The application of a phycocyanin extract obtained from Arthrospira platensis as a blue natural colorant in beverages

AbstractCurrently, the food additive industry has interest in replacing artificial dyes with natural pigments, trying to maintain consumer interest and increase their awareness towards healthy diets. Phycobiliproteins are light-harvesting and water-soluble proteins extracted from cyanobacteria and red algae that can be employed as natural additives. In the present work, a C-phycocyanin extract from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was tested as blue colorant in beverages to demonstrate that samples containing the protein extract have a color similar to marketed beverages containing synthetic dyes. Using spectroscopy and colorimetry, the extract was characterized and gave evidence of having good properties and good stability in the pH range between 3.0 and 9.0. The staining factors, representing the amount of blue protein needed to reproduce the color of bluish commercial samples, ranged between 15.6 and 111.7 mg·L−1, being sufficiently low in all samples. Additionally, color stability during a short period of cold storage was studied: it demonstrated that isotonic and tonic beverages remained stable throughout the 11-days analysis period with no significant changes. These results prove that the C-phycocyanin extract has potential applications in food as natural colorant, being an alternative option to synthetic coloring molecules.

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Using a B-Phycoerythrin Extract as a Natural Colorant: Application in Milk-Based Products

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 297

Author(s):

Ana Belén García ◽

Eleonora Longo ◽

Mª Carmen Murillo ◽

Ruperto Bermejo

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Color Stability ◽

Good Stability ◽

Natural Food ◽

Natural Colorant ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Short Period ◽

Food Dyes ◽

Ph Range

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in finding new coloring molecules of natural origin that can increase and diversify the offer of natural food dyes already present in the market. In the present work, a B-phycoerythrin extract from the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum was tested as a food colorant in milk-based products. Using spectroscopy and colorimetry, the extract was characterized and gave evidence of good properties and good stability in the pH range between 4.0 and 9.0. Coloring studies were conducted to demonstrate that samples carrying the pink extract could be used for simulating the pink color of marketed milk-based products. The staining factors, representing the amount of pink protein to be added to reproduce the color of strawberry commercial products, ranged between 1.6 mg/L and 49.5 mg/L, being sufficiently low in all samples. Additionally, color stability during a short period of cold storage was studied: it demonstrated that the three tested types of dairy products remained stable throughout the 11-day analysis period with no significant changes. These results prove the potential of the B-phycoerythrin extract as a natural colorant and alternative ingredient to synthetic coloring molecules.

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Evaluation of anthocyanin encapsulation efficiency into yeast cell by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 557-562

Author(s):

M.D. Lieu ◽

T.T.H. Hoang ◽

H.N.T. Nguyen ◽

T.K.T. Dang

Keyword(s):

Yeast Cell ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Color Stability ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Treated Sample ◽

Potential Applications ◽

The Individual ◽

First Time

Anthocyanin is a water-soluble color compound of the flavonoid which was successfully encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination in the first time. Treatment agents significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin fluid. The encapsulation yield (EY) of the combined factors was higher than the individual impact factors. Ethanol 10% (v/v) and ultrasound 180 seconds for the highest EY 40.22±0.67%, then ethanol 10% (v/v) and NaCl 10% (w/v) for EY 36.45±0.35%, NaCl 10% and ultrasound for EY 32.14±0.98% lowest. The color stability evaluation of the capsules was carried out at 80°C for 30 minutes. The color lost rate was determined by the spectrometer. The color loss of samples with the un-treatment yeast was 20.45±1.21%, higher than the treated sample. This suggests that anthocyanin encapsulation by yeast cell is efficient in overcoming the effects of high temperatures and having potential applications in food processing.

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Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2020-0040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodi Wang ◽

Yongchao Zhang ◽

Luyao Wang ◽

Xiaoju Wang ◽

Qingxi Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Organic Solvent ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organic Solvent Extraction ◽

Glycoside Linkage ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

Main Components ◽

Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

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Antioxidant properties, quantification and stability of betalains from pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140548 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fernanda Robert de Mello ◽

Claudia Bernardo ◽

Caroline Odebrecht Dias ◽

Luciano Gonzaga ◽

Edna Regina Amante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Concentration ◽

Natural Colorant ◽

Wide Ph Range ◽

Hylocereus Undatus ◽

Ph Range ◽

Promising Source

Pitaya peel can be used as a raw material for betalains extraction. The aim of this research was to quantify phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and betalains on pitaya peel. Furthermore, evaluate the betalains stability against various pH conditions and exposure time of heating. The results showed that pitaya peel contains phenolic compounds and presented antioxidant activity. Moreover it showed high concentration of betalains (101.04mg equivalent to betanin. 100g-1) which were stable over a wide pH range (3.2 - 7.0) and were resistant to heating (100oC) up to 10 minutes at pH range from 3.7 to 5.5. Therefore, pitaya peel is a promising source of betalains which can be applied as a natural colorant for food.

