scholarly journals Chlorine cycling and the fate of Cl in terrestrial environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresia Svensson ◽  
Henrik Kylin ◽  
Malin Montelius ◽  
Per Sandén ◽  
David Bastviken
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Chlorinated Fatty Acids

AbstractChlorine (Cl) in the terrestrial environment is of interest from multiple perspectives, including the use of chloride as a tracer for water flow and contaminant transport, organochlorine pollutants, Cl cycling, radioactive waste (radioecology; 36Cl is of large concern) and plant science (Cl as essential element for living plants). During the past decades, there has been a rapid development towards improved understanding of the terrestrial Cl cycle. There is a ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems where naturally formed chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) in soil frequently exceed the abundance of chloride. Chloride dominates import and export from terrestrial ecosystems while soil Clorg and biomass Cl can dominate the standing stock Cl. This has important implications for Cl transport, as chloride will enter the Cl pools resulting in prolonged residence times. Clearly, these pools must be considered separately in future monitoring programs addressing Cl cycling. Moreover, there are indications that (1) large amounts of Cl can accumulate in biomass, in some cases representing the main Cl pool; (2) emissions of volatile organic chlorines could be a significant export pathway of Cl and (3) that there is a production of Clorg in tissues of, e.g. plants and animals and that Cl can accumulate as, e.g. chlorinated fatty acids in organisms. Yet, data focusing on ecosystem perspectives and combined spatiotemporal variability regarding various Cl pools are still scarce, and the processes and ecological roles of the extensive biological Cl cycling are still poorly understood.

scholarly journals Impacts of Warming on Reciprocal Subsidies Between Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin J. O’Gorman ◽  
Irina Chemshirova ◽  
Órla B. McLaughlin ◽  
Rebecca I. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Freshwater Streams ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Reciprocal Subsidies

Cross-ecosystem subsidies are important as their recipients often rely on them to supplement in situ resource availability. Global warming has the potential to alter the quality and quantity of these subsidies, but our knowledge of these effects is currently limited. Here, we quantified the biomass and diversity of the invertebrates exchanged between freshwater streams and terrestrial grasslands in a natural warming experiment in Iceland. We sampled invertebrates emerging from the streams, those landing on the water surface, ground-dwelling invertebrates falling into the streams, and those drifting through the streams. Emerging invertebrate biomass or diversity did not change with increasing temperature, suggesting no effect of warming on aquatic subsidies to the terrestrial environment over the 1-month duration of the study. The biomass and diversity of aerial invertebrates of terrestrial origin landing on the streams increased with temperature, underpinned by increasing abundance and species richness, indicating that the greater productivity of the warmer streams may attract more foraging insects. The biomass of ground-dwelling invertebrates falling into the streams also increased with temperature, underpinned by increasing body mass and species evenness, suggesting that soil warming leads to terrestrial communities dominated by larger, more mobile organisms, and thus more in-fall to the streams. The biomass and diversity of terrestrial invertebrates in the drift decreased with temperature, however, underpinned by decreasing abundance and species richness, reflecting upstream consumption due to the higher energetic demands of aquatic consumers in warmer environments. These results highlight the potential for asynchronous responses to warming for reciprocal subsidies between aquatic and terrestrial environments and the importance of further research on warming impacts at the interface of these interdependent ecosystems.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic transformations of river ecosystems are not always bad for the environment: Multi-taxa analyses of changes in aquatic and terrestrial environments after dredging of a small lowland river

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12224
Author(s):  
Robert Stryjecki ◽  
Andrzej Zawal ◽  
Tomasz Krepski ◽  
Edyta Stępień ◽  
Edyta Buczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
The Impact

