scholarly journals Using isothermal calorimetry and FT-Raman spectroscopy for step-by-step monitoring of maize seed germination: case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Iwona Stawoska ◽  
Aleksandra M. Staszak ◽  
Iwona Ciereszko ◽  
Jakub Oliwa ◽  
Andrzej Skoczowski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Time Regime ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Structure Of Proteins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ft Raman

Abstract Thermoanalytical methods are widely used to study seed germination processes. Our research aimed to use them in order to monitor the germination of maize seeds. To this end, we employed—for the first time—the isothermal calorimetric method with full oxygen access. Dry seeds were placed in ampoules with threaded caps, filled with distilled water. Heat flow was recorded in microwatts at 20 °C for 72 h in order to determine changes in thermal power associated with germination. In parallel with these measurements, in the same time regime, we measured FT-Raman spectra, which allowed us to analyze how endosperm and embryo changed their chemical compositions during imbibition and germination. Spectra obtained for endosperm reflected chemical changes resulting from catabolic processes. We also analyzed variations in the secondary structure of proteins in the embryo accompanying germination. Decomposition of amide I bands proved that during germination and protein hydrolysis, the content of helical and β-sheet structures decreased. Furthermore, in the embryos of dry seeds, S-S linkages were in both gauche–gauche-trans and trans-gauche-trans conformations, but after imbibition, only gauche–gauche-trans conformation can be identified.

Spinning-Cell FT-Raman Spectroscopy: Application to Crystalline Octacarbonyldicobalt(0), Co2(CO)8

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane H. R. Brienne ◽  
Ross D. Markwell ◽  
Steven M. Barnett ◽  
Ian S. Butler ◽  
James A. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectrum ◽  
Metal Carbonyl ◽  
Carbonyl Complex ◽  
Sample Cell ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Ir Laser ◽  
Visible Laser ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ft Raman

Raman spectrum of crystalline octacarbonyldicobalt(0), Co2(CO)8, has been successfully obtained for the first time by using a Fourier transform instrument together with a spinning sample cell to avoid decomposition of Co2(CO)8 upon exposure to the near-IR laser radiation used to excite the spectrum. Previously, only limited regions of the Raman spectrum could be obtained with visible laser excitation because of extensive sample burning. The new FT-Raman results, combined with the related IR data from the literature, provide a better description of the vibrational properties of this important binary metal carbonyl complex.

Ft-Raman Spectroscopy of Dirina Massiliensis f. Sorediata Encrustations Growing on Diverse Substrata

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. M. Edwards ◽  
D. W. Farwell ◽  
M. R. D. Seaward
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcareous Rock ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Ft Raman

AbstractThe FT-Raman spectra of encrustations of Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata on a variety of substrata collected from several locations have been recorded and analysed. This is the first time that such a comprehensive spectroscopic study has been made of lichen encrustations of the same species on different substrata. This lichen is able to bring about deterioration in all six different lichen substrata studied. Calcium oxalate dihydrate is produced in significant amounts by the reaction of lichen-generated oxalic acid with various calcareous rock substrata, as well as particles of the particular substratum itself. However, for specimens growing on a non-calcareous substratum in an exposed maritime location only traces of calcium oxalate are produced and more noticeable quartz particles are incorporated into the thalli. The results indicate that this lichen can degrade its substratum highly effectively and there is evidence of different strategies being exhibited by lichens in different habitats and geographical locations.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Capacities of Oils Obtained from 15 Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Cultivars in China

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Xixiang Shuai ◽  
Taotao Dai ◽  
Mingshun Chen ◽  
Ruihong Liang ◽  
Liqing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Squalene Content ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

The planting area of macadamia in China accounted for more than one third of the world’s planted area. The lipid compositions, minor components, and antioxidant capacities of fifteen varieties of macadamia oil (MO) in China were comparatively investigated. All varieties of MO were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly including oleic acid (61.74–66.47%) and palmitoleic acid (13.22–17.63%). The main triacylglycerols of MO were first time reported, including 19.2–26.1% of triolein, 16.4–18.2% of 1-palmitoyl-2,3-dioleoyl-glycerol, and 11.9–13.7% of 1-palmitoleoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol, etc. The polyphenol, α-tocotrienol and squalene content varied among the cultivars, while Fuji (791) contained the highest polyphenols and squalene content. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated the polyphenols and squalene content positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity. This study can provide a crucial directive for the breeding of macadamia and offer an insight into industrial application of MO in China.

