scholarly journals Comparing Frequency of Listener Responses Between Adolescents with and Without ASD During Conversation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Matthewman ◽  
Emily Zane ◽  
Ruth Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Conversational Skills ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

AbstractIn conversation, the listener plays an active role in conversation success, specifically by providing listener feedback which signals comprehension and interest. Previous work has shown that frequency of feedback positively correlates with conversation success. Because individuals with ASD are known to struggle with various conversational skills, e.g., turn-taking and commenting, this study examines their use of listener feedback by comparing the frequency of feedback produced by 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 neurotypical (NT) adolescents. We coded verbal and nonverbal listener feedback during the time when participants were listening in a semi-structured interview with a research assistant. Results show that ASD participants produced significantly fewer instances of listener feedback than NT adolescents, which likely contributes to difficulties with social interactions.

scholarly journals “We Thought We Were Alone”: The Subjective Experience of the Siblings of Anorexic Adolescent Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Persico ◽  
Salome Grandclerc ◽  
Catherine Giraud ◽  
Marie Rose Moro ◽  
Corinne Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sibling Group

Objective: The siblings of patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are potentially affected by a disturbed emotional experience that often remains undetected. In order to bring them a psychological support, the Maison de Solenn proposed a support group program for these siblings. The current research explores their mental representations of AN and their emotional experience in the support group named “sibling group.”Method: This exploratory study is based on a phenomenological and inductive qualitative method. Four girls and three boys aged between 6 and 19 participating in the “sibling group” were included in a one-time focus group session using a semi-structured interview guide. The thematic data analysis was performed by applying the methods of interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Themes that emerged from the interview fall into four categories: AN explained by siblings; the individual emotional experience of siblings; the family experience of siblings and the experience inside the “sibling group.”Discussion: According to our participants, the “sibling group” thus functions as a good compromise between keeping an active role in the anorexic patient's care and taking a step back to avoid being eaten up by the illness. Sibling-group participants retrieved a sense of belonging, which is normally one of the functions of being a sibling. It is important to note that the “sibling group” is part of the comprehensive (or global) family-based approach included in an institutional multidisciplinary integrative care framework.

scholarly journals Complementing or conflicting? How pharmacists and physicians position the community pharmacist

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Hilde Rakvaag ◽  
Gunn E. Søreide ◽  
Eivind Meland ◽  
Reidun L. Kjome
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Group Interviews

Background: Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians in primary care has been linked to improved patient outcomes. How professionals position themselves and each other can shed light upon their relationship, and positioning theory can be used as a tool to better understand intergroup relations. Objectives: 1) To identify how community pharmacists position themselves, and how they are positioned by general practitioners. 2) To assess how well these positions correspond, how the positions align with a proactive position for the pharmacists, and discuss how the positions could potentially impact collaboration. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected through six focus group interviews held between June and October 2019, three with pharmacists and three with physicians. The focus group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Systematic text condensation method. Positioning theory was used as a theoretical framework to identify the positions assigned to community pharmacists by the pharmacists themselves and by the physicians. Results: Twelve pharmacists and ten physicians participated. The pharmacists positioned themselves as the “last line of defense”, “bridge-builders”, “outsiders” – with responsibility, but with a lack of information and authority – and “practical problem solvers”. The physicians positioned pharmacists as “a useful checkpoint”, “non-clinicians” and “unknown”. Conclusions: The study revealed both commonalities and disagreements in how community pharmacists position themselves and are positioned by general practitioners. Few of the positions assigned to pharmacists by the physicians support an active role for the pharmacists, while the pharmacists´ positioning of themselves is more diverse. The physicians´ positioning of pharmacists as an unknown group represents a major challenge for collaboration. Increasing the two professions´ knowledge of each other may help produce new positions that are more coordinated, and thus more supportive towards collaboration.

scholarly journals The Role of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan in The Community Development Planning of Minangkabau, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Ardieansyah Ardieansyah ◽  
Ira Meiyenti ◽  
Elvira Mulya Nalien ◽  
Ilham Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Tungku Tigo Sajarangan holds a vital role in the deliberation process of the development in the Minangkabau community, regardless of the lack of synergy. This study aims to analyze and describe the position of this customary institution in the development planning of Bukik Batabuah Nagari in Candung District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The qualitative methods used in the data collection were semi-structured interview techniques comprising 20 informants, as well as field observations and documentation. Subsequently, the results showed that there was synergy from the perspective of individual and behavioral dimensions. Although this synergy was not observed from the position dimension, especially the Cadiak Pandai element, it can still be overcome by mutual control.  Concerning the dimensions of the relationship with other parties, Tungku Tigo Sajarangan remains active and participates in providing recommendations and opinions. This activity was observed even though no village regulation came from the Bamus Nagari initiative in implementing the village administration. Consequently, it was concluded that Tungku Tigo Sajarangan has played an active role in the planning process for the development of Bukik Batabuah Nagari. Also, the research recommended that the leadership system should act as a civil society to participate consistently and supervise the policies of the Bukik Batabuah Nagari government, with good synergy and coordination between all related elements.  

