scholarly journals Meteorological factors associated with the timing and abundance of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus spore release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Burns ◽  
Volkmar Timmermann ◽  
Jon M. Yearsley
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Generalised Additive Model ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Spore Release ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has spread across most of the host range of European ash with a high level of mortality, causing important economic, cultural and environmental effects. We present a novel method combining a Monte-Carlo approach with a generalised additive model that confirms the importance of meteorology to the magnitude and timing of H. fraxineus spore emissions. The variability in model selection and the relative degree to which our models are over- or under-fitting the data has been quantified. We find that both the daily magnitude and timing of spore emissions are affected by meteorology during and prior to the spore emission diurnal peak. We found the daily emission magnitude has the strongest associations to weekly average net radiation and leaf moisture before the emission, soil temperature during the day before emission and net radiation during the spore emission. The timing of the daily peak in spore emissions has the strongest associations to net radiation both during spore emission and in the day preceding the emission. The seasonal peak in spore emissions has a near-exponential increase/decrease, and the mean daily emission peak is approximately Gaussian.

scholarly journals Significance between Air pollutants, Meteorological Factors and COVID-19 Infections: Probable Evidences in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrunmayee M Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Generalised Additive Model ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) disease represents the causative agent with a potentially fatal risk which is having great global human health concern. Earlier studies suggested that air pollutants and meteorological factors were considered as the risk factors for acute respiratory infection, which carries harmful pathogens and affects the immunity. The study intended to explore the correlation between air pollutants, meteorological factors and the daily reported infection cases caused by novel coronavirus in India. The daily positive infected cases, air pollution and meteorological factors in 288 districts were collected from January 30, 2020 to April 23, 2020 in India. Speraman’s correlation and generalised additive model were applied to investigate the correlations of four air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2) and eight meteorological factors (Temp, DTR, RH, AH, AP, RF, WS and WD) with COVID-19 infected cases. The study indicated that a 10 µg/m3 increase during (Lag0-14) in PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 was resulted in 2.21% (95%CI: 1.13 to 3.29), 2.67% (95% CI: 0.33 to 5.01) and 4.56 (95% CI: 2.22 to 6.90) increase in daily counts of COVID 19 infected cases respectively. However, only 1 unit increase in meteorological factor levels in case of daily mean temperature and DTR during (Lag0-14) associated with 3.78% (95%CI: 1.81 to 5.75) and 1.82% (95% CI: -1.74 to 5.38) rise of COVID-19 infected cases respectively. In addition, SO2 and relative humidity were negatively associated with COVID-19 infected cases at Lag0-14 with decrease of 7.23% (95% CI: -10.99 to -3.47) and 1.11% (95% CI: -3.45 to 1.23) for SO2 and for relative humidity respectively. The study recommended that there is significant relationship between air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 infected cases, which substantially explain the effect of national lockdown and suggested positive implications for control and prevention of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 disease.

scholarly journals The Variability of the Net Radiation Ratio

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Mc Cuen ◽  
Loris E. Asmussen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Evaporation ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Prediction equations for estimating evaporation from bodies of water, often require values of net radiation. Solar radiation data are usually more accurate and more readily available than measurements of net radiation. Measured solar radiation and the mean ratio of net radiation to solar radiation have been used to estimate the net radiation levels required to predict evaporation rates. However, although the average net radiation ratio is relatively stable from year to year the effect of daily variation in the net radiation ratio on evaporation estimates has not been investigated. An empirical energy balance and measurements of pan evaporation and meteorological factors are used to examine the effect of the average daily variation on evaporation rates computed with the mean net radiation ratio. The results indicate that the average daily variation from the mean net radiation ratio may produce an error of approximately 13 per cent in an estimate of daily evaporation when the mean net radiation ratio is used. However, daily variability in the net radiation ratio has little influence on the regeneration of a large number of evaporation estimates. Estimated values of the net radiation ratio and its variability are compared with observed values from polar climates.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.

scholarly journals AI-based localization and classification of skin disease with erythema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Min Son ◽  
Wooho Jeon ◽  
Jinhyun Kim ◽  
Chan Yeong Heo ◽  
Hye Jin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Score ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
High Level

