Comparative analyses of sooty mould communities from Brazil and Central Europe

AbstractTo gain an insight into fungal sooty mould communities on leaves of trees and shrubs in the tropics and in temperate regions, 47 biofilms of the Mata Atlântica rainforest relic and the Caatinga vegetation in the state of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, and from Central European colline and alpine zones were compared. The four sampling sites clearly differed in composition of their epiphyllous fungal communities. The fungal OTUs from all sites belonged mainly to the Ascomycota, with Dothideomycetes being the dominant class. The core community group consisted of a few site-specific representatives in co-occurrence with the ubiquitous Mycosphaerella tassiana and Aureobasidium pullulans. Most species of the core community were dark pigmented and were accompanied by facultative unpigmented or lightly pigmented species. Among the cultivable fungal species, the proportion of melanised species was significantly more abundant in samples from the two European sites, which supports the theory of thermal melanism. The identity of the host plant had a stronger impact on fungal community composition than the presence of sap-feeding insects.

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Will Love Tear Us Apart: Adapting the Lyrical to the Ludic

CounterText ◽

10.3366/count.2016.0053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 217-235

Author(s):

Gordon Calleja

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Game Design ◽

Digital Games ◽

Design Decisions ◽

The Core ◽

Lyrical Poetry ◽

Insight Into ◽

Made In

This paper gives an insight into the design process of a game adaptation of Joy Division's Love Will Tear Us Apart (1980). It outlines the challenges faced in attempting to reconcile the diverging qualities of lyrical poetry and digital games. In so doing, the paper examines the design decisions made in every segment of the game with a particular focus on the tension between the core concerns of the lyrical work being adapted and established tenets of game design.

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Force in Nature

The Oxford Handbook of Schopenhauer ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190660055.013.10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146-160

Author(s):

David Carus

Keyword(s):

Natural Science ◽

The Body ◽

The Core ◽

Thing In Itself ◽

The Will ◽

Insight Into

This chapter explores Schopenhauer’s concept of force, which lies at the root of his philosophy. It is force in nature and thus in natural science that is inexplicable and grabs Schopenhauer’s attention. To answer the question of what this inexplicable term is at the root of all causation, Schopenhauer looks to the will within us. Through will, he maintains that we gain immediate insight into forces in nature and hence into the thing in itself at the core of everything and all things. Will is thus Schopenhauer’s attempt to answer the question of the essence of appearance. Yet will, as it turns out, cannot be known immediately as it is subject to time, and the acts of will, which we experience within us, do not correlate immediately with the actions of the body (as Schopenhauer had originally postulated). Hence, the acts of will do not lead to an explanation of force, which is at the root of causation in nature. Schopenhauer sets out to explain what is at the root of all appearances, derived from the question of an original cause, or as Schopenhauer states “the cause of causation,” but cannot determine this essence other than by stating that it is will; a will, however, that cannot be immediately known.

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Temporal hierarchy of intrinsic neural timescales converges with spatial core-periphery organization

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01785-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehrshad Golesorkhi ◽

Javier Gomez-Pilar ◽

Shankar Tumati ◽

Maia Fraser ◽

Georg Northoff

Keyword(s):

Time Window ◽

Human Cortex ◽

The Core ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Open Issue ◽

Task Differences ◽

Spatial Hierarchy ◽

Fundamental Insight ◽

Insight Into ◽

And Task

AbstractThe human cortex exhibits intrinsic neural timescales that shape a temporal hierarchy. Whether this temporal hierarchy follows the spatial hierarchy of its topography, namely the core-periphery organization, remains an open issue. Using magnetoencephalography data, we investigate intrinsic neural timescales during rest and task states; we measure the autocorrelation window in short (ACW-50) and, introducing a novel variant, long (ACW-0) windows. We demonstrate longer ACW-50 and ACW-0 in networks located at the core compared to those at the periphery with rest and task states showing a high ACW correlation. Calculating rest-task differences, i.e., subtracting the shared core-periphery organization, reveals task-specific ACW changes in distinct networks. Finally, employing kernel density estimation, machine learning, and simulation, we demonstrate that ACW-0 exhibits better prediction in classifying a region’s time window as core or periphery. Overall, our findings provide fundamental insight into how the human cortex’s temporal hierarchy converges with its spatial core-periphery hierarchy.

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Deciphering the Enigma of the Histone H2A.Z-1/H2A.Z-2 Isoforms: Novel Insights and Remaining Questions

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1167

Author(s):

Manjinder S. Cheema ◽

Katrina V. Good ◽

Bohyun Kim ◽

Heddy Soufari ◽

Connor O’Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Chromosome Segregation ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Histone H2a ◽

The Core ◽

Structural Differences ◽

Functional Involvement ◽

Insight Into

The replication independent (RI) histone H2A.Z is one of the more extensively studied variant members of the core histone H2A family, which consists of many replication dependent (RD) members. The protein has been shown to be indispensable for survival, and involved in multiple roles from DNA damage to chromosome segregation, replication, and transcription. However, its functional involvement in gene expression is controversial. Moreover, the variant in several groups of metazoan organisms consists of two main isoforms (H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2) that differ in a few (3–6) amino acids. They comprise the main topic of this review, starting from the events that led to their identification, what is currently known about them, followed by further experimental, structural, and functional insight into their roles. Despite their structural differences, a direct correlation to their functional variability remains enigmatic. As all of this is being elucidated, it appears that a strong functional involvement of isoform variability may be connected to development.