SCHOOL PROGRAM BRUSH DAY AND NIGHT 21 DAY TO INCREASE AWARENESS ABOUT ORAL HEALTH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Yudha Rahina ◽  
◽  
Chandra Iswari ◽  
Pudak Elang ◽  
Surwandi Walianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
School Program ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Most Indonesian brushes their teeth unproperly. This causes the rate of toothache due to caries is still high. The skill of brushing teeth should be taught from a young age. Materaials and Methods:This study is an qualitative applied study, namely implementing brushing day and night program at school for 21 days. This program involves 252 children including their parents, 17 teachers, and 5 dentists as counselor.The number of samples were 17 children. They were from 17 different classes, who followed until finished. Children's age ranges from 7-12 years old. This activity was carried out online.The materials prepared were animated educational videos, a 21-days toothbrushing calendar, colored pencils, children's toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste.A structured interview was used as research instrumment. Educational themes for children include: knowledge about teeth in general, the causes of dental caries,the brushing teeth method, and the pledge to brushing teeth. This program includes promotive, preventive, and counseling activities. The data were carried out during and after the activity was completed, then analyzed qualitatively. Results and Discussions:Children diligently brush their teeth in the right way, every morning after breakfast, and at night before going to bed. Parents take an active role in providing facilities, and accompanying their children when brushing their teeth. Conclusion:Children's awareness to maintain dental health increases, it becomes better than before

Emergence of turn-taking in unstructured child-robot social interactions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Baxter ◽  
James Kennedy ◽  
Tony Belpaeme ◽  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Ilaria Baroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Turn Taking

scholarly journals Pragmatic and Conversational Features of Arabic-Speaking Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining Performance and Caregivers' Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2308-2321
Author(s):  
Wesam Almehmadi ◽  
Thora Tenbrink ◽  
Eirini Sanoudaki
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Conversational Skills ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Pragmatic Skills ◽  
Discourse Management ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

Purpose This study investigates the features of pragmatic and conversational skills in the language of Arabic-speaking adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by comparing them with typically developing (TD) Arabic-speaking adolescents in Saudi Arabia. It aims to identify the differences in the pragmatic skills of the two groups and the perception of those skills by caregivers, with respect to four main pragmatic areas: discourse management, communicative function, conversational repair, and presupposition abilities. Method Data for this study were collected from 15 Saudi adolescents with ASD and a control group of 15 TD adolescents, matched for gender and language abilities. All the participants were in the normal IQ range. The caregivers of the adolescents with ASD and TD adolescents also participated in this study. Data were collected on the adolescents' performances using the Yale in vivo Pragmatic Protocol. In addition, the Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills (PPECS) was used to collect data on the caregivers' perceptions of the adolescents' abilities. The combination of tools in this study allows for a unique comparison between actual performance and caregivers' perceptions. Results As expected, both the adolescents' performances and the caregivers' perceptions reflected an overall deficit in the pragmatic and conversational skills of adolescents with ASD. However, we also identified an inconsistency between the caregivers' estimation of the participant's pragmatic abilities and the actual abilities demonstrated by the adolescents. In particular, TD adolescents performed significantly better than adolescents with ASD in the pragmatic areas of turn-taking, topic maintenance, and topic initiation, but the caregivers did not detect differences between the two groups in these discourse management abilities. Conclusions This study has important implications for both ASD interventions and assessment. It provides a comprehensive assessment approach for measuring pragmatic skills, including both direct (participants' performances) and indirect (caregivers' perceptions) measures. Future research may benefit from adopting the combined approach used in this study to explore pragmatics in ASD. Differences between caregivers' perceptions and the performances of individuals with ASD should be considered, as well as the influence of various factors on their communication.

scholarly journals Evolution of organizational recess: A study on general and specialist scopesÖrgütsel nişlerin evrimi: Genelci ve uzman örgütler üzerine bir araştırma

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Fahri Erenel
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Organizational Ecology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Firm Behaviour ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Organizational Inertia