Rivers are one of the most commonly transformed aquatic ecosystems. Most papers present significantly negative effects of activities such as dredging or channel regulation on the ecological status of rivers. The purpose of this work was to compare the response of various groups of invertebrates (Mollusca, Hydrachnidia, Odonata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera) to an intervention involving dredging in conjunction with the removal of riparian vegetation. Habitat diversity increased after the dredging, and more individuals and species were caught than before the dredging. The increase in habitat diversity after the dredging translated into an increase in the species diversity of most investigated groups. Individual groups of invertebrates showed varied responses to the dredging, depending on the role of the terrestrial phase in their life cycle: the greater the role of the terrestrial phase in the life cycle, the more the group was affected by changes in the terrestrial environment following the intervention. In consequence, the intervention had the greatest negative impact on insects, and among these, on adult Odonata. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Dredging can benefit a previously anthropogenically transformed river ecosystem by increasing habitat diversity; (2) Odonata are particularly useful for assessing the impact of this type of intervention on invertebrate communities. They can be considered good indicators of habitat disturbances in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Silicon integrated multi-mode ring resonator

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Ye ◽  
Chunlei Sun ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
Yunhong Ding ◽  
Xinliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Modal Dispersion ◽  
Waveguide Width ◽  
Mode Division Multiplexing ◽  
Evanescent Coupling ◽  
Multi Mode

Abstract Ring resonator is an essential element in silicon integrated circuit, it is widely used as filter, wavelength multiplexer and switch in single-mode operation regime. As the rapid development of mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique, ring resonator that can process multi-mode signals simultaneously and uniformly is highly desired. However, the severe modal dispersion makes identical transmission for different modes very hard. In this paper, by breaking through the limitation of conventional multi-mode manipulation design with evanescent coupling or mode interference, we propose and demonstrate a multi-mode ring resonator (MMRR) inspired by the free space geometric optics. Arbitrary number of supporting modes can be achieved by simply widening the waveguide width. For proof-of-concept demonstration, an MMRR supporting four modes is fabricated with uniform transmittance. Furthermore, architecture of cascaded four MMRRs are also demonstrated experimentally.

scholarly journals Toward More Integrated Utilizations of Geostationary Satellite Data for Disaster Management and Risk Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Atsushi Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Fine Spatial Resolution ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Third-generation geostationary meteorological satellites (GEOs), such as Himawari-8/9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R Series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), and Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), provide advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements of the Earth’s weather, oceans, and terrestrial environments at high-frequency intervals. Third-generation GEOs also significantly improve capabilities by increasing the number of observation bands suitable for environmental change detection. This review focuses on the significantly enhanced contribution of third-generation GEOs for disaster monitoring and risk mitigation, focusing on atmospheric and terrestrial environment monitoring. In addition, to demonstrate the collaboration between GEOs and Low Earth orbit satellites (LEOs) as supporting information for fine-spatial-resolution observations required in the event of a disaster, the landfall of Typhoon No. 19 Hagibis in 2019, which caused tremendous damage to Japan, is used as a case study.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM PERKULIAHAN BIOLOGI KONSERVASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Evi Apriana ◽  
