scholarly journals Characteristics of person, place, and activity that trigger failure to speak in children with selective mutism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schwenck ◽  
Angelika Gensthaler ◽  
Felix Vogel ◽  
Anke Pfeffermann ◽  
Sabine Laerum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
Core Features ◽  
Trigger Failure

AbstractSelective Mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder with predictable and circumscribed situations in which children remain silent while they speak unaffectedly in others. However, core features of anxiety inducing stimuli have rarely been studied so far. Parents of children with elevated SM symptomatology participated in an online-based study and answered open ended questions about specific characteristics of a person, place, and activity that elicit failure to speak in their child. The final sample consisted of n = 91 parents with children aged between 3 and 17 years (M = 8.02 years, SD = 3.94). Answers were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Characteristics of a person were assigned to five categories with lack of distance as the most frequently reported feature. With respect to a place, the majority of parents mentioned unknown places as a silence trigger. The most frequently mentioned feature of an activity that was designated to be associated to silence was new activity. There were only few associations between the designation of these features, age, and gender. For the first time, anxiety inducing triggers related to person, place, and activity were comprehensively assessed in children with SM. This allows a differentiated and deeper understanding of an understudied disorder. The majority of characteristics can be associated with proposed etiological factors such as increased behavioral inhibition, conditioning processes, social anxiety, and a strong need for control. Implications for effective treatments are discussed.

Anxiety disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: Differences by age and gender in a community sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Orgilés ◽  
Xavier Méndez ◽  
José Pedro Espada ◽  
Jose Luis Carballo ◽  
José Antonio Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Comparing Executive Function of Normal Children with ADHD Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Heydari ◽  
Shohreh Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time

<p>This study was conducted to compare with the executive function of ADHD versus normal male and female children. To obtain this objective, 30 ADHD children referring a private psychological center for the first time who had taken no medication for this disorder, and 30 normal children from one of the schools of District 14 in Tehran were selected randomly who were of the same age and gender of ADHD children. Wisconsin test was used as a measurement tool. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the executive function of normal and ADHD children as well as average scores of the executive function of normal boys and ADHD children at the 0.01 level. In addition, there was a significant difference between the average scores of the executive function of normal girls and ADHD girls at the 0.05 level according to which null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, ADHD children are of lower executive and cognitive function compared to normal children and have extensive cognitive deficits. Therefore, they require medications along with special training and rehabilitation.</p>

scholarly journals Age- and gender-dependent association of SLC11A1 polymorphisms with tuberculosis susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhe Wang ◽  
Zhongtao Wang ◽  
Xue He ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unconditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Important Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Important Health Issue ◽  
Regression Adjustment ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important health issue in our world. It is reported that various factors may effect on its pathogenesis. In this current study, we aimed to investigate the association between SLC11A1 polymorphism and the risk of TB among 510 TB patients and 508 healthy controls.Methods: Agena MassARRAY platform was conducted for genotyping. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed through unconditional logistic regression adjustment confound factors, such as age and gender.Results: The results suggested that the allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms in SLC11A1 were not observed associated with TB risk. Subsequently, stratified analysis by age and gender confirmed that rs7608307 “A/A” and “C/T-T/T” genotypes were related with increased TB risk in age ≤ 41 group (p = 0.021) and males (p = 0.013), respectively. Besides, rs13062 “A/A” genotype was reduced TB risk in age > 41 group (p = 0.043). In addition, we observed that the “C/C” genotype of rs4674301 was noteworthy correlated with increased TB risk in females (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the relationship between SLC11A1 polymorphism and TB risk and confirmed for the first time that the correlation was restricted to age and gender in northwest Chinese population.

scholarly journals COVID-19–Related Stigma and Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110594
Author(s):  
Burcu Ozbaran ◽  
Furkan Turer ◽  
Hazal Y. Yilancioglu ◽  
Sezen Kose ◽  
Birsen Senturk Pilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
And Gender