<p>Current research in Organizational Ecology argues that alongside positional characteristics of institutions, the scope of operations is also quintessential to understanding routines directing firm behaviour. In order to widen their scope, firms need to discover markets outside their current niches. By operating outside their boundaries and broadening their operational areas, firms attain a set of routines which facilitate entry into new markets and, thus, continue their operations more efficiently and effectively. On the other hand, despite positional advantages of a broad scope, niche expansions entail riskier organizational changes for generalist firms compared to specialist firms. This study endeavours to explain factors playing an active role during the process of becoming a generalist or specialist firm in light of population ecology and organizational inertia theories. Primarily, a literature review of related Turkish and English sources was conducted. A semi-structured interview was established to attain in-depth insight from managers in firms which adopted a specialist strategy.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Örgütsel ekoloji ilgili güncel çalışmalarda, işletmenin konumsal özelliklerinin yanı sıra geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olmalarının da işletme davranışlarına yön veren rutinleri anlamak açısından önemli olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. İşletmelerin geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olabilmeleri için mevcut nişlerinin sınırları dışında yer alan pazarları da keşfetmeleri gerekir. Böylelikle geniş bir nişe sahip olan işletmeler, nişlerini daha da genişleterek, yeni pazarlara girişlerini kolaylaştıran rutin bir faaliyetler seti ile etkin ve verimli bir biçimde faaliyetlerine devam edebilirler. Bununla birlikte bu niş genişlemeleri, genelci örgütlerin geniş faaliyet alanlarının sunduğu konumsal avantaja rağmen uzman örgütlere kıyasla kendilerini dezavantajlı duruma düşüren tutum ve riskli örgütsel değişimleri de içerir. Bu çalışmada nüfus (popülasyon) ekolojisi ve yapısal atalet teorileri bağlamında işletmelerin genelci olma veya uzmanlaşma sürecinde etkin rol oynayan faktörler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak konuyla ilgili İngilizce ve Türkçe kaynaklar detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerden hareketle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları oluşturularak, uzmanlaşma stratejisini benimseyen işletmelerde yönetici pozisyonunda çalışanlarla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır.</p>

scholarly journals Medical Device Design Practitioner Strategies for Prototype-Centered Front-End Design Stakeholder Engagements in Low-Resource Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 957-964
Author(s):  
Marianna J. Coulentianos ◽  
Ilka Rodriguez-Calero ◽  
Shanna R. Daly ◽  
Jocelyn Burridge ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Device Design ◽  
Front End

AbstractPrototypes have the potential to provoke discussion and to encourage stakeholders to play an active role during design engagements in the front-end phases of a design process. However, detailed descriptions of stakeholder engagement strategies in front-end design are lacking. The aim of this research study was to understand how design practitioners prepare and manage stakeholders for engagements involving prototypes in the front-end phases of a medical device design process. Design practitioners at companies developing mechanical and electromechanical medical devices for use in low- and middle-income countries were interviewed following a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were analysed, and inductive codes were developed. The findings suggest that design practitioners manage the group composition of stakeholders, review the project and prototype(s) with stakeholders at the start of the engagement, and show the progress of prototypes to stakeholders over multiple engagements. These strategies shed light on the importance of handling interpersonal relationships during stakeholder engagement with prototypes.

Pets as Transitional Objects: Their Role in Children's Emotional Development

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lookabaugh Triebenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Transitional Objects ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Interview Format

Children's use of pets as transitional objects and the contributions of pets to children's emotional well-being were examined. The sample included 94 boys and 80 girls in preschool through Grade 5; 70% were current pet owners, and 30% were not pet owners. Each participant was individually interviewed using a structured interview format of 20 questions for current pet owners and three questions for non-pet owners to assess perceptions about the role of friendships between animals and humans, shared activities between children and pets, ways animals and humans communicate love for one another, types of verbal and nonverbal communication and interactions between animals and humans, and ways animals provide love, security, and emotional support to humans. Analysis indicated that children perceive their pets as special friends, important family members, and providers of social interactions, affection, and emotional support. Results are discussed in terms of the parallels between children's use of inanimate transitional objects and their use of pets as transitional objects.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Research on the Contribution of In-service Training to the Vocational Development of Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Melike Cömert
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Vocational Development ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Service Training

The objective of the present study is to determine the teacher views on in-service training regarding its contribution to the vocational development of teachers. The sample of the study, which was designed as a case study from qualitative research methods, consisted of 35 field teachers from 7 middle schools in the Battalgazi district of Malatya province in Turkey. The data were collected by the researcher through a semi-structured interview form presented to the teachers. The data obtained in the present study were analyzed by content analysis method. In the present study, the contribution of in-service training on the vocational development of teachers, subjects that required training, and the individuals who were required to provide training, were determined as the three main themes.It was identified that in-service training did not contribute to the vocational development of teachers due to the theoretical nature, superficial expression, lack of solutions, and exclusion of teachers as participants. According to these findings, it is possible to organize trainings that focus on solutions, different methods and techniques, focus, that are solution oriented and involve participants more. In addition, it was revealed that in-service training did not contribute to the vocational development of teachers since it was considered as a formality and is compulsory through signing participation documents. In this respect, it was determined that the proposals, which are frequently mentioned in scientific research, regarding the provision of in-service training to teachers appear to be invalid and fall short in terms of its goals. With respect to the finding that including the specialists, ministry experts, academicians, volunteers, experienced teachers and supervisors, who provide instruction in in-service training, within the process would be more efficient, thus a more active role could be assigned to these individuals.

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