Achmad Munandar ◽  
Nuryani Y Rustaman ◽  
Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has never been used in learning. Incorporating Acehnese local wisdom into the study of conservation biology will greatly assist the process of raising awareness among students and the community about the importance of nature conservation, being able to clarify customary rules and rules about human relations with the natural environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach to improve environmental literacy and conservation measures. This study aimed to collect information relating to the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach through lectures that examine issues of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh. This research applies qualitative research design (Qualitative Research), conducted the analysis of the development related to environmental issues and Acehnese local wisdom. From the analysis of the results showed that the development of conservation biology lecture program through Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach has the characteristics (lectures studying the problems of forest conservation biology and terrestrial environments Aceh; learning Acehnese local wisdom-based contextual approach effective, integrated in the lectures and field activities to clarify the learning in the classroom; emphasis on the ability of the knowledge and skills that students care about the forest and terrestrial environment, develop environmental literacy and conservation measures are real), component (using a variety of learning methods and media), structure (meetings, concepts and sub concepts, learning process, learning objectives, learning strategies, billing tasks, and extra activities), and evaluation (procedures and evaluation tools: evaluation process using lectures observation, evaluation of learning outcomes using test (environmental literacy), and conservation measures using guidelines observation conservation measures). Abstrak Pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh belum pernah digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Memasukkan kearifan lokal Aceh ke dalam pembelajaran biologi konservasi akan sangat membantu proses penyadartahuan mahasiswa dan masyarakat tentang arti penting pelestarian alam, dapat memperjelas aturan-aturan adat dan kaidah-kaidah tentang hubungan manusia dengan alam lingkungannya. Dengan demikian sangat diperlukan adanya pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh melalui kegiatan perkuliahan yang mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh. Penelitian ini menerapkan desain penelitian kualitatif (Qualitative Research), dilakukan analisis pengembangan yang berhubungan dengan isu-isu lingkungan dan kearifan lokal Aceh. Dari analisis pengembangan ini diperoleh hasil bahwa program perkuliahan biologi konservasi dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh mempunyai karakteristik (kegiatan perkuliahan mengkaji permasalahan biologi konservasi hutan dan lingkungan terestrial Aceh; pembelajaran dengan pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh yang efektif, terintegrasi dalam perkuliahan dan kegiatan lapangan yang dapat memperjelas pembelajaran di kelas; menekankan pada kemampuan pengetahuan dan keterampilan agar mahasiswa peduli terhadap hutan dan lingkungan terestrial; mengembangkan literasi lingkungan dan tindakan konservasi secara nyata), komponen (menggunakan metode dan media pembelajaran yang bervariasi), struktur (pertemuan, konsep dan sub konsep, proses pembelajaran, tujuan pembelajaran, strategi pembelajaran, tagihan tugas, dan kegiatan ekstra), dan evaluasi (prosedur dan alat evaluasi: evaluasi proses menggunakan pedoman observasi kegiatan perkuliahan, evaluasi hasil belajar menggunakan tes (literasi lingkungan), dan tindakan konservasi menggunakan pedoman observasi tindakan konservasi). Kata kunci:     pengembangan program perkuliahan biologi konservasi, pendekatan kontekstual berbasis kearifan lokal Aceh, isu-isu lingkungan, literasi lingkungan, tindakan konservasi

