Art for the Masses? Justification for the Public Support of the Arts in Developing Countries – Two Arts Festivals in South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Snowball
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Masses

scholarly journals Who spends and who does not: Clustering visitors at a national arts festival

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saayman ◽  
A. Saayman ◽  
E. Slabbert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
First Time

The Grahamstown National Arts Festival is the oldest National Arts Festival in South Africa and was founded in 1974. This celebration of the arts takes place over a period of eleven days with the main festival running over eight days, which also makes it the longest (in terms of number of days) arts festival in the country. The literature review revealed that high spenders at arts festivals are also the visitors who buy the most show tickets. The success of these events is determined by ticket sales and not necessarily by the number of visitors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine who the high spenders at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival are. Data obtained during the festival in 2008 by means of a questionnaire survey (N=446) was statistically analysed by means of K-means clustering, Pearson‟s chi-square test and ANOVAs. Results indicated two clusters, namely high and low spenders and can assist festival organisers in developing a more focused marketing strategy and festival programme. This was the first time that K-means clustering was applied to festival data in South Africa.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION: Media accountability

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude-Jean Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses

The sole aim of media is to make as much money as they can. Or again, the media are to serve only the people in power, political or economic. If you agree to that, you might as well stop reading this. This issue of Pacific Journalism Review is predicated on the principle that media should serve the public. Journalists can only achieve that if they enjoy independence from financial and political pressures. It is not often enough underlined that they cannot enjoy that independence without the support of the public, the masses of voters and consumers. There is no way the profession can obtain public support unless it listens to readers/listeners/viewers— unless it is accountable to them.

The Michaelis Art Library: Thirty Years in a Changing City

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Jonathan Frost
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Service ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts

The Michaelis Art Library, part of the Reference Division of the Johannesburg Public Library Service, originated with a collection of books purchased for the planned Johannesburg Art Gallery in the 1920s. Temporarily and then permanently housed in the Public Library, the collection became the nucleus of a growing art library, the largest public art library in South Africa. In recent years usage of the library declined as a result of political tensions, but then increased in parallel with a surge of vitality in the arts which heralded the end of apartheid and the emergence of democracy. During 1995 the Michaelis Art Library was due to move into Johannesburg’s central library building.

Predictors of Whistle-Blowing Intentions: An Analysis of Multi-Level Variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soma Pillay ◽  
Needesh Ramphul ◽  
Nirmala Dorasamy ◽  
Denny Meyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Multi Level

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables impacting on whistle-blowing intentions in the public services of two developing countries, South Africa and Mauritius. In particular, this study considers the barriers to whistle-blowing and the effect of demographic and cultural values on the perceptions of these barriers. The study finds major differences between South Africa and Mauritius with minor differences in regard to gender and education.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Public Funding On Cultural Urban Revitalization

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Colonna
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Community ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
The Impact

The intent of this study is not to defend a preconceived notion that either the market or the public sector is more defensible, but to inform the reader of the public support of the arts.  The issue at hand, is whether or not public support of art activities can generate economic development and revenue in an urban regional economy.  The scope of this paper will concentrate on the performing and visual artists.Before proceeding into the investigative background, it is important to establish a protocol statement as to “What Art Is.”  In western societies, it has been argued that the core of art includes literature, the media, performing and visual art.  The fundamental difference in the performing artist and the visual artist is that the former is rewarded with abundance, where the latter by scarcity.  There are several reasons why art would be supported.  They are as follows:1. Art is not necessarily a daily part of our conscious lives.  However, large amounts of primary satisfaction received from art can lead to abstractions and ideas that are distributed and used in all parts of the economy.  For example, the influence color tones may have on a particular advertising campaign of a particular product line.2. Art is basic to all human endeavors, collectively and individually.  It is a link with the past, present and future.  Art thus acts as education does—to influence, move, stimulate, and sustain us.3. If in fact art plays such an important part of our cultural heritage, we do not want our society to experience a deficit in art supply.Baumol and Bowen, in Performing Arts: The Economics Dilemma, make the argument that the labor intensity of the performing arts and its production cannot maintain the proper tempo with the continuous increase in technology in an industrial economy.  Thus the performing arts face the stoic reality that operating costs will continue to be above earned revenue.  They maintain that investments in performing arts tend to be labor intensive, therefore having the effect of widening the gap between earned revenue and operating costs.Barton Weisbrod, of the University of Illinois, claims that economics of the arts yield an “option value.”  He defines “option value” as the value assigned to an option to consume, which we may not plan to consume in the near future.  This creates a scenario that art works and products would have value to a person who may not personally participate.  The myopia nature of the market mechanism may very well fail to allocate and distribute works, which would share these characteristics.Cultural capital, like real capital, is a stock variable and is subject to depletion.  Art is a part of cultural capital, but must be preserved and replenished.  Art as cultural capital can and does stimulate cultural tourism.  Thus, cultural capital can and should be used as a possible generator of economic activity.A Heuristic database will be established showing the impact of cultural capital on the growth of art activities, jobs, spending and tourism in urban areas.  It is particularly interesting to note that cultural activities may flourish in urban areas while the urban area itself may not flourish economically.Demand and supply economies such as those generated by cultural capital can generate economic development through broadening the economic base of an urban area.  A recent study showed the impact of forty-five art organizations in Washington, D.C.  These organizations accounted for $619 million dollars or for every one dollar invested, the art community returned an estimated five dollars and ninety cents into the economy.  Thus the art community, and support for it, act as an incubator of broad-based demand and supply economies.Public support of cultural capital may very well be providing funds for high participation rates in art endeavors, as well as seed monies for low participation rates of art endeavors.  The dilemma for the funding of cultural capital in the arts industry is that there has been a significant cut at the federal, state and local levels.  This has forced the arts industry to face the need for expanding viewership and private funding.  It can be argued that the lure of a clean, productive and community enhancing industry, such as the arts industry, would certainly be aggressively sought by any urban economics development agency.

