scholarly journals Ambiguity and price competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-256
Author(s):  
R. R. Routledge ◽  
R. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Equilibrium Prices ◽  
Price Game ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
Discontinuous Payoffs ◽  
Homogeneous Good

Abstract There are few models of price competition in a homogeneous-good market which permit general asymmetries of information amongst the sellers. This work studies a price game with discontinuous payoffs in which both costs and market demand are ex ante uncertain. The sellers evaluate uncertain profits with maximin expected utilities exhibiting ambiguity aversion. The buyers in the market are permitted to split between sellers tieing at the minimum price in arbitrary ways which may be deterministic or random. The role of the primitives in determining equilibrium prices in the market is analyzed in detail.

Research on the influence of relation embeddedness on innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances using expert fuzzy rule –intermediary role of shared mental model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guo Lifang ◽  
Cui Yuwen ◽  
Wu Yamin ◽  
Ma Jiaqi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Manufacturing Supply Chain ◽  
Intermediary Role

The innovation and development of manufacturing supply chain alliance is an important way for enterprises to meet the increasing market demand and maintain the competitive advantage. From the perspective of embeddedness, the research model of relation embeddedness on innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain was constructed based on AMOS. Shared mental model was selected as intermediary variable to study the influence of relation embeddedness, shared mental model and innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances. Expert fuzzy rule based system is utilized for measuring the performance of manufacturing supply chain alliances. The conclusion shows that relation embeddedness is significantly positive shared mental model and innovation performance. Shared mental model is positively affects alliance innovation performance and plays a part of intermediary role between relational embedding and alliance innovation performance. Practice implicates that enhance the level of relation embeddedness can promote the formation of shared mental model and improve the innovation performance of manufacturing supply chain alliance.

Mud crab, Scylla olivacea: fattening practices in Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Younus Mia
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Market Value ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Good Market

Abstract Fattening mud or mangrove crab, Scylla olivacea, has been practised in recent years in brackishwater ponds in Bangladesh. It is a relatively new practice in the country. Small- to medium-sized and even large but gonadal immature crabs that have low market value are bought from farmers, fishers, or from the market and stocked in fattening ponds. Fattening of crab is profitable because of fast turnover, low operating cost, high survival rate and good market demand. Two types of brackishwater earthen ponds are used to fatten crabs. One type is connected to the river through inlets and outlets to exchange water during high and ebb tides. Another type is not connected to the river but water is pumped into and discharged from the pond. The importance of fattening has been recognized as a source of income and employment to alleviate the poverty of coastal people. Through this technology, pond and ditches in the coastal region can be used throughout the year. On the basis of an interview with farmers, a net income of Tk 3,800 (US$ 65.50) can be achieved from a 120 m2 pond using the crab fattening technology. There is potential to expand crab fattening practices in coastal areas. However, an inadequate supply of stockable crab and feed are major constraints in this sector.

scholarly journals Pengaplikasian Golden Ratio Pada Perancangan Logo Dalam Perspektif Desain Komunikasi Visual

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Yulius
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Regular Form ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Communication Design ◽  
Good Market ◽  
The Times

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>In the scientific field of visual communication design, the logo is one of the most frequently made designs and has a good market share. Along with the times, designing a logo work has undergone various forms and forms of transitions. The design process has also undergone innovation from various aspects ranging from concepts to the final results. The amount of market demand for a good logo makes the logo designers try to maximize the logo making process to match the expected results. One form of the logo-making process is by applying the golden ratio as a benchmark in determining the proportion and order of a harmonious and regular form to produce an aesthetic visual form. Understanding of the golden ratio is needed as a guide for graphic designers to be able to create a design work that has a basis for structured patterns and arrangements.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong><em>: Logo, Graphic Design, Visual Communication Design, Golden Ratio, DKV</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p><em>Dalam bidang  desain komunikasi visual, logo merupakan salah satu karya desain yang paling sering dibuat dan memiliki pangsa pasar yang baik. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, perancangan sebuah karya logo telah mengalami berbagai macam transisi bentuk dan rupa. Proses perancangannya pun telah mengalami inovasi dari berbagai aspek mulai dari konsep hingga hasil akhirnya. Banyaknya permintaan pasar akan logo yang baik membuat para perancang logo berusaha memaksimalkan proses pembuatan logo agar sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan. Salah satu bentuk proses pembuatan logo adalah dengan cara mengaplikasikan golden ratio sebagai patokan dalam menentukan proporsi dan tatanan bentuk yang harmonis dan teratur untuk menghasilkan bentuk visual yang estetis. Pemahaman akan golden ratio dibutuhkan sebagai panduan para desainer grafis untuk dapat menciptakan suatu karya desain yang memiliki landasan akan pola dan tatanan yang terstruktur.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci </em></strong><em>: Logo, Desain Grafis, Desain Komunikasi Visual, Golden Ratio, DKV</em></p>

scholarly journals The complex assessment of official web-sites of medical organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
O. V. Khodakova ◽  
Yuliya V. Evstaf’Eva
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Given ◽  
System Reformation