scholarly journals KEAGENAN BANK DALAM PERSPEKTIF COMMON LAW SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Andika Persada Putera
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Law System ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Common Law System ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
Principal Supervision

<p><em>The rapid development of the national economy and banking external environment, causing banking activities not only engage in activities that are primary (core business), but also non-core business such as agency activities as Mutual Fund Sales Agent (APERD) and Bancassurance. </em><em>In the concept of the common law system, the agency as the center of all business affairs as a business owner can not do your own business, so delegating affairs to agents as a mediator. There is a legal relationships and trust (fiduciary relationship) between the principal and the agent acting on behalf principal. In addition, there is an element of supervision of the principal to the agent so that the agent must comply under the supervision of the principal. Supervision is an essential element that determines the existence of an agency relationship, so it is a vertical relationship between principal and agent. The principal control components in the form of action directives, orders, limitation of power agents and monitoring the agent's action.</em><strong></strong></p>

Estimating soilpCO2using paleosol carbonates: implications for the relationship between primary productivity and faunal richness in ancient terrestrial ecosystems

Paleobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Myers ◽  
Neil J. Tabor ◽  
Louis L. Jacobs ◽  
Octávio Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Ancient Ecosystems

In this paper we present a method for estimating soilpCO2in ancient environments using the measured carbon-isotope values of pedogenic carbonates and plant-derived organic matter. The validity of soilpCO2estimates proves to be highly dependent on the organic δ13C values used in the calculations. Organic matter should be sourced from the same paleosol profiles as sampled carbonates to yield the most reliable estimates of soilpCO2. In order to demonstrate the potential use of soilpCO2estimates in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies, we compare samples from three Upper Jurassic localities. SoilpCO2estimates, interpreted as a qualitative indicator of primary paleoproductivity, are used to rank the Late Jurassic terrestrial environments represented by the Morrison Formation in western North America, the informally named Lourinhã formation in Western Europe, and the Stanleyville Group in Central Africa. Because modern terrestrial environments show a positive correlation between primary productivity and faunal richness, a similar relationship is expected in ancient ecosystems. When the relative paleoproductivity levels inferred for each study area are compared with estimates of dinosaur generic richness, a positive correlation emerges. Both the Morrison and Lourinhã formations have high inferred productivity levels and high estimated faunal richness. In contrast, the Stanleyville Group appears to have had low primary productivity and low faunal richness. Paleoclimatic data available for each study area indicate that both productivity and faunal richness are positively linked to water availability, as observed in modern terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals The importance of different spatial scales in determining structural and functional characteristics of deep-sea infauna communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4547-4563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ingels ◽  
A. Vanreusel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Locations

Abstract. The urge to understand spatial distributions of species and communities and their causative processes has continuously instigated the development and testing of conceptual models in spatial ecology. For the deep sea, there is evidence that structural and functional characteristics of benthic communities are regulated by a multitude of biotic and environmental processes that act in concert on different spatial scales, but the spatial patterns are poorly understood compared to those for terrestrial ecosystems. Deep-sea studies generally focus on very limited scale ranges, thereby impairing our understanding of which spatial scales and associated processes are most important in driving structural and functional diversity of communities. Here, we used an extensive integrated dataset of free-living nematodes from deep-sea sediments to unravel the importance of different spatial scales in determining benthic infauna communities. Multiple-factor multivariate permutational analyses were performed on different sets of community descriptors (structure, structural and functional diversity, standing stock). The different spatial scales investigated cover two margins in the northeast Atlantic, several submarine canyons/channel/slope areas, a bathymetrical range of 700–4300 m, different sampling locations at each station, and vertical sediment profiles. The results indicated that the most important spatial scale for structural and functional diversity and standing stock variability is the smallest one; infauna communities changed substantially more with differences between sediment depth layers than with differences associated to larger geographical or bathymetrical scales. Community structure differences were greatest between stations at both margins. Important regulating ecosystem processes and the scale on which they occur are discussed. The results imply that, if we are to improve our understanding of ecosystem patterns of deep-sea infauna and the relevant processes driving their structure, structural and functional diversity, and standing stock, we must pay particular attention to the small-scale heterogeneity or patchiness and the causative mechanisms acting on that scale.

scholarly journals Impact of the epidemic on the world economy

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 02045
Author(s):  
Zihuan Feng ◽  
Xun Liang ◽  
Binqing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Office Software ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the epidemic on the global economy has exposed the fragility and complexity of the internal and external economic system, and the global economic situation is not optimistic. Taking the epidemic as an example, this paper analyzed the impact of emergencies on the global economy from multiple perspectives. The outbreak of the epidemic has made most offline businesses shut down overnight. At the same time, it has also led to the rapid development of online economy, such as online education, home office software, video entertainment and so on. The outbreak and spread of the epidemic has promoted the digital upgrading of all walks of life, including online government affairs, commerce, science, education, culture and health organization, operation and maintenance. The era of digital economy has come, and digitization is the general trend.

scholarly journals Keagenan Bank dalam Perspektif Common Law System

2016 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Andika Persada Putera
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Law System ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Common Law System ◽  
Sales Agent ◽  
Principal Supervision

The rapid development of the national economy and banking external environment, causing banking activities not only engage in activities that are primary (core business), but also non-core business such as agency activities as Mutual Fund Sales Agent (APERD) and Bancassurance. In the concept of the common law system, the agency as the center of all business affairs as a business owner can not do your own business, so delegating affairs to agents as a mediator. There is a legal relationships and trust (fiduciary relationship) between the principal and the agent acting on behalf principal. In addition, there is an element of supervision of the principal to the agent so that the agent must comply under the supervision of the principal. Supervision is an essential element that determines the existence of an agency relationship, so it is a vertical relationship between principal and agent. The principal control components in the form of action directives, orders, limitation of power agents and monitoring the agent's action

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document