scholarly journals The frequency-amplitude gradient in the sleep EEG of children and its diagnostic significance

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2A) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Nogueira Aucélio ◽  
Ernst Niedermeyer ◽  
Áurea Nogueira de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
Neurological Finding ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: 1014 EEGs of children in the 3-months to 12-years age group were obtained during sleep with the purpose of assessing the frequency and amplitude gradient (FAG) its absence thought to be an indicator of neurological disorder. METHOD: FAG findings were divided into present/absent. The neurological findings were classified according to the presence (abnormal neurological finding-ANF) or absence (normal neurological finding-NNF) of neurological disorder. The association and significance between FAG and neurological findings was determined by prevalence ration (PR) and chi-square test (chi2). RESULTS: FAG showed a characteristic distributions of voltage output during non-REM sleep, stage II, in the 3-months to 5-years age group with NNF. The PR and the chi2 test demonstrated a strong association between FAG absent and ANF. CONCLUSION: FAG is an age-dependent EEG sleep parameter and absence of FAG in the 3-months to 5-years age group is highly suggestive of neurological disorder.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Prevalence of oral habits in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽  
Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽  
Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

scholarly journals Digital Marketing Communication and Car Buying: A Study of Potential Deterrents

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Dahiya ◽  
Aparna Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Digital Channels ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The present study aims to identify the potential deterrents of digital marketing communication while buying a car. Data was collected from 801 respondents from Delhi using area wise proportionate sampling. 75% of the respondents used at least one digital channel of communication while buying a car. There were 25% of the respondents who didn’t use digital channels of communication while buying a car and relied exclusively upon traditional channels of communication. The study analyzed the respondents believing only in traditional channels of communication while buying a car to know the deterrents impeding the usage of digital channels of communication. The study also aimed to identify the distinct customers segments using traditional channels of communication while buying a car. Data was analyzed with the help of chi-square test and cluster analysis. ‘Technicality’ of the medium followed by ‘lack of knowledge and time’ were identified as the major deterrents of digital marketing communication. Two customer segments were identified in the study that made use of only traditional channels of communication while buying a car. First segment comprised of respondents ‘above 40 years of age’ belonging to ‘business’ category. Second segment was composed of respondents in ‘service’ occupational category belonging to ‘26 to 30 years age’ group.

scholarly journals A Sociological Analysis of Combined Jail Life of Juvenile and Adult Prisoners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihsan Khan ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Niaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Joint Dwelling

This study examines the outcomes of frequent relations between juvenile and adult prisoners at the populous prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in districts Mansehra, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan. According to SPARC (2015), there were total of 199 juvenile prisoners out of them 132 were taken as a sample size through Sekaran (2010) sample size table. The primary data was collected through interview schedule, with major aim to see association of joint dwelling of adult prisoners and juvenile inmates in the selected prisons. For measuring the association between adult and juvenile inmates, a Chi-square test was applied by using Microsoft Excel. It was found that there exist a strong association of adult with juvenile inmates; which resulted in reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of juvenile by supporting them financially, providing them with various kinds of drugs and persuading them to join their networks after they were released. Such situation was directly contradictory to the well-being of juvenile inmates at jails, where they were supposed to rehabilitate their offending behaviour. The study recommends establishment of separate jails for juvenile inmates, being inclusive part of the JJSO-2000.

scholarly journals Dynamic Smile Visualization and Quantification in different age groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Harshitha V. ◽  
M.S. Ravi ◽  
Reshma Raveendran ◽  
Raed Saeed ◽  
Kiran Kumar C.
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Buccal Corridor ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Aims and Objectives: To assess the posed and dynamic smile and to compare the various attributes of smile in frontal, oblique and sagittal dimensions, in two different age groups (10- 15years and 18-25 years). Materials and Methods: The posed and dynamic smile parameters were measured using digital video clips in 80 subjects of two different age groups (10-15years and 18-25 years). Total of 15 parameters were studied in 3 planes of space. The data was analysed using student`s t-test to compare smile parameters across the age groups, paired t-test was used to analyse the parameters of posed and unposed smile within the same age group and chi-square test was performed for the discrete data. Results: The present study revealed significant differences in dynamic smile parameters between the two age groups. The parameters like Philtrum height and Smile index are more in older age group whereas the buccal corridor was more in younger age group. Significant differences were also recorded in various parameters in both the groups when the posted smile is compared with that of the dynamic smile. Conclusion: In both the age groups, the dynamic and posed smile attributes are significantly different, except for buccal corridor and interlabial gap.