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms of the children/grandchildren of COVID-19 patients, children/grandchildren of healthcare workers who have not infected COVID-19, and children/grandchildren of the control group. Parent and children’s perception about COVID-19–related stigma is also investigated and compared between groups. The perception about COVID-19–related stigma between different age and gender groups among children also investigated and compared. The mental health of the 71 participants aged 6–18 years was evaluated via a telemedicine-based semi-structured interview between March and April 2020. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and COVID-19–Related Stigma Form were administered to the participants. A significant negative correlation was found between age and separation anxiety disorder ( p = .005) and a significant positive correlation was found between age and generalized anxiety disorder ( p = .035) in the SCARED-Child report. Generalized anxiety disorder was found to be higher in females compared to males. A significant difference was found between the groups of parents in the COVID-19–Related Stigma Form. Patients infected with COVID-19, healthcare workers, and the control group have different perceptions about COVID-19–related stigma. The age of the children have an impact on stigma perceptions. Anxiety symptoms of children affected by age and gender. Future studies are recommended to determine the other factors associated with perceptions about COVID-19–related stigma among children and parents.

scholarly journals Arterial hypertension and antihypertensive treatment in the unorganized Moscow population

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
A. V. Melekhov ◽  
A. I. Agaeva ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
A. A. Dubov ◽  
A. D. Nakonechnya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
First Time

Background. The epidemiology of hypertension (HTN) and antihypertensive treatment (AHT) in the Russian Federation was repeatedly estimated in epidemiology trials with various methodology, but situation in Moscow region has not been fully explored.Objective. To examine the rate, age and gender features of HTN and AHT in unorganized Moscow cohort.Design and methods. 532 participants older than 16 years old were interviewed in Moscow park after signing informed consent. Information about sex, age, rate of diagnosed HTN, AHT and its effectiveness was collected based on a questionnaire. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured consequently three times.Results. Median and interquartile range of participants age was 57 (38–66) years, 71,1 % were women. Women were significantly older than men (59 (46–67) and 48 (31–61) years respectively, p = 0,0001). 42,7 % reported previously diagnosed HTN, 62,5 % received AHT. 79,7 % participants receiving AHT (49,8 % HTN patients) considered it effective. Home BP self-monitoring was performed by 43,7 % respondents (sex- and age-adjusted rates). While measured, 29,7 % participants had optimal BP level, 22,6 % — normal and 15,2 % — high normal. BP > 140 and/or 90 mm Hg was measured in 32,6 % of participants (rates are sex and age adjusted). BP > 140 / 90 mm Hg at assessment was found in 48,8 % HTN patients and 16,4 % participants without previously diagnosed HTN (8,7 % in entire studied cohort). There were no significant differences in the rate increased BP level at assessment and in HTN patients who received AHT or not (49,5 and 46,9 %). HTN rate was 39,6 % in participants who considered their AHT effective, and 75,5 % — ineffective, p < 0,0001. 63,4 % participants taking AHT could specify the drugs (65,3 % received monotherapy, 27,1 % — 2 drugs and 7,6 % — 3 drugs; fixed combinations received 17 %). BP levels and HTN did not differ in HTN patients who received one or more drugs.Conclusions. In unorganized Moscow cohort age and gender adjusted rate of HTN at BP measurement was 32,6 %. In 8,7 % participants high BP was detected at first time. Only 62,5 % patients with previously diagnosed HTN received AHT. 39,6 % participants who considered AHT effective demonstrate high BP at assessment. AHT was not associated with the lower HTN rate or BP level, which may be attributed to excessive use of monotherapy and insufficient application of fixed combinations.

scholarly journals Increased Serum Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in Individuals with Anxiety

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. PRI.S5180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in individuals with anxiety disorder. Serum from 16 individuals diagnosed with anxiety (no secondary depression) and 18 age and gender matched controls were tested for Cu/Zn SOD serum concentration using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of anxiety individuals were significantly higher than age and gender matched controls. These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and Anxiety Disorder.

scholarly journals Association between CSF1 and CSF1R Polymorphisms and Parkinson’s Disease in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yih-Ru Wu ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chuan Wu ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Background: CSF1/CSF1R neuroinflammatory signaling is emerging as an important pathway involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the genetic associations between CSF1/CSF1R and PD have not yet been explored. Methods: We investigated the effects of two functional genetic variants, including CSF1 rs1058885 and CSF1R rs10079250 in a cohort including 502 Taiwanese patients with PD and 511 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The CSF1 rs1058885 TT genotype was less frequent in PD patients compared with control subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.92, p = 0.015). The PD patients also had a lower frequency of the CSF1 rs1058885 T allele compared with the control subjects (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96, p = 0.014). No statistically significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of CSF1R rs10079250 between the PD and control subjects were found, even after stratification by age at onset and gender. Conclusion: This study reports a genetic association between CSF1 and PD for the first time.

