scholarly journals The impact of bankruptcy regimes on entrepreneurship and innovation. Is there any relationship?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Prusak ◽  
Sylwia Morawska ◽  
Michał Łukowski ◽  
Przemysław Banasik
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Risk Acceptance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Risk

AbstractThe literature review indicates that bankruptcy law may play an important role in and be one of the factors influencing the development of entrepreneurship, innovation, and thus economic growth, among other things. In previous studies, the analysis of the impact of bankruptcy law on individual variables has been conducted independently. Our aim was to conduct a holistic analysis, taking several factors into account simultaneously. Therefore, a descriptive model was proposed, based on which the following research hypothesis was formulated: In countries characterised by an effective legal system and at the same time debtor-friendly bankruptcy law, the level of risk acceptance among entrepreneurs is higher, which is reflected in higher levels of entrepreneurship and innovation. Based on the selected variables, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using linear models estimated on the basis of the least-squares method. Additionally, to strengthen the conclusions drawn, the models were assessed in such a way enabling the analysis of causality as defined by Granger based on the two-step process. The results obtained allowed us to confirm the research hypothesis: in countries characterised by an efficient legal system and at the same time debtor-friendly bankruptcy law, the level of risk acceptance among entrepreneurs is higher, which is reflected in higher levels of entrepreneurship and innovation. The research results are particularly important from the point of view of legislators who are responsible for drafting amendments to bankruptcy law. Including certain debtor-friendly provisions may, in the long run, lead to increased entrepreneurship and innovation, and thus economic development.

A simulation study of impacts of error structure on modeling stock–recruitment data using generalized linear models

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
David Schneider ◽  
Joe Wroblewski
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Error Structure ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Impact

Stock–recruitment (S–R) models are commonly fitted to S–R data with a least-squares method. Errors in modeling are usually assumed to be normal or lognormal, regardless of whether such an assumption is realistic. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was used to evaluate the impact of the assumption of error structure on S–R modeling. The generalized linear model, which can readily deal with different error structures, was used in estimating parameters. This study suggests that the quality of S–R parameter estimation, measured by estimation errors, can be influenced by the realism of error structure assumed in an estimation, the number of S–R data points, and the number of outliers in modeling. A small number of S–R data points and the presence of outliers in S–R data could increase the difficulty in identifying an appropriate error structure in modeling, which might lead to large biases in the S–R param eter estimation. This study shows that generalized linear model methods can help identify an appropriate error distribution in S–R modeling, leading to an improved estimation of parameters even when there are outliers and the number of S–R data points is small. We recommend the generalized linear model be used for quantifying stock–recruitment relationships.

Association of Touch Avoidance with Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Psoriasis Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
April W. Armstrong ◽  
Jennifer C. Cather ◽  
Carle F. Paul ◽  
Emily Edson-Heredia ◽  
Baojin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Touch Avoidance ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objective Previous large studies have highlighted the impact of psoriasis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) but not on interpersonal touch. This survey assessed the prevalence of touch avoidance among psoriasis patients, and its relationship to clinical characteristics and HRQoL. Methods Using an online, cross-sectional study with a standardized questionnaire, psoriasis patients reported their level of touch avoidance. The relationships between touch avoidance, patient-reported outcome measures, and patient demographics were analyzed using linear models for continuous outcomes and logistic models for categorical outcomes. Results Touch avoidance was reported by 48.2% of participants. Higher levels of touch avoidance were associated with worse HRQoL, depression, and itch outcomes (p<.001 for all). The strongest indicators of touch avoidance were HRQoL score (p<.001) and depression score (p<.001). Conclusion Nearly half of psoriasis patients report avoidance of touch. Those who had worse disease severity, HRQoL, and depression reported higher levels of touch avoidance.

scholarly journals Causal impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England: cross-sectional evidence for 2013/2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e046417
Author(s):  
Stephen Martin ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
James Lomas ◽  
Karl Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Spending Growth ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe first objective is to estimate the joint impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England. The second objective is to use these results to estimate the impact of spending constraints in 2010/2011–2014/2015 on total mortality.MethodsThe impact of social care, healthcare and public health expenditure on mortality is analysed by applying the two-stage least squares method to local authority data for 2013/2014. Next, we compare the growth in healthcare and social care expenditure pre-2010 and post-2010. We use the difference between these growth rates and the responsiveness of mortality to changes in expenditure taken from the 2013/2014 cross-sectional analysis to estimate the additional mortality generated by post-2010 spending constraints.ResultsOur most conservative results suggest that (1) a 1% increase in healthcare expenditure reduces mortality by 0.532%; (2) a 1% increase in social care expenditure reduces mortality by 0.336%; and (3) a 1% increase in local public health spending reduces mortality by 0.019%. Using the first two of these elasticities and data on the change in spending growth between 2001/2002–2009/2010 and 2010/2011–2014/2015, we find that there were 57 550 (CI 3075 to 111 955) more deaths in the latter period than would have been observed had spending growth during this period matched that in 2001/2002–2009/2010.ConclusionsAll three forms of public healthcare-related expenditure save lives and there is evidence that additional social care expenditure is more than twice as productive as additional healthcare expenditure. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the slowdown in the rate of improvement in life expectancy in England and Wales since 2010 is attributable to spending constraints in the healthcare and social care sectors.