scholarly journals A CASE CONTROL STUDY ON DETERMINANTS OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN SCHOOL CHIL-DREN OF CHITRADURGA CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Prakruthi G. M. ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
Yogananda R.
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease in which many cells and cellular elements play a role often arising from allergies, subsequently cause shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing it affects children in different ways. To study the sociodemographic characteristics of asthmatic children and compare the predisposing factors of asthma in children.Methods: A Community based Case control study in selected schools in chitradurga for a period of 6 mo. A total of 90 children, among which 30 asthma children and 60 non asthma children were participated. Odds ratio will be calculated to know the strength of association. chi square test will be calculated to the significance.Results: A total of 90 children aged<14 y data. Female children are more exposed to asthma than male. In childhood asthma age group between 10-14years the age group of 10 y(26.7%) and 12 y (26.7%) were more exposed to the asthma.Conclusion: In Chitradurga city, the study area, is of no exception with regard to case control. From the total of 90 children selected for the study majority were found risk factors affected. It was due to their family history, exposure to pet animals, allergy, age group, BMI and sex.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Academic Performance among Private Medical College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Chinmay Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Medical students are in a huge pressure due to their academic syllabus. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between anxiety and academic performance among private medical college.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done in private medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and 3rd and 4th year medical student were included. Data was   collected by using semi structured Socio-demographic questionnaire and Burn Anxiety Inventory scale and Checklist. Finally all data and results were analyzed using latest version of SPSS software. For descriptive statistics means, medians, SD and range will be calculated as required. Data will be presented in frequency table, bar, pie and scattered diagram as per need.  Statistical test chi-square test were used and p<0.05 was consider to be statistically significant.Results: A total number of 200 medical students were studied after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them 87.0% were Muslim; 98.0% were unmarried; 83.0% were in nuclear family; family member of 42.5% respondents had 4 to 6 persons; monthly income of 64.7% respondents were less than 50,000 Taka; 47.0% of the respondents’ father occupation was businessman. In 1st profession examination 68.0% in Anatomy, 73% in Physiology, 76% in Biochemistry were passed in anatomy. In 1st professional exam, students suffered from moderate to extreme anxiety were passed 78% and referred 22% as well as suffered from minimal to mild anxiety were passed 43% and referred 57% in Physiology. So there was strong association between the two variables (p<0.05).Conclusion: Three fifth of the students are suffered from moderate anxiety level and those who are suffered moderate to extreme anxiety passed more and their class attendance are good.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):68-72

scholarly journals FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT STROKE POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazafatul Ain ◽  
Saira Khan ◽  
Muhammad Marwat ◽  
Nisar Khan ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown the stroke as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for year 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and determinants of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. A sample 217 was selected with margin of error 5.59%, 90%CL and 50% prevalence of hypertension in 200,000 adults at risk of stroke population through consecutive sampling. All indoor adult patients of stroke were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of hypertension were variables. Frequency and distribution of hypertension were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 217 patients with stroke, 123 (56.7%) were men and 94 (43.3%) were women, 86 (39.6%) were≤60 years and 131 (60.4%) were>60 years, and 105 (48.4%) were urban and 112 (51.6%) were rural. Frequency of hypertension was 132/217 (60.83%). Out of 132 patients with hypertension, men were 74 (34.10%), women 58 (26.73%), age group≤60 years 46 (21.20%), >60 years 86 (39.63%), urban 72 (33.18%) and rural 60 (27.65%). Presence of hypertension was associated to residence (p=.023) but not to sex (p=.817) and age groups (p=.072). Conclusion: Frequency of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found to be similar as expected. Frequency was more in men, in older age group (of>60years) and in urban population. The presence of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division was associated to residence but not to sex and age groups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz from 2019 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Nikakhlagh ◽  
Shohreh Norouzi ◽  
Nader Saki ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Bakhshipour
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Age Range

Background: Allergic diseases are among the most common chronic conditions in pediatrics. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relative frequency of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Methods: In this descriptive study, 175 patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy referred to the Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz from March 2019 to March 2020 were enrolled. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed based on the Score for AR (SFAR) questionnaire. The questionnaire, including the expert-designed SFAR, has eight main components that evaluate eight quantitative features of AR, and each was designated with a specific weighted score based on previous clinical studies. The total score could vary from 0 to 16. Frequency and percentage were used to describe the data. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data. Results: One hundred seventy-five patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy in the age range of 1 to 17 years were studied. Ninety-one patients (52%) were male, and 84 patients (48%) were female. Based on the score obtained from the questionnaire, 146 patients (83.4%) had a score of less than seven, indicating susceptibility to AR. Twenty-nine patients (16.6%) had a score equal to or higher than 7, confirming the diagnosis of AR. The Chi-square test showed that AR was significantly associated with all the components of the questionnaire, except for cigarette smoking (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed the strong association of AR with some demographic factors. Allergic rhinitis could potentially increase the risk of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children.

scholarly journals Denture Hygiene Habits among Elderly Patients Wearing Complete Dentures

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanket S Shah ◽  
Abhishek Apratim ◽  
Manish Sinha ◽  
Nidhi Chhaparia ◽  
Abu Abubakkar
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the denture hygiene habits in complete denture patients according to their age and time of dentures. Methods In this study a self administered structured was developed to know the attitude of the patients regarding denture hygiene in the department of Prosthodontics. The total study sample consisted of 230 subjects including 124 (53.9%) males and 106 (46.1%) females. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 with chi-square test at p-value <0.05. Results Nearly half of the subjects clean their dentures daily once. Participants from the younger age group and who had been wearing dentures since 2 years maintain better frequency of cleaning. The majority of these subjects used water and brush for denture cleansing. After seeing the condition, half of the dentures were rated as good 50.3%, followed by fair and poor as 29.5 and 20.2% respectively. Clinical significance Poor condition of complete dentures seen in the population is mainly due to irregularly cleansing habits and also less usage of cleansing solutions. Dentists should give proper instructions regarding maintenance of denture hygiene. How to cite this article Apratim A, Shah SS, Sinha M, Agrawal M, Chhaparia N, Abubakkar A. Denture Hygiene Habits among Elderly Patients Wearing Complete Dentures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1161-1164.

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