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Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

International Journal of Biodiversity ◽

10.1155/2013/196527 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

James D’Souza ◽

Bernard Felinov Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Spore ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Spore Density ◽

Species Variation ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

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Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb18010 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janet N. Gagul ◽

David Y. P. Tng ◽

Darren M. Crayn

Keyword(s):

Developmental Biology ◽

Adaptive Significance ◽

Evolutionary Significance ◽

Phylogenetic Distribution ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

The Family ◽

Developmental Phases ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Insight Into ◽

Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

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Audio Mining: The Role of Vocal Tone in Persuasion

Journal of Consumer Research ◽

10.1093/jcr/ucab012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin (Shane) Wang ◽

Shijie Lu ◽

X I Li ◽

Mansur Khamitov ◽

Neil Bendle

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Large Scale ◽

Controlled Experiments ◽

The Core ◽

Content Model ◽

Stereotype Content ◽

Key Indicators ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Persuasion success is often related to hard-to-measure characteristics, such as the way the persuader speaks. To examine how vocal tones impact persuasion in an online appeal, this research measures persuaders’ vocal tones in Kickstarter video pitches using novel audio mining technology. Connecting vocal tone dimensions with real-world funding outcomes offers insight into the impact of vocal tones on receivers’ actions. The core hypothesis of this paper is that a successful persuasion attempt is associated with vocal tones denoting (1) focus, (2) low stress, and (3) stable emotions. These three vocal tone dimensions—which are in line with the stereotype content model—matter because they allow receivers to make inferences about a persuader’s competence. The hypotheses are tested with a large-scale empirical study using Kickstarter data, which is then replicated in a different category. In addition, two controlled experiments provide evidence that perceptions of competence mediate the impact of the three vocal tones on persuasion attempt success. The results identify key indicators of persuasion attempt success and suggest a greater role for audio mining in academic consumer research.

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Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Gaining Insight Into the Pathophysiology of It and Finding Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.589726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lihui Chen ◽

Jie Li ◽

Wu Zhu ◽

Yehong Kuang ◽

Tao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Core Microbiome ◽

The Core ◽

The World ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Insight Into ◽

Gaining Insight

Psoriasis affects the health of myriad populations around the world. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, and the exact driving factor remains unclear. This condition arises from the interaction between hyperproliferative keratinocytes and infiltrating immune cells, with poor prognosis and high recurrence. Better clinical treatments remain to be explored. There is much evidence that alterations in the skin and intestinal microbiome play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and restoration of the microbiome is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. Herein, we have reviewed recent studies on the psoriasis-related microbiome in an attempt to confidently identify the “core” microbiome of psoriasis patients, understand the role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and explore new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis through microbial intervention.

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Diversity, host-specificity and stability of sponge-associated fungal communities of co-occurring sponges

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4965 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4965 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mary T.H.D. Nguyen ◽

Torsten Thomas

Keyword(s):

Host Specificity ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Critical Role ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Sponge Species ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Potential Core ◽

Community Profiling ◽

Surrounding Seawater

Fungi play a critical role in a range of ecosystems; however, their interactions and functions in marine hosts, and particular sponges, is poorly understood. Here we assess the fungal community composition of three co-occurring sponges (Cymbastela concentrica, Scopalina sp., Tedania anhelans) and the surrounding seawater over two time points to help elucidate host-specificity, stability and potential core members, which may shed light into the ecological function of fungi in sponges. The results showed that ITS-amplicon-based community profiling likely provides a more realistic assessment of fungal diversity in sponges than cultivation-dependent approaches. The sponges studied here were found to contain phylogenetically diverse fungi (eight fungal classes were observed), including members of the family Togniniaceae and the genus Acrostalagmus, that have so far not been reported to be cultured from sponges. Fungal communities within any given sponge species were found to be highly variable compared to bacterial communities, and influenced in structure by the community of the surrounding seawater, especially considering temporal variation. Nevertheless, the sponge species studied here contained a few “variable/core” fungi that appeared in multiple biological replicates and were enriched in their relative abundance compared to seawater communities. These fungi were the same or highly similar to fungal species detected in sponges around the world, which suggests a prevalence of horizontal transmission where selectivity and enrichment of some fungi occur for those that can survive and/or exploit the sponge environment. Our current sparse knowledge about sponge-associated fungi thus indicate that fungal communities may perhaps not play as an important ecological role in the sponge holobiont compared to bacterial or archaeal symbionts.

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