scholarly journals Linear and Non-Linear Models for Remotely-Sensed Hyperspectral Image Visualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Radu-Mihai Coliban ◽  
Maria Marincaş ◽  
Cosmin Hatfaludi ◽  
Mihai Ivanovici
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Image Visualization ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

The visualization of hyperspectral images still constitutes an open question and may have an important impact on the consequent analysis tasks. The existing techniques fall mainly in the following categories: band selection, PCA-based approaches, linear approaches, approaches based on digital image processing techniques and machine/deep learning methods. In this article, we propose the usage of a linear model for color formation, to emulate the image acquisition process by a digital color camera. We show how the choice of spectral sensitivity curves has an impact on the visualization of hyperspectral images as RGB color images. In addition, we propose a non-linear model based on an artificial neural network. We objectively assess the impact and the intrinsic quality of the hyperspectral image visualization from the point of view of the amount of information and complexity: (i) in order to objectively quantify the amount of information present in the image, we use the color entropy as a metric; (ii) for the evaluation of the complexity of the scene we employ the color fractal dimension, as an indication of detail and texture characteristics of the image. For comparison, we use several state-of-the-art visualization techniques. We present experimental results on visualization using both the linear and non-linear color formation models, in comparison with four other methods and report on the superiority of the proposed non-linear model.

Nurse performed peripheral intravenous catheter first time insertion success in pediatric patients in Bhutan: An observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigme Choden ◽  
Peter J Carr ◽  
Aleisha R Brock ◽  
Adrian Esterman
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is a clinical procedure commonly performed by nurses for pediatric patients in Bhutan. This study describes peripheral intravenous catheter first attempt success and factors associated with such insertions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2016 to March 2017, comprised of a national sample of the Bhutan pediatric patient population (0–12 years). We collected data on peripheral intravenous catheter first time insertion success rate of admitted pediatric patients, to identify predictors of a successful first time attempt. Clustered log binomial generalized linear models were used to obtain the prevalence of first time attempt success and predictors of success. Results: The prevalence rate of successful first time attempt adjusted for clustering was 64% (95% confidence interval: 51%–80%). Predictors of a successful first time attempt were older patient age, lighter skin color, the vein being visible with a tourniquet, and the left hand being used for insertion. A transilluminator was used in 52 patients, and the peripheral intravenous catheter was eventually successfully placed in 82% of the patients. Discussion: Our first time successful cannulation rate is substantially lower than that found in similar studies in other countries. Considering the impact a peripheral intravenous catheter has on patients’ clinical outcomes and cost implications, reducing the number of failed attempts should be of high importance. Better education and simulation, combined with the adoption of vessel locating technology, are required to improve insertion practice in Bhutan. This could lead to greater efficiency of the health facilities in Bhutan.

Competitiveness and production efficiency across OECD countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Salas-Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to measure the efficiency of resource utilization across OECD countries aiming to verify that higher levels of competitiveness enhance the production capacity – the maximum possible output of an economy in a given period with the available resources.Design/methodology/approachThe author used a two-stage procedure to first estimate the cross-sectional efficiency scores of 18 OECD economies by data envelopment analysis, and then to assess the impact of contextual variables on efficiency running regressions in the second-stage analysis. In particular, in the second stage, the author examined the effects of competitiveness on the production efficiency of the countries, while controlling for other independent variables.FindingsThe results confirmed that the higher the level of competitiveness, innovation and sophistication factors predominantly, the higher the level of productive efficiency of the countries analyzed.Originality/valueThe paper is novel because it opens the black box of the aggregate process of production of the conversion of resources into a national product. From the social point of view, it is relevant to know if a country could produce more output with the same resources, such as labor and capital and, therefore, could increase per capita income and social welfare.