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A hydrostable and twofold interpenetrating three-dimensional zinc–organic framework with rob topology based on 4,4′-oxydibenzoate and 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridine ligands

Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry ◽

10.1107/s205322961600437x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Feng-Lan Liang ◽

De-Yun Ma ◽

Liang Qin

Keyword(s):

Title Compound ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

New Class ◽

Pyramidal Geometry ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Ph Range ◽

Square Pyramidal Geometry ◽

Bright Blue Fluorescence ◽

Bright Blue

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials that have received widespread attention due to their potential applications in gas storage and/or separation, catalysis, luminescence, and so on. The title compound, poly[[(μ2-3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2N:N′)bis(μ4-4,4′-oxydibenzoato-κ4O:O′:O′′:O′′′)dizinc] tetrahydrate], {[Zn2(C14H8O5)2(C12H12N2)]·4H2O}n, has been prepared by the solvothermal assembly of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, 4,4′-oxydi(benzoic acid) and 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridine. The two ZnIIatoms adopt the same five-coordinated distorted square-pyramidal geometry (i.e.ZnO4N), bonding to four O atoms from four different 4,4′-oxydibenzoate (oba) ligands and one N atom from a 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridine (dmbpy) ligand. The supramolecular secondary building unit (SBU) is a paddle-wheel [Zn2(COO)4] unit and these units are linked by oba ligands within the layer to form a two-dimensional net parallel to thebaxis, with the dmbpy ligands pointing alternately up and down, which is further extended by dmbpy ligands to form a three-dimensional framework withrobtopology. The single net leaves voids that are filled by mutual interpenetration of an independent equivalent framework in a twofold interpenetrating architecture. The title compound shows thermal stability up to 673 K and is stable in aqueous solutions in the pH range 5–9. Excitation and luminescence data observed at room temperature show that it emits a bright-blue fluorescence.

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Technical and Economic Feasibility of a Stable Yellow Natural Colorant Production from Waste Lemon Peel

10.20944/preprints202009.0232.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rosaria Ciriminna ◽

Billy Forest ◽

Francesco Meneguzzo ◽

Mario Pagliaro ◽

Mark Hamann

Keyword(s):

Physical Stability ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽

Natural Colorant ◽

Lemon Peel ◽

Citrus Flavonoids ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

Insight Into

A brief technical and economic insight into producing the water-soluble yellow colorant limocitrol 3-O-6”-[3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl)])-β-D-glucopyranoside from waste lemon peel via simple solid-liquid extraction in aqueous ethanol or via hydrodynamic cavitation of waste lemon peel in water, shows that the biocolorant can be obtained at affordable cost. Coupled to the simplicity and sustainability of the extraction processes suggested, the high chemical and physical stability of this polymethoxylated flavanol and the health benefits of citrus flavonoids, support industrialization of this new bioeconomy production.

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The effects of a water-soluble alpha tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivative onArthrospira platensis-M2 strain

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s1088424618500426 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (08) ◽

pp. 686-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Armağan Günsel ◽

Hatice Tunca ◽

Ahmet T. Bilgiçli ◽

Ali Doğru ◽

M. Nilüfer Yaraşir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Future Studies

In this study, we have analyzed the effect a newly synthesized water-soluble alpha tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Pc) compound on superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and biomass accumulation in the Arthrospira platensis-M2 strain to test whether this compound could be used as an algaecide or not. We found that lower concentrations (3 μg mL[Formula: see text] and 6 μg mL[Formula: see text] of Pc compound were not toxic to algae cells, as indicated by enduring biomass accumulation during the study (7 days). Higher Pc concentrations, however, were toxic and inhibited biomass accumulation. This inhibition appeared on the fourth day and persisted during the study. At higher Pc concentrations, SOD activity decreased significantly, but APX and GR activity were not affected. These results may show that Pc applications did not cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Arthrospira platensis-M2 cells. Our result suggests that higher Pc concentrations did not cause oxidative stress but biomass accumulation inhibited, possibly due to some different toxicity mechanism(s), which should be carried out in the future studies. As a result, we may offer use of this compound as a means to keep under control algal populations in natural environments.

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Characterization of a New Intracellular Alginate Lyase with Metal Ions-Tolerant and pH-Stable Properties

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18080416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 416

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Jie Li ◽

Xin-Yue Zhang ◽

Hao-Dong Ni ◽

Feng-Biao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Alginate Lyase ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Alginate Oligosaccharides ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Ph Range ◽

Alginate Lyases

Alginate lyases play an important role in alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) preparation and brown seaweed processing. Many extracellular alginate lyases have been characterized to develop efficient degradation tools needed for industrial applications. However, few studies focusing on intracellular alginate lyases have been conducted. In this work, a novel intracellular alkaline alginate lyase Alyw202 from Vibrio sp. W2 was cloned, expressed and characterized. Secretory expression was performed in a food-grade host, Yarrowia lipolytica. Recombinant Alyw202 with a molecular weight of approximately 38.3 kDa exhibited the highest activity at 45 °C and more than 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. Furthermore, Alyw202 showed remarkable metal ion-tolerance, NaCl independence and the capacity of degrading alginate into oligosaccharides of DP2-DP4. Due to the unique pH-stable and high salt-tolerant properties, Alyw202 has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Biosynthesis of Polyglutamic Acid and its Application on Agriculture

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1219 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 183-185 ◽

pp. 1219-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiang Yu ◽

Min Wang ◽

Qun Hui Wang ◽

Xu Ming Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Biodegradable Polymer ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Future Trends ◽

Polyglutamic Acid ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Purification Methods ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a kind of water soluble and biodegradable polymer, which is nontoxic toward humans and the environment. Therefore, the potential applications of γ-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range such as food, cosmetics, medicine, water treatment and agriculture. This paper summarizes γ-PGA synthesis pathways in microorganisms, producing strains, fermentation parameters, as well as separation and purification methods. In addition, the prospect of γ-PGA application on agriculture was introduced, pointing out the problems and the future trends in research and application of γ-PGA.

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