Unemployment and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Björklund ◽  
Maud Söderlund ◽  
Lisbet Nyström ◽  
Elisabeth Häggström
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Unemployment And Health

Studies have shown that the experiences and consequences of unemployment can affect people differently depending on, for example, age and gender. The purpose of the present study was to describe young Finnish men’s experiences of being unemployed as well as how their experiences of health emerged. Fifteen young unemployed Finnish men in the age range 18 to 27 years were interviewed face to face. Purposive sampling was used to increase the variation among informants. The interview texts were analyzed using both manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. The present results showed that the young men were strongly negatively affected by being unemployed. They described how they had slowly lost their foothold. They also described feelings of shame and guilt as well as a flight from reality. The present results show that even young men who have only experienced shorter periods of unemployment, in this study periods between 2 and 6 months, are negatively affected, for example, with regard to their identity and emotional life. Further research is needed to describe and elucidate in more detail the effects of unemployment on men of different ages and living in different contexts.

scholarly journals Risk of dementia after anaesthesia and surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Liang Chen ◽  
Chih-Wen Yang ◽  
Yi-Kuan Tseng ◽  
Wei-Zen Sun ◽  
Jane-Ling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
Type Of Surgery

BackgroundThe potential relationship between anaesthesia, surgery and onset of dementia remains elusive.AimsTo determine whether the risk of dementia increases after surgery with anaesthesia, and to evaluate possible associations among age, mode of anaesthesia, type of surgery and risk of dementia.MethodThe study cohort comprised patients aged 50 years and older who were anaesthetised for the first time since 1995 between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2007, and a control group of randomly selected patients matched for age and gender. Patients were followed until 31 December 2010 to identify the emergence of dementia.ResultsRelative to the control group, patients who underwent anaesthesia and surgery exhibited an increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 1.99) and a reduced mean interval to dementia diagnosis. The risk of dementia increased in patients who received intravenous or intramuscular anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia.ConclusionsThe results of our nationwide, population-based study suggest that patients who undergo anaesthesia and surgery may be at increased risk of dementia.

scholarly journals The association between Vitamin D deficiency and risk of pre-diabetes among older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Trussler ◽  
Julia Navon ◽  
Rachele Pojednic ◽  
Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIntroductionType 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common conditions affecting older adults, and is one of few diseases with a distinct liminal stage: prediabetes. Dietitians and healthcare practitioners currently recognize prediabetes as a lifestyle disease,and “reversing” it relies largely on dietary modifications and increased exercise.Some research suggests that vitamin D may also be a target since its deficiency has been tentatively linked to many chronic conditions,5 and a high prevalence has been observed among subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.6, 7 The purpose of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of pre-diabetes in people 50 + years of age living in the United States.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012) subjects, ages 50 + years, free of kidney/liver diseases and diabetes. Outcome: Prediabetes, was defined as: HbA1c level 5.7–6.5%, or fasting plasma glucose level 100–125 mg/dL, or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test result 140–199 mg/dL, with no laboratory value in the diabetic range. Those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with no marker in the prediabetes/diabetes range were the comparison group. Exposure: subjects' vitamin D status was classified based on total serum 25(OH)D levels as follows: deficient = < 50 nmol/L, insufficient = 50–75 nmol/L, and sufficient = > 75 nmol/L. The final sample (n = 2,286) was sufficient to detect a 7% difference in odds of prediabetes (the average difference observed in the literature) with 80% power and 95% confidence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis included strata, cluster and weight variables. Models were adjusted for BMI, ethnicity, age and gender.ResultsThe final sample was 2,286 subjects, predominantly white (80.4%) and female (56.6%), with a mean age of 62.3 years; 1,387 had prediabetes (59.1%) and 899 were NGT (40.9%). Vitamin D status was associated with pre-diabetes (p = 0.03). Those with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have prediabetes compared to vitamin D sufficient individuals (crude OR = 1.48 95%CI 1.15–1.91), which remained significant after adjustment for ethnicity, BMI, age and gender (aOR = 1.39 95%CI 1.02–1.89). There was no effect modification by BMI, gender or ethnicity.DiscussionOur results contributed to this existing literature by demonstrating that vitamin D status is associated with pre-diabetes in a nationally representative sample of older US adults.Vitamin D status was significantly associated with risk of prediabetes in Americans 50 + years of age. Prevention efforts should incorporate awareness of vitamin D.

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