The impact of self-congruity (symbolic and functional) on the brand hate

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Islam ◽  
Saman Attiq ◽  
Zahid Hameed ◽  
Munnawar Naz Khokhar ◽  
Zaryab Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Congruity Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brand Hate

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the impact of symbolic and functional incongruity on brand hate. According to self-congruity theory, symbolic and functional congruence are a critical phenomenon in consumer buying decisions. Therefore, the present study develops a theoretical framework based on self-congruity theory to examine the key determinants of brand hate.Design/methodology/approachData were collected only in fast-food chain franchises in the capital city territory of Pakistan. Therefore, it is hard to generalize the findings of this research for customers from different cultural backgrounds.FindingsThe results of the study reveal that symbolic and functional incongruence are the primary factors responsible for brand hate among Pakistani fast-food customers. Customers carefully consider both self-image and product attributes when purchasing products.Research limitations/implicationsThe research uses the cross-sectional method, which limits the findings’ usefulness in other sectors.Practical implicationsThe current research helps policymakers understand the key determinants of brand hate, showing that symbolic incongruence is the primary antecedent. Therefore, policymakers and corporate leaders should consider that Pakistan is an Islamic country where consumer choices of food are not only derived from food quality, food hygiene and service quality, but also the symbolic image (i.e. halal food) is a vital determinant of consumption.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by discussing the above issue and presenting quantitative data. This research extends the literature by testing and validating a conceptual model that includes two types of congruence (symbolic and functional) to study brand hate. The proposed conceptual model provides a novel, theoretical, self-congruity point of view on brand hate.

scholarly journals Conceptual Model of Sustainable Development Management Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 068-084
Author(s):  
Roman M. Kachalov ◽  
◽  
Yuliya A. Sleptsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Risk

The purpose of this paper is to develop a concept for managing the level of risk of disrupting the sustainable development of the enterprise. The research methodology is based on the system economic theory and the operational theory of risk management. A methodology is proposed for the study of the development and implementation of management decisions in the managerial subsystem, taking into account the identified risks of sustainable development of the enterprise at the intentional, expectational, cognitive and functional stages. Within the framework of these stages, the processes of goal setting, information collection, assessment of the existing environment and forecasting of changes in the enterprise, as well as the processes of implementing decisions are carried out. To shed light on the processes of identifying risk factors and developing appropriate anti-risk managerial impacts depend on the localization in the control object. When decomposing a control object, four types of localization are distinguished: an object subsystem, a process subsystem, a project subsystem, and an environmental subsystem. The implementation of managerial decisions, from the point of view of the object subsystem, can be limited by the high cost of the main production equipment and long life cycles of the finished product. When implementing the developed managerial solutions, there may be a redistribution of profit centers or a change in the way it is generated, which will lead to a change in the characteristics of the enterprise's process subsystem. In the project subsystem, an enterprise can achieve maximum effect by focusing its efforts on the introduction of innovative technologies. The speed of changes in the external environment of the enterprise becomes very high, so the role of forecasting the impact of these changes on the environmental subsystem of the enterprise increases, and applying this knowledge to develop managerial impact, on the one hand, and to adapt the enterprise to these changes, on the other. It is shown that by regulating and eliminating the imbalance in the preparation of managerial impacts, it is possible to reduce the level of risk in the implementation of such decisions.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF TRANSFER PRICING ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Ileana Tache ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Paraschiva Luca ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to analyse the impact of transfer pricing on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania. For attaining this goal, we performed a simple linear regression by the least squares method to study the impact of adjustments of tax obligations in the field of transfer pricing on foreign direct investment in the period 2011-2019.We have proved, from a statistical point of view, that there is a relationship between foreign direct investment and adjustments to tax liabilities resulting from transfer pricing

The impacts of competence-based marketing capabilities: relative attention, relationship learning and collaboration development

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Hsu Liu ◽  
Lu-Jui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning And Collaboration ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Original equipment manufacturing (OEM) suppliers must identify and communicate competences to ensure that they are successfully translated into competitive advantages. This study aims to explore the competence-based marketing capabilities of suppliers based on competence-based marketing view. It integrates resource-based theory and resource dependence theory to conduct a detailed evaluation of the impact of competence-based marketing capabilities on collaboration development, which is classified as either exploitative or explorative collaboration between buyers and suppliers. Design/methodology/approach The partial least squares method was used to analyse and find direct support for the authors’ hypotheses based on cross-sectional data from a sample of 116 Taiwanese OEM suppliers. Findings The results find no support as recent arguments that the marketing of competence would directly affect collaborative relationships in a buyer–supplier relationship. The two mediating roles of relative attention from buyers and relationship learning with buyers were confirmed. The empirical findings indicated that relative attention from buyers partially mediates the relationship between competence-based marketing capabilities and exploitative collaboration development, while relationship learning completely mediates the relationship between competence-based marketing capabilities and two-pronged collaboration development. Originality/value This study provides a thorough examination of competence-based marketing capabilities, which have attracted substantial attention from business scholars but empirical research investigating and discussing how suppliers develop new collaborations with buyers is lacking.

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