AbstractAlthough computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is used to improve the quality of diagnosis in various medical fields such as mammography and colonography, it is not used in dermatology, where noninvasive screening tests are performed only with the naked eye, and avoidable inaccuracies may exist. This study shows that CAD may also be a viable option in dermatology by presenting a novel method to sequentially combine accurate segmentation and classification models. Given an image of the skin, we decompose the image to normalize and extract high-level features. Using a neural network-based segmentation model to create a segmented map of the image, we then cluster sections of abnormal skin and pass this information to a classification model. We classify each cluster into different common skin diseases using another neural network model. Our segmentation model achieves better performance compared to previous studies, and also achieves a near-perfect sensitivity score in unfavorable conditions. Our classification model is more accurate than a baseline model trained without segmentation, while also being able to classify multiple diseases within a single image. This improved performance may be sufficient to use CAD in the field of dermatology.

scholarly journals From scenario-based seismic hazard to scenario-based landslide hazard: fast-forwarding to the future via statistical simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Lombardo ◽  
Hakan Tanyas
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Earthquake Scenario ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ground Motion Scenarios

AbstractGround motion scenarios exists for most of the seismically active areas around the globe. They essentially correspond to shaking level maps at given earthquake return times which are used as reference for the likely areas under threat from future ground displacements. Being landslides in seismically actively regions closely controlled by the ground motion, one would expect that landslide susceptibility maps should change as the ground motion patterns change in space and time. However, so far, statistically-based landslide susceptibility assessments have primarily been used as time-invariant.In other words, the vast majority of the statistical models does not include the temporal effect of the main trigger in future landslide scenarios. In this work, we present an approach aimed at filling this gap, bridging current practices in the seismological community to those in the geomorphological and statistical ones. More specifically, we select an earthquake-induced landslide inventory corresponding to the 1994 Northridge earthquake and build a Bayesian Generalized Additive Model of the binomial family, featuring common morphometric and thematic covariates as well as the Peak Ground Acceleration generated by the Northridge earthquake. Once each model component has been estimated, we have run 1000 simulations for each of the 217 possible ground motion scenarios for the study area. From each batch of 1000 simulations, we have estimated the mean and 95% Credible Interval to represent the mean susceptibility pattern under a specific earthquake scenario, together with its uncertainty level. Because each earthquake scenario has a specific return time, our simulations allow to incorporate the temporal dimension into any susceptibility model, therefore driving the results toward the definition of landslide hazard. Ultimately, we also share our results in vector format – a .mif file that can be easily converted into a common shapefile –. There, we report the mean (and uncertainty) susceptibility of each 1000 simulation batch for each of the 217 scenarios.

scholarly journals AB0189 LIPOPROTEIN ABNORMALITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1119.1-1119
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
Y. Besbes ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Background:The lipid paradox is termed the decreased cholesterol level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the apolipoprotein levels are usually higher than a healthy person and are predictors of cardiovascular events.Objectives:We aimed to describe lipid abnormalities in RA patients and to look for predictor factors of these changes.Methods:The prospective study was carried out on patients with RA who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. These patients were followed in the rheumatology department of the Kassab Institute.We collected the socio-demographic data, biological and immunological parameters.The lipid assessment included: a measurement of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG). Lipoproteins APOA1 and APOB were measured. All data were collected after patient consent.Results:Of the 47 patients recruited, 78.7% were female. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The average RA progressed from 86.25 ±63 months [5-288] and was erosive in 81.6% of cases. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of patients, and citrullinated antipeptide antibodies (ACPA) were present in 62.2%. Eight patients had a previous CV history.Mean TC was 4.42 ±1.3 [1.2-7.58], mean HDL was 1.38 ±0.73 [0.18-4.10], mean LDL was 2.55 ±1.16 [0.24-5.54]. The mean TG value was 1.28 ±0.6 [0.24-5.54]. TC elevation was found in 9.1% of cases, HDL in 21.3% of cases, LDL in 5.5% of cases, and TG in 16.4% of cases. Mean APOB/APOA1 ratio was 0.67 ±0.18 [0,46-1,11]. LDL elevation was associated to a high DAS28 (p=0.06, r=0.512). APOA1 was associated to a low DAS28 (p=0.04, r=-0.642).The mean value of APO A1 was 1.36 ±0.21 [0.84-1.81], that of APOB was 0.90 ±0.22 [0.58-1.40]. APOA1 values were lower in patients with high-level LDL (p=0.767). The APOB value was associated with lipid disturbance without significant correlation (p=0.291).Conclusion:Lipid test abnormalities can be found in RA patients outside of any known CV risk factors. APOA1 seems to have a protective effect. Screening and treatment of these abnormalities can prevent CV risk.References:[1]Miguel Bernardes and al. Coronary artery calcium score in female rheumatoid arthritis patients: Associations with apolipoproteins and disease biomarkers. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;00:1–16.[2]Anna So dergren and al. Biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. PLOS ONE. August 5, 2019.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The Problems and Needs of Patients Diagnosed with Cancer and Their Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Grzegorz Rudzki ◽  
Tomasz Lewandowski ◽  
Sławomir Rudzki
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Patients Experience