scholarly journals Sarocladium and Lecanicillium Associated with Maize Seeds and Their Potential to Form Selected Secondary Metabolites

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Lidia Błaszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Gromadzka ◽  
Katarzyna Mikołajczak ◽  
Jerzy Chełkowski
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Decenoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer ◽  
First Time

The occurrence and diversity of Lecanicillium and Sarocladium in maize seeds and their role in this cereal are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate Sarocladium and Lecanicillium communities found in endosphere of maize seeds collected from fields in Poland and their potential to form selected bioactive substances. The sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS 1) and 2 (ITS2) and the large-subunit (LSU, 28S) of the rRNA gene cluster resulted in the identification of 17 Sarocladium zeae strains, three Sarocladium strictum and five Lecanicillium lecanii isolates. The assay on solid substrate showed that S. zeae and S. strictum can synthesize bassianolide, vertilecanin A, vertilecanin A methyl ester, 2-decenedioic acid and 10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid. This is also the first study revealing the ability of these two species to produce beauvericin and enniatin B1, respectively. Moreover, for the first time in the present investigation, pyrrocidine A and/or B have been annotated as metabolites of S. strictum and L. lecanii. The production of toxic, insecticidal and antibacterial compounds in cultures of S. strictum, S. zeae and L. lecanii suggests the requirement to revise the approach to study the biological role of fungi inhabiting maize seeds.

scholarly journals Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development Based on Geothermal Energy Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović ◽  
Ana Vranješ ◽  
Dušan Ignjatović ◽  
Dejan Milenić ◽  
Olivera Krunić
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Different Temperatures

The study presented in this paper assessed the multidisciplinary approach of geothermal potential in the area of the most southeastern part of the Pannonian basin, focused on resources utilization. This study aims to present a method for the cascade use of geothermal energy as a source of thermal energy for space heating and cooling and as a resource for balneological purposes. Two particular sites were selected—one in a natural environment; the other within a small settlement. Geothermal resources come from different types of reservoirs having different temperatures and chemical compositions. At the first site, a geothermal spring with a temperature of 20.5 °C is considered for heat pump utilization, while at the second site, a geothermal well with a temperature of 54 °C is suitable for direct use. The calculated thermal power, which can be obtained from geothermal energy is in the range of 300 to 950 kW. The development concept was proposed with an architectural design to enable sustainable energy efficient development of wellness and spa/medical facilities that can be supported by local authorities. The resulting energy heating needs for different scenarios were 16–105 kW, which can be met in full by the use of geothermal energy.

On-Line Monitoring of Airborne Chemistry in Levitated Nanodroplets:  In Situ Synthesis and Application of SERS-Active Ag−Sols for Trace Analysis by FT-Raman Spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2166-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Leopold ◽  
Michael Haberkorn ◽  
Thomas Laurell ◽  
Johan Nilsson ◽  
Josefa R. Baena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ft Raman

Application of FT-Raman spectroscopy to the study of selected organometallic complexes and proteins

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1196-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Barnett ◽  
François Dicaire ◽  
Ashraf A. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Metal Carbonyl ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Chromium Tricarbonyl ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Arene Chromium Tricarbonyl ◽  
Ft Raman

The study of colored organometallic complexes by dispersive Raman spectroscopy has been limited due to fluorescence or photodecomposition caused by the visible laser used as the excitation source. As a solution to this problem, FT-Raman spectroscopy with a near-infrared laser source has been useful in lowering fluorescence or photolysis in these samples. To investigate the utility of this technique, we have obtained and assigned the FT-Raman spectra of a series of arene chromium tricarbonyl complexes and of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Some bands previously unobserved by dispersive Raman spectroscopy were seen, including a band assigned to a 13CO satellite in the spectrum of methylbenzoate chromium tricarbonyl. In addition, FT-Raman data for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Protein-A are presented. Keywords: FT-Raman spectroscopy, metal carbonyl, proteins, organometallics, near infrared.

FT-Raman spectroscopy of titania hydrolysates

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Venz ◽  
Ray L. Frost ◽  
J.R. Bartlett ◽  
J.L. Woolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Raman
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