Injectable mineral supplementation to transition period dairy cows and its effects on animal health

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan M. Soldá ◽  
Patrícia Glombowsky ◽  
Gabriela Campigotto ◽  
Nathieli B. Bottari ◽  
Maria Rosa C. Schetinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mineral Supplementation

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy and stage of lactation on energy processes in isolated blood cells of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Bogdan Dębski ◽  
Tadeusz Nowicki ◽  
Wojciech Zalewski ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszewicz ◽  
Jan Twardoń
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
In Blood Plasma

AbstractIntroduction: The transition period is the most challenging time for dairy cattle, which is characterised not only by negative energy balance but also by fatty tissue mobilisation.Material and Methods: The efficiency of energy pathways, β-oxidation in WBC and glycolysis in RBC (based on deoxyglucose transmembrane transport) were estimated. Insulin in blood plasma was determined using ELISA.Results: After calving and up to one month after delivery, a significant drop in blood plasma level was noticed, simultaneously with a rise in β-oxidation from 18.93 ±3.64 to 30.32 ±5.28 pmol/min/mg protein in WBC. A strong negative correlation between these two indices (r = −0.68) was found. During the period of transition to lactation an increase in glucose cross-membrane transportation from 41.44 ±4.92 to 50.49 ±6.41 μmol/h/g Hb was observed. A strong positive correlation between glucose transportation in RBC and β-oxidation in WBC (r = 0.71) was noticed. These data are in agreement with results of studies on dairy cows using liver slices from dairy cows in late pregnancy and different stages of lactation, in which changes in gene expression were analysed.Conclusion: It seems that measuring fatty acids oxidation and glycolysis using isolated blood cells may be an adequate and relatively simple method for energy state analysis to estimate the state of dairy cow metabolism and animal health.

157 EFFECTS OF METABOLIC CONDITIONS OF DAIRY COWS DURING TRANSITION PERIOD AND EARLY LACTATION IN WINTER AND SUMMER ON HEALTH AND FERTILITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
M. Maturana Filho ◽  
K. M. Lemes ◽  
J. R. Naves ◽  
T. Santin ◽  
T. K. Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Group V ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peak Lactation

The aim of this study was to investigate and determine which metabolic predictors measured during the transition period, have a better association with health and fertility parameters in dairy cows in winter (W) and summer (S).The experiment was conducted with 235 multiparous Holstein dairy cows. The animals were divided, retrospectively into the experimental groups [High Production (AP), ≥45.9 to 65 kg of milk during peak lactation; Medium production (MP), between 30 and 45.8 kg of milk during peak lactation]. Blood samples and evaluations occurred during the transition period and during the timed fixed artificial insemination (TAI). Data were analysed for the main effects of group, day, and their interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software (SAS 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Creatine kinase (CK) plasmatic concentrations increased during peak lactation in all groups, but the difference was not significant. Variations in superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were observed in HP cows in both seasons (HPW and HPS). These cows had higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) when compared of MP cows (MPW and MPS), with significant changes since 7 days before calving and remained higher until 104 days of lactation. The differences were observed in lipid profile, particularly in NEFA concentration. For this variable, there were group (P < 0.001) and day (P < 0.001) effects and also double interactions (day v. season, P < 0.001) and triple interactions (group v. day v. season, P = 0.009). The HPS cows had higher values, as well as a variation pattern of urea concentration (P < 0.05), different from the other groups until 100 days in milk (DEL). No differences were observed in diseases incidences between group or periods (P > 0.05). There was a statistical tendency to all groups in the summer season for earlier calving (P = 0.1), less calf weight (P = 0.07), and retained placenta (P = 0.09) and metritis incidence (P = 0.08). These parameters were strongly correlated with metritis disease incidence and the significant parameters: Earlier calving (P = 0.03), dystocia (P = 0.05), and retained placenta (P = 0.009). The NEFA (0.4 mmol L–1) and BHBA concentrations (0.7 mmol L–1) were highly correlated with the occurrence of uterine diseases. We observed high levels of AST (around 128 U/L) pre calving in ketotic and in cows with displacement of abomasum. According to these results, we concluded that milk production was not a risk factor for fertility in the first three services. Also, metabolic changes in the transition period were determinant in milk yield and health diseases. Research was supported by FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES, Fazenda Colorado, and Ourofino animal health.

scholarly journals The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Satoshi Haga ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki ◽  
Sanggun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows

Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.

Functionality and genomics of selenium and vitamin E supplementation in ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Chauhan ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
J. J. Cottrell ◽  
P. Celi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Function Discovery

Selenium (Se) and vitamin E are essential micronutrients for animal health and production. The major function of both Se and vitamin E is to prevent the oxidative damage of biological membranes and they can influence growth, reproduction, immune function, health, and product quality in ruminants. Both Se and vitamin E are important for maintaining low cellular and systemic concentrations of reactive oxygen species and lipid hydroperoxides, to ensure optimum cellular function. Discovery of various selenoproteins and vitamin E-responsive genes has contributed significantly to improving our understanding about multiple functions of Se and vitamin E. There is evidence that these functions extend beyond the classical antioxidant properties to immunomodulation and intracellular cell signalling and gene regulation. Research in recent years has also shown that supranutritional supplementation of Se and vitamin E is required to improve the performance of ruminants under certain stressful conditions such as heat stress and during transition period. Considering the growing awareness among consumers of the benefits of antioxidant-rich food, there is a great opportunity for the livestock industries to focus on producing antioxidant-enriched milk and meat products or functional foods. The present review focuses on the recent developments in understanding multiple functions of Se and vitamin E at the cellular and molecular level and the effects of supranutritional supplementation on ruminant performance. In addition, the paper also articulates the potential opportunities to produce functional foods enriched with antioxidants, and underlines the need for optimum supplementation of these micronutrients for efficient ruminant production.

Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Seifi ◽  
M. Gorji-Dooz ◽  
M. Mohri ◽  
B. Dalir-Naghadeh ◽  
N. Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows fed long-chain unsaturated fatty acids during the transition period

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Lenita Camargo Verdurico ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Long Chain
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