scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Denmark: nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-725
Author(s):  
Laura Espenhain ◽  
Siri Tribler ◽  
Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen ◽  
Christian Holm Hansen ◽  
Ute Wolff Sönksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Metropolitan Municipalities ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Population Segment

AbstractSeroprevalence studies have proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We present results of consecutive population-based seroprevalence surveys performed in Denmark in 2020. In spring, late summer and autumn/winter of 2020, invitation letters including a questionnaire covering symptoms were sent to representative samples of the population above 12 years and to parents of children below 18 years in the sample. Blood samples were analysed for total Ig and seroprevalence estimates per population segment were calculated and compared to other surveillance parameters. Based on 34 081 participants (participation rate 33%), seroprevalence estimates increased from 1.2% (95%CI: 0.3–1.9%) in May to 4.1% (95%CI: 3.1–4.9%) in December 2020. Seroprevalence estimates were roughly three times higher in those aged 12–29 years compared to 65 + and higher in metropolitan municipalities. By December 2020, 1.5% of the population had tested positive by RT-PCR. Infected individuals in older age groups were hospitalised several fold more often than in younger. Amongst seropositives, loss of taste/smell were the more specific symptoms, 32–56% did not report any symptoms. In more than half of seroconverted families, we did not see evidence of transmission between generations. Seroprevalence increased during 2020; adolescents were primarily infected in the autumn/winter. Denmark has a high per capita test rate; roughly one undiagnosed infection of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated to occur for each diagnosed case. Approximately half were asymptomatically infected. The epidemic appears to have progressed relatively modestly during 2020 in Denmark.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Denmark: Nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Espenhain ◽  
Siri Tribler ◽  
Charlotte Svaerke Joergensen ◽  
Christian Holm Hansen ◽  
Ute Wolf Sonksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Metropolitan Municipalities ◽  
Population Segment

Background. Seroprevalence studies have proven an important tool to monitor the progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) epidemic. We present results of consecutive population-based seroprevalence surveys performed in Denmark in 2020. Methods. Invitation letters including a questionnaire covering symptoms were sent to representatively drawn samples of the population in spring, late summer and autumn/winter of 2020. Blood samples from participants taken at public test-centers were analyzed for total Ig and seroprevalence estimates per population segment calculated and compared to other surveillance parameters. Results. From 34,081 participating individuals (response rate 33%), we obtained seroprevalence estimates increasing from 1.1% (95%CI: 0.7%–1.7) in May to 4.0 % (95%CI: 3.4%–4.7%) in December 2020. By December 2020, 1.5% of the population 12 years and older had tested positive by PCR. Seroprevalence estimates were roughly 3 times higher in those aged 12–29 compared to 65+ and higher in metropolitan municipalities. Among seropositives, loss of taste/smell were the more specific symptoms, 32%–56% did not report any symptoms. In half of seroconverted families, we did not see evidence of transmission between generations. Infected individuals in older age groups were hospitalized several fold more often than in younger. Conclusions. Seroprevalence increased during 2020; younger age groups were primarily infected in the autumn/winter surge. Approximately half were asymptomatically infected. Denmark has a high per capita test rate; roughly two undiagnosed infections of COVID–19 were estimated to occur for each diagnosed case. The epidemic appears to have progressed relatively modestly during 2020 in Denmark.

scholarly journals Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer Study—A Methodologic Approach in Cancer Epidemiology Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Link ◽  
Eva Maurer ◽  
Joan Largent ◽  
Erin Kent ◽  
Rebecca A. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Young Adult Cancer ◽  
Made In

Advances have been made in treatment and outcomes for pediatric cancer. However adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have not experienced similar relative improvements. We undertook a study to develop the methodology necessary for epidemiologic cancer research in these age groups. Our goal was to create the Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer (KAYAC) project to create a resource to address research questions relevant to this population. We used a combination of clinic and population-based ascertainment to enroll 111 cases aged 0–39 for this methodology development study. The largest groups of cancer types enrolled include: breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and melanoma. The overall participation rate is 69.8% and varies by age and tumor type. The study included patients, mothers, and fathers. The methods used to establish this resource are described, and the values of the resource in studies of childhood and young adult cancer are outlined.

The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Marcus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most commonly used measure for life satisfaction. Although there are numerous studies confirming factorial validity, most studies on dimensionality are based on small samples. A controversial debate continues on the factorial invariance across different subgroups. The present study aimed to test psychometric properties, factorial structure, factorial invariance across age and gender, and to deliver population-based norms for the German general population from a large cross-sectional sample of 2519 subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses supported that the scale is one-factorial, even though indications of inhomogeneity of the scale have been detected. Both findings show invariance across the seven age groups and both genders. As indicators of the convergent validity, a positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with depressiveness was shown. Population-based norms are provided to support the application in the context of individual diagnostics.

Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S16-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brand ◽  
N. von der Weid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

SummaryThe Swiss Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was established in 2000. Primarily it bears epidemiological and basic clinical data (incidence, type and severity of the disease, age groups, centres, mortality). Two thirds of the questions of the WFH Global Survey can be answered, especially those concerning use of concentrates (global, per capita) and treatment modalities (on-demand versus prophylactic regimens). Moreover, the registry is an important tool for quality control of the haemophilia treatment centres.There are no informations about infectious diseases like hepatitis or HIV, due to non-anonymisation of the data. We plan to incorporate the results of the mutation analysis in the future.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection in an infant with non-respiratory manifestations: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adel ◽  
Ahmed Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents in children usually with less severe manifestations than in adults. Although fever and cough were reported as the most common symptoms, children can have non-specific symptoms. We describe an infant with aplastic anemia as the main manifestation. Case presentation We describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an infant without any respiratory symptoms or signs while manifesting principally with pallor and purpura. Pancytopenia with reticulocytopenia was the predominant feature in the initial laboratory investigations, pointing to aplastic anemia. Chest computed tomography surprisingly showed typical findings suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection was later confirmed by positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Infants with COVID-19 can have non-specific manifestations and a high index of suspicion should be kept in mind especially in regions with a high incidence of the disease. Chest computed tomography (CT) and testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR may be considered even in the absence of respiratory manifestations.

scholarly journals Changes in Six-Month Prevalence of Circulatory System Diseases among People Aged 20 Years and Older between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Rao ◽  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Ruotong Li ◽  
Yanhong Fu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables. The overall age-standardized prevalence of CSDs increased substantially between 2013 and 2018 for inhabitants aged 20 years and older (14.25% vs. 21.25%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24–2.04). Hypertensive disease was the most prevalent type of CSD, accounting for 87.24% and 83.83% of all CSDs in 2013 and in 2018, respectively. After controlling for other socio-demographic factors, the prevalence of CSDs was significantly higher in 2018 (adjusted OR = 1.40), urban residents (adjusted OR = 1.43), females (adjusted OR = 1.12) and older age groups (adjusted OR = 5.36 for 50–59 years, 9.51 for 60–69 years, 15.19 for 70–79 years, and 12.90 for 80 years and older) than in 2013, rural residents, males and the youngest age group (20–49 years). The recent increase in the overall age-standardized CSD prevalence and the large prevalence disparities across urban/rural residents, sex and age groups merit the attention of policymakers and researchers. Further prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing tendency and to reduce the prevalence of disparities across socio-demographic groups.

How Czecho-Slovakia Bounces Back: Population-Based Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in Two Central European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110296
Author(s):  
Jana Furstova ◽  
Natalia Kascakova ◽  
Iva Polackova Solcova ◽  
Jozef Hasto ◽  
Peter Tavel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Best Fit

Objective In recent years, resilience has become a focus of research in the medical and behavioral sciences. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to assess the individual ability to recover from stress (“to bounce back”) after experiencing adversities. The aim of the study was to validate the Czech and Slovak versions of the BRS. Methods A representative sample of the Czech and Slovak populations (NCZ = 1800, mean age MCZ = 46.6, SDCZ = 17.4, 48.7% of men; NSK = 1018, mean age MSK = 46.2, SDSK = 16.6, 48.7% men) completed a survey assessing their health and well-being. Several confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models of the BRS were compared to find the best fit. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients of reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating resilience (BRS), physical and mental well-being (SF-8) and psychopathology symptoms (BSI-53). Differences in gender and age groups were appraised. Results A single-factor model with method effects on the reverse items was evaluated to best fit the data in both the Czech and Slovak samples (χ2CZ(6) = 39.0, p < 0.001, CFICZ = 0.998, TLICZ = 0.995, RMSEACZ = 0.055, SRMRCZ = 0.024; χ2SK(6) = 23.9, p < 0.001, CFISK = 0.998, TLISK = 0.995, RMSEASK = 0.054, SRMRSK = 0.009). The reliability was high in both samples (αCZ = 0.80, ωCZ = 0.85; αSK = 0.86, ωSK = 0.91). The BRS was positively associated with physical and mental well-being and negatively associated with somatization, depression and anxiety. In both countries, a lower BRS score was associated with higher age. Czech men reported significantly higher BRS scores than women. No significant difference was found in the mean BRS scores between the two countries. Conclusion This study provides evidence of good psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the Czech and Slovak adaptations of the BRS.

