Result

Background: PTM is a disease that is not caused by bacterial infection including degenerative chronic disease. Integrated Guidance Post (Posbindu) is one of the empowerment program that aims to increase community participation in controlling risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Based on data obtained in Dusun Tegalsari, Donotirto village, Posbindu PTM activity was attended by 30 participants from 478 people aged > 15 years and still low in its utilization and participation. Objective: The purpose of this research is to know the correlation of knowledge, attitude and family support with the utilization of Posbindu PTM in Degotary Tegalsari Donotirto Village Kretek District, Bantul Regency. Method: This research type is descriptive quantitative research with cross-sectional research design. The population in this study as many as 30 people in which researchers took from the population of Degotary Tegalsari village Donotirto > 15 years old and actively participate in the activities posbindu PTM. Sampling using samples saturated as many as 30 people.Instrument in this research is questionnaire by using Chi Square test. Result: The result of Chi Square test shows that there is no correlation between knowledge with the utilization of Posbindu PTM with the result of significant value (P value) the correlation between knowledge with PTM Posbindu utilization is 0.778 (P value >a ). The existence of correlationbetween attitude with utilization of Posbindu PTM with result of significant value (Pvalue) equal to 0,003 (Pvalue <a). The existence of correlationbetween family support with utilization of posbindu PTM with result of significant value (P value) equal to 0,001 (P value <a). Conclusion: There is not significant correlation between knowledge with the utilization of Posbindu PTM, the correlation between attitude with the utilization of Posbindu PTM and family support with utilization of posbindu PTM.

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