(1) Background: As the literature analysis shows, cancer patients experience a variety of different needs. Each patient reacts differently to the hardships of the illness. Assessment of needs allows providing more effective support, relevant to every person’s individual experience, and is necessary for setting priorities for resource allocation, for planning and conducting holistic care, i.e., care designed to improve a patient’s quality of life in a significant way. (2) Patients and Methods: A population survey was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Cancer patients, as well as their caregivers, received an invitation to take part in the research, so their problems and needs could be assessed. (3) Results: The study involved 800 patients, 78% women and 22% men. 66% of the subjects were village residents, while 34%—city residents. The mean age of patients was 62 years, SD = 11.8. The patients received proper treatment within the public healthcare. The surveyed group of caregivers was 88% women and 12% men, 36% village residents and 64% city residents. Subjects were averagely 57 years old, SD 7.8. At the time of diagnosis, the subjects most often felt anxiety, despair, depression, feelings of helplessness (46%, 95% CI: 40–48). During illness and treatment, the subjects most often felt fatigued (79%, 95% CI: 70–80). Analysis of needs showed that 93% (95% CI: 89–97) of patients experienced a certain level of need for help in one or more aspects. (4) Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with cancer have a high level of unmet needs, especially in terms of psychological support and medical information. Their caregivers also experience needs and concerns regarding the disease. Caregivers should be made aware of the health consequences of cancer and consider appropriate supportive care for their loved ones.

scholarly journals The fate of Si and Fe while nuclear glass alters with steel and clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carriere ◽  
P. Dillmann ◽  
S. Gin ◽  
D. Neff ◽  
L. Gentaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
A Value ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Initial Dissolution Rate

AbstractThe French concept developed to dispose high-level radioactive waste in geological repository relies on glassy waste forms, isolated from the claystone host rock by steel containers. Understanding interactions between glass and surrounding materials is key for assessing the performance of a such system. Here, isotopically tagged SON68 glass, steel and claystone were studied through an integrated mockup conducted at 50 °C for 2.5 years. Post-mortem analyses were performed from nanometric to millimetric scales using TEM, STXM, ToF-SIMS and SEM techniques. The glass alteration layer consisted of a crystallized Fe-rich smectite mineral, close to nontronite, supporting a dissolution/reprecipitation controlling mechanism for glass alteration. The mean glass dissolution rate ranged between 1.6 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1 to 3.0 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1, a value only 3–5 times lower than the initial dissolution rate. Thermodynamic calculations highlighted a competition between nontronite and protective gel, explaining why in the present conditions the formation of a protective layer is prevented.

scholarly journals The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers’ Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Gemma María Gea-García ◽  
Carmelo Fernández-Vicente ◽  
Francisco J. Barón-López ◽  
Jesús Miranda-Páez
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Tracking Devices

Hiking is a very popular outdoor activity, and has led to an exponential increase in the number of visitors to natural spaces. The objective of this study was to analyze the circulation pattern of visitors to the Caminito del Rey trail, based on the three zones into which the trail can be divided. The sample consisted of 1582 hikers distributed into three different profiles. Of these, 126 utilized an eye-tracking device during the hike, while, for the rest (1456), only their travel speed along the trail was recorded. The use of eye tracking devices identified a greater number of interesting landscapes located in zones 1 and 3 of the trail, and it was observed that the mean travel speed was greater for zone 2 (42.31 m/min) (p < 0.01). Additionally, when the three different visitor profiles were analyzed, significant differences were found between the mean travel speeds according to sectors (p < 0.05). This information is crucial for more efficient management of the trail, as it allows for the development of measures to control and regulate the flow of visitors according to zone, and the design of additional strategies to increase the awareness of the hiker about specific areas of the hike.

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