scholarly journals Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma (iStopMM): a population-based screening study for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and randomized controlled trial of follow-up strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sæmundur Rögnvaldsson ◽  
Thorvardur Jon Love ◽  
Sigrun Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
Elín Ruth Reed ◽  
Jón Þórir Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Therapy ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Undetermined Significance

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) precedes multiple myeloma (MM). Population-based screening for MGUS could identify candidates for early treatment in MM. Here we describe the Iceland Screens, Treats, or Prevents Multiple Myeloma study (iStopMM), the first population-based screening study for MGUS including a randomized trial of follow-up strategies. Icelandic residents born before 1976 were offered participation. Blood samples are collected alongside blood sampling in the Icelandic healthcare system. Participants with MGUS are randomized to three study arms. Arm 1 is not contacted, arm 2 follows current guidelines, and arm 3 follows a more intensive strategy. Participants who progress are offered early treatment. Samples are collected longitudinally from arms 2 and 3 for the study biobank. All participants repeatedly answer questionnaires on various exposures and outcomes including quality of life and psychiatric health. National registries on health are cross-linked to all participants. Of the 148,704 individuals in the target population, 80 759 (54.3%) provided informed consent for participation. With a very high participation rate, the data from the iStopMM study will answer important questions on MGUS, including potentials harms and benefits of screening. The study can lead to a paradigm shift in MM therapy towards screening and early therapy.

scholarly journals Gynecologic Malignancies in Children and Adolescents: How Common is the Uncommon?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Christoph Wohlmuth ◽  
Iris Wohlmuth-Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Gynecologic Malignancies ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Vaginal Neoplasms

The aim of this study is to assess the projected incidence and prognostic indicators of gynecologic malignancies in the pediatric population. In this population-based retrospective cohort study, girls ≤18 years with ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal and vulvar malignancies diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-18 registry. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS). The age-adjusted annual incidence of gynecologic malignancies was 6.7 per 1,000,000 females, with neoplasms of the ovary accounting for 87.5%, vagina 4.5%, cervix 3.9%, uterus 2.5% and vulva 1.6% of all gynecologic malignancies. Malignant germ-cell tumors represented the most common ovarian neoplasm, with an increased incidence in children from 5–18 years. Although certain subtypes were associated with advanced disease stages, the 10-year OS rate was 96.0%. Sarcomas accounted for the majority of vaginal, cervical, uterine and vulvar malignancies. The majority of vaginal neoplasms were observed in girls between 0–4 years, and the 10-year OS rate was 86.1%. Overall, gynecologic malignancies accounted for 4.2% of all malignancies in girls aged 0–18 years and the histologic subtypes and prognosis differed significantly from patients in older age groups.

scholarly journals Symptom presentation of SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative patients: a nested case–control study among patients calling the emergency medical service and medical helpline

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044208
Author(s):  
Amalie Lykkemark Moeller ◽  
Elisabeth Helen Anna Mills ◽  
Helle Collatz Christensen ◽  
Filip Gnesin ◽  
Stig Nikolaj Fasmer Nikolaj Blomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveCurrently effective symptom-based screening of patients suspected of COVID-19 is limited. We aimed to investigate age-related differences in symptom presentations of patients tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2.DesignSettingCalls to the medical helpline (1-8-1-3) and emergency number (1-1-2) in Copenhagen, Denmark. At both medical services all calls are recorded.ParticipantsWe included calls for patients who called for help/guidance at the medical helpline or emergency number prior to receiving a test for SARS-CoV-2 between April 1st and 20th 2020 (8423 patients). Among these calls, we randomly sampled recorded calls from 350 patients who later tested positive and 250 patients tested negative and registered symptoms described in the call.OutcomeResultsAfter exclusions, 544 calls (312 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 232 negative) were included in the analysis. Fever and cough remained the two most common of COVID-19 symptoms across all age groups and approximately 42% of SARS-CoV-2 positive and 20% of negative presented with both fever and cough. Symptoms including nasal congestion, irritation/pain in throat, muscle/joint pain, loss of taste and smell, and headache were common symptoms of COVID-19 for patients younger than 60 years; whereas loss of appetite and feeling unwell were more commonly seen among patients over 60 years. Headache and loss of taste and smell were rare symptoms of COVID-19 among patients over 60 years.ConclusionOur study identified age-related differences in symptom presentations of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients calling for help or medical advice. The specific symptoms of loss of smell or taste almost exclusively reported by patients younger than 60 years. Differences in symptom presentation across age groups must be considered when screening for COVID-19.

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