scholarly journals Effects of actuation of nanoporous gold on cell orientation in a fibroblast sheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizheng Wu ◽  
Shogo Sawaki ◽  
Masataka Hakamada ◽  
Mamoru Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nanoporous Gold ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Individual

AbstractMechanical stimulation such as flood flow often plays a vital role in the growth and maintenance of a living body, and it is important to investigate cell responses to mechanical stimulation. To date, cell responses to mechanical stimulation have been investigated in detail. However, the cell responses have been little known in a cell sheet. In the present study, a small cyclic strain (CS) of ~0.5% generated by a nanoporous gold actuator was loaded on a cell sheet of fibroblasts, and the effects of the CS on cell orientation were investigated. Individual cells were randomly distributed after the CS application, whereas cells were oriented in a specific direction after the CS application for the cell sheet. Thus, the CS had a different effect on the cell sheet from that on the individual cells. It is suggested that the cadherin/p-120 catenin complex played an important role in the cell response to mechanical stimulation in a cell sheet.

scholarly journals Surface modification of uniaxial cyclic strain cell culture platform with temperature-responsive polymer for cell sheet detachment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (40) ◽  
pp. 7899-7902 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Lee ◽  
H. H. Bendre ◽  
A. Kalmykov ◽  
J. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
Responsive Polymer ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype ◽  
A Cell

Because current cell sheet-based blood vessels lack biomimetic structure and require excessively long culture times that may compromise smooth muscle cell phenotype, we modified a cell culture platform with thermoresponsive copolymers to allow intact cell sheet detachment after uniaxial conditioning.

Response of an Osteoblast to Cyclic Strain at Its Focal Adhesions Using Magnetic Micropillars

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Shiraishi ◽  
Takuya Ohara ◽  
Shin Morishita ◽  
Ryohei Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Osteoblast Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Difference

This paper describes a micro device which applies cyclic strain to focal adhesions of a cell. In recent years, evidence has been growing that focal adhesions act as mechanosensors of cells which convert mechanical force into biomechanical signaling. However, there are no effective micro devices which can directly apply mechanical stimulation to each focal adhesion. Here we develop a micropillar substrate embedding micron-sized magnetic particles and enabling the micropillars to be deflected by external magnetic field. The combination of long and short micropillars produces the difference of deflection between them and enables the micropillars to apply strain to a cell. The long pillars were periodically deflected at the amplitude of approximately 1.4 μm whereas most of short pillars were not deflected. Using the magnetic micropillar substrate, we observed the deformation of an osteoblast cell at its focal adhesions. The findings indicate that the present micro device can be used for investigating mechanosensing systems of a cell.

Nonspecific Chronic Back Pain: Sixth Edition Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Jay Blaisdell ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Intervertebral Disk Herniation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ratings for “non-specific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” are based on the diagnosis-based impairment method whereby an impairment class, usually representing a range of impairment values within a cell of a grid, is selected by diagnosis and “specific criteria” (key factors). Within the impairment class, the default impairment value then can be modified using non-key factors or “grade modifiers” such as functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies using the net adjustment formula. The diagnosis of “nonspecific chronic, or chronic reoccurring, back pain” can be rated in class 0 and 1; the former has a default value of 0%, and the latter has a default value of 2% before any modifications. The key concept here is that the physician believes that the patient is experiencing pain, yet there are no related objective findings, most notably radiculopathy as distinguished from “nonverifiable radicular complaints.” If the individual is found not to have radiculopathy and the medical record shows that the patient has never had clinically verifiable radiculopathy, then the diagnosis of “intervertebral disk herniation and/or AOMSI [alteration of motion segment integrity] cannot be used.” If the patient is asymptomatic at maximum medical improvement, then impairment Class 0 should be chosen, not Class 1; a final whole person impairment rating of 1% indicates incorrect use of the methodology.

scholarly journals Kindlin-2 mediates mechanotransduction in bone by regulating expression of Sclerostin in osteocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Xuekun Fu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Manxia Lin ◽  
Peijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization

AbstractOsteocytes act as mechanosensors in bone; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report that deleting Kindlin-2 in osteocytes causes severe osteopenia and mechanical property defects in weight-bearing long bones, but not in non-weight-bearing calvariae. Kindlin-2 loss in osteocytes impairs skeletal responses to mechanical stimulation in long bones. Control and cKO mice display similar bone loss induced by unloading. However, unlike control mice, cKO mice fail to restore lost bone after reloading. Osteocyte Kindlin-2 deletion impairs focal adhesion (FA) formation, cytoskeleton organization and cell orientation in vitro and in bone. Fluid shear stress dose-dependently increases Kindlin-2 expression and decreases that of Sclerostin by downregulating Smad2/3 in osteocytes; this latter response is abolished by Kindlin-2 ablation. Kindlin-2-deficient osteocytes express abundant Sclerostin, contributing to bone loss in cKO mice. Collectively, we demonstrate an indispensable novel role of Kindlin-2 in maintaining skeletal responses to mechanical stimulation by inhibiting Sclerostin expression during osteocyte mechanotransduction.