scholarly journals Market segmentation of visitors at three selected arts festivals in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pissoort ◽  
M. Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the market segmentation of visitors at three Arts Festivals in South Africa. The Arts Festivals were Innibos, Oppikoppi and Volksblad.Problem investigated: The literature review clearly shows that, in order for marketers of festivals to use scarce resources effectively and efficiently, it is paramount to do market segmentation. The advantages of market segmentation lie in an increase in visitor numbers, better image, and by creating a competitive advantage to name but a few.Method of research: The research was conducted by means of structured questionnaires at the three arts festivals. The data was used to compile a profile of each Festival. The significance of the correlation between the three Festivals and their profiles were tested by using effect sizes and Chi-square. A sample size of 452 questionnaires for Volksblad, 573 questionnaires for Innibos and 201 for Oppikoppi was used.Findings: The results show that the visitor profile variables that are significant for market segmentation purposes include:language; the province in which Festival attendees reside; days spent at the Festival; and the size of the travelling group.These results confirmed but also contradicted a number of similar studies conducted. The results also clearly showed the different profiles of each of the three arts festivals.Value of research: This was the first time such research was undertaken at smaller Arts Festivals in South Africa and is useful for planning and marketing purposes.Conclusion: Due to the increase in the number of festivals and events in South Africa as well as competition in general,marketers and organisers of these events and festivals are required to understand and target the right markets. Hence, this type of research is important and necessitates marketers and event organisers to follow a more scientific approach.

Festival loyalty to a South African literary arts festival: action speaks louder than words!

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinette Kruger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Literary Arts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by focusing on the profile and loyalty of visitors to a literary arts festival in South Africa. In addition, this research advocates that festivals can influence visitors’ supplementary behavioural intentions and actions beyond loyalty in the form of literary arts appreciation, purchases and tourism. Design/methodology/approach A visitor survey was conducted at one of the oldest literary arts festivals in the country where a total of 391 completed self-administered questionnaires were obtained. The statistical analyses comprised three factor analyses (motives to attend the festival, satisfaction with the festival offering elements and behavioural intentions) as well as structural equation modelling, to establish the relationship between the motives, evaluation of the “festivalscapes”, behavioural intentions and loyalty. Findings The findings confirmed that literary arts festival loyalty is the principle behavioural intention that will occur after attending a literary arts festival. However, the results demonstrated that literary arts festivals also have the potential to increase and stimulate supplementary behavioural intentions in the form of greater awareness of the arts, increased purchasing behaviour of literary works, increased travel to support the literary arts and greater personal involvement. Practical implications Festivals, irrespective of the art form that they showcase, therefore, play a significant role in encouraging and increasing purchasing behaviour, which is vital to the viability and continuation of the arts industry. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to research the literary arts festival market in South Africa, thereby making a distinct contribution by expanding the literature on the needs of this neglected market and the aspects that influence loyalty to these types of festivals.

scholarly journals The Global Dialogics of the New Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Snyder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
New Age ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
White Settlers

The London-based weekly the New Age, edited by A. R. Orage from 1907 to 1922, was known for promoting spirited debates on politics, literature, and the arts. Scholars have been attentive to what Ann Ardis terms the magazine’s ‘unusual commitment to […] Bakhtinian dialogics in the public sphere’, but less so to the role that the letters column played in facilitating these often contentious, often transnational debates. This essay argues that the letters column functioned as a forum for linking not only individual readers and contributors from around the world, but also wider discursive and periodical communities. A case study of global dialogics, the essay focuses on an eleven-month debate that unfolded in New Age correspondence concerning the so-called black peril — the purported epidemic of black men attempting to rape white women in South Africa, which historians today regard as a moral panic fuelled by a desire to reinforce white supremacy. The flames of the panic were stoked by the Umtali case of 1910, in which Lord Gladstone commuted the death sentence of an Umtali native convicted of attempted rape to life imprisonment. This decision sparked mass protests and petitions among the white community in South Africa and a heated discussion about race and racism that reverberated throughout the empire, including in the columns of the New Age. The letters column served as an international forum, drawing in white settlers from Johannesburg, Crisis editor and NAACP founder W. E. B. Du Bois, Sudanese-Egyptian writer Dusé Mohamed Ali, and British suffragette Emily Wilding Davison, among others. This essay examines the gendered and racial politics of this debate and how it was shaped by its specific periodical context and by the national and ideological contexts of its interlocutors.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

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