The patient is a principal part in market relationships in conditions of health care system reformation. The patient is a consumer of medical services provided with set of rights, including right to choice of medical organization and right to choice ofphysician. The implementation of the given rights is possible only in conditions of competition at medical services market. So, in present situation, maintenance and getting involvedflow of patients are actual tasks raised before medical organizations. At the present stage, the official Internet web-site of medical organization play the role of one of tools of non-price competition at the market of medical services. The availability of official web-site with information in concordance with approved requirements to its content and form of presentation is a commitment of medical organizations of all organizational and legal forms fixed at the legislative level. The main purpose of web-site is to support awareness ofpatients concerning all issues related to medical services receiving, including choice of medical organization. The openness and accessibility of information to patient is a criterion of quality of web-site of medical organization. The purpose of study is to evaluate content, informativeness, accessibility and practical significance of official web-sites of medical organizations. The article presents the results of complex studying of web-sites of medical organizations including comparative analysis of official web-sites of medical organizations of state and non-state forms ofproperty, sociological assessment of structural stuffing of official web-sites of medical organizations as a tool of informing population about medical care, expertise evaluation of informativeness, accessibility and functionality of official web-sites of medical organizations.

scholarly journals An Overview on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Indigenous Strains Selection Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pulcini ◽  
Elisa Gamalero ◽  
Antonella Costantini ◽  
Enrico Tommaso Vaudano ◽  
Christos Tsolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Natural Expression

From the fundamental studies of Louis Pasteur in the XIX century to the current genomic analysis, the essential role of microorganisms in winemaking industry is well recognised. In the last decades, selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with excellent fermentative behaviour have been widely commercialised in form of active dry yeasts. Currently, the production of organic and “natural” wines represents a new economically relevant trend in the wine sector. Based on this market demand, the use of industrial yeast starter could be perceived as non-organic practice and then, rejected. However, in order to preserve wines sensory quality, healthiness, and to avoid organoleptic defects given by undesirable microorganisms, the “yeast factor” (S. cerevisiae or non-Saccharomyces) cannot be ignored. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the methods of selection of wine yeasts focusing the attention on indigenous S. cerevisiae strains. In fact, the use of ecotypic yeasts may represent a good compromise between the needs of microbiologically controlled fermentation and a modern vision of wine as natural expression of its “terroir”, also from the microbiological point of view.

scholarly journals Industrial minerals of the Fennoscandian Shield and their contribution to progress in the mineral-raw materials balance of global economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Щипцов
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fennoscandian Shield ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Industrial Minerals ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The Fennoscandian Shield is a megastructure, which has actively evolved since the early stages of earth crust formation (> 3.5 Ga) and a sequence of geological regimes during subsequent geological evolution paralleled by the formation of various types of industrial mineral deposits. The paper shows the important role of the shield’s industrial minerals in the exploitation of global useful mineral deposits played for decades. The industrial mineral potential and its dependence on socio-economic conditions, environmental requirements and market demand are described.

On the Role of Demand in Ricardo and Marshall

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Caravale
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Equilibrium Prices ◽  
Supply Functions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Equilibrium

The present note is a development of a paper I presented some four years ago at the 1987 meeting of the History of Economics Society (Caravale 1987), and that was later published in Rivista di Politico Economica in an expanded version (Caravale 1988). The aim of these two writings was to emphasize that—contrary to what is often maintained—demand conditions play a fundamental role in classical and classical-type theories. This role is different from that played by demand in neoclassical theories (where equilibrium prices are determined by demand and supply functions), and is so to speak “internal” to the theory of natural equilibrium since it is connected with the definition, for each situation, of the Smithian “point of effectual demand.” Before turning to the specific object of this note, let me recall very briefly the main points of the general thesis developed in the above-mentioned papers.

Static Efficiency of Compulsory Licensing: The Role of Limit Pricing

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Franco Cugno ◽  
Elisabetta Ottoz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Limit Pricing ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
Static Efficiency ◽  
Innovative Firm

A common argument against compulsory licensing of intellectual property maintains that it facilitates the entry of inefficient producers, which may reduce social welfare independently of any effects on R&D incentives. We study the issue in a model where the innovative firm, under the threat of compulsory licensing, reacts strategically by choosing between quantity and price competition. We show that the risk of a reduction in static welfare due to the entry of highly inefficient firms is avoided if licensing entails a royalty per unit of output and no fixed fees. The rationale behind this result lies in the fact that compulsory licensing threat works as a disciplining device to improve static social welfare, even when the applicant is a high cost inefficient firm. JEL codes: KOO, L49, 034.

From the Understanding of the Reaction Mechanism Towards Optimizing the Deposition Rate and Optoelectronic Properties of a-Si:H

1989 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Veprek ◽  
M. Heintze ◽  
R. Bayer ◽  
N. Jurčik-Rajman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Sticking Coefficient ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Homogeneous Good ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTWe present new results of kinetic studies of the deposition of high quality a-Si:H which strongly support the reaction mechanism suggested in our earlier papers: 1. SiH4 → SiH2; 2. SiH2 + SiS4 → Si2H6 (SiH2 + Si2H6 → Si3H6); 3. Si2H6 → 2a-Si:H (Si3H8 → 3a-Si:H). The “SiH3 mechanism”, as promoted by several workers, is in contradiction with these experimental facts.The di- and trisilane, which have a much higher reactive sticking coefficient than monosilane, play the role of reactive intermediates which facilitate the heterogeneous decomposition of silicon carrying species at the surface of the growing film. The values of the reactive sticking coefficient of Si2H6 and Si3H8 depend on the surface coverage by chemisorbed hydrogen; they increase with decreasing surface coverage. Under the conditions of the growth of high quality a-Si:H films the reactive sticking coefficient of disilane amounts to 10−4 to 10−2 which is in a good agreement with recent data of other authors.The rate determining step of the growth of high quality a-Si:H films is the desorption of hydrogen from the surface of the growing film. This can be strongly enhanced by ion bombardment at impact energy of <100 eV. In this way, homogeneous, good quality films were deposited at rates up to 1800 Angströms/min, and there is a well justified hope that this rate can be further increased.

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