scholarly journals The Value of Recreational Ecosystem Services in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Well Being

Forest ecosystem services have played a vital role in human well-being. Particularly, recreational ecosystem services are creating physical and mental well-being for human beings. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to estimate the economic value of recreational ecosystem services provides by recreational sites such as Nandi Hills and Nagarhole National Park based on the individual travel cost method in Karnataka, India. This study has used a random sampling method for 300 tourist visitors to recreational sites. The present study has also estimated the consumer surplus of the visitors. The results of the study have found that (i) economic value of two creational sites has been estimated at US $323.05 million, (ii) the consumer surplus has been estimated for Nandi Hills at US $7.45 and Nagarhole National Park at US $3.16. The main implication of the study is to design the entry fees for the recreational site and sustainable utilization of recreational ecosystem services for the present and future generations.

Nutrigenomics and Life Style Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Phenotypic Alteration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Supplement Intake

: Legitimate nutrition assumes a significant role in preventing diseases and, in this way, nutritional interventions establish vital strategies in the area of public health. Nutrigenomics centres on the different genes and diet in an individual and how an individual’s genes influence the reaction to bioactive foodstuff. It targets considering the genetic and epigenetic interactions with nutrients to lead to a phenotypic alteration and consequently to metabolism, differentiation, or even apoptosis. Nutrigenomics and lifestyle factors play a vital role in health management and represent an exceptional prospect for the improvement of personalized diets to the individual at risk of developing diseases like cancer. Concerning cancer as a multifactorial genetic ailment, several aspects need to be investigated and analysed. Various perspectives should be researched and examined regarding the development and prognosis of breast and colon cancer. Malignant growth occurrence is anticipated to upsurge in the impending days, and an effective anticipatory strategy is required. The effect of dietary components, basically studied by nutrigenomics, looks at gene expression and molecular mechanisms. It also interrelates bioactive compounds and nutrients because of different 'omics' innovations. Several preclinical investigations demonstrate the pertinent role of nutrigenomics in breast and colon cancer, and change of dietary propensities is conceivably a successful methodology for reducing cancer risk. The connection between the genomic profile of patients with breast or colon cancer and their supplement intake, it is conceivable to imagine an idea of personalized medicine, including nutrition and medicinal services.

scholarly journals Reading Habits of Users of Sardar Patel University: A Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shishir H. Mandalia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Reading plays a vital role in life of a human. Reading provides experience through which the individual may expand his horizons of knowledge, identify, extend and intensify his interest and gains deeper understanding of himself, of other human beings and of the world. The study carried out to assess the reading habits of user of Sardar Patel University, VallabhVidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat. As a research tool; questionnaire was used for the data collection. Collected data were analyzed and tables were used to present the results of findings. Reading especially is a resource for continued education, for the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, for gaining information through media, especially newspapers, books, radio, television, and the computers. In this article investigator attempts to investigate the reading habits of users of the university.

scholarly journals Reflection on EFL/ESL Teachers' Emotional Creativity and Students L2 Engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyi Sun ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Lan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Emotional Aspect ◽  
Individual Aspect ◽  
The Individual

Emotions are one of the pillars of all human beings which can play a vital role in providing education. Emotions can affect all aspects of education. The feeling of creativity is one of the subsets of emotions. This feeling strongly affects the performance of education and the level of involvement of students. Student involvement has different aspects: social aspect; individual aspect, and emotional aspect. The present review shows that the emotional aspect of L2 engagement plays a pivotal role in the process of learning the language in English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) context. In dealing with the emotional aspect of teachers, the personal, social, and environmental aspects of the individual should be considered. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications and provides some suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Photosensitization to ultraviolet irradiation and selective killing of cells following uptake of pyrene-containing fatty acid

1986 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
E. Fibach ◽  
O. Morand ◽  
S. Gatt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Individual

Cells were incubated with 12-(1-pyrene)-dodecanoic acid (P12), a long-chain fatty acid to which a pyrene ring has been attached covalently. This acid was transported across the plasma membranes of cells and subsequently incorporated into their neutral lipids and phospholipids. Irradiation of these pyrene-containing cells for short periods (0.5-4 min) with ultraviolet light at 366 nm resulted in eventual cell death. Similar irradiation had no effect on cells that had not been exposed to P12. The time of the period of irradiation necessary for inducing the toxic process was related to the quantity of P12 incorporated, the latter being a function of the respective metabolic activity of the individual cell type. The degree of incorporation of P12 into a cell, and consequently its acquired sensitivity to killing by ultraviolet irradiation at 366 nm, was affected by the incubation temperature and addition of non-fluorescent fatty acid, albumin or other serum proteins. Different degrees of incorporation of P12 into various cell types were used for selective killing and elimination of cell populations by irradiation at 366 nm. The combined procedure of preincubation with P12 followed by ultraviolet irradiation thus permitted selection of cell types with a greater resistance to this procedure.

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