scholarly journals On assessing excess mortality in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo De Nicola ◽  
Göran Kauermann ◽  
Michael Höhle
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
Very High ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a very high number of casualties in the general population. Assessing the exact magnitude of this number is a non-trivial problem, as relying only on officially reported COVID-19 associated fatalities runs the risk of incurring in several kinds of biases. One of the ways to approach the issue is to compare overall mortality during the pandemic with expected mortality computed using the observed mortality figures of previous years. In this paper, we build on existing methodology and propose two ways to compute expected as well as excess mortality, namely at the weekly and at the yearly level. Particular focus is put on the role of age, which plays a central part in both COVID-19-associated and overall mortality. We illustrate our methods by making use of age-stratified mortality data from the years 2016 to 2020 in Germany to compute age group-specific excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

scholarly journals Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcome of COVID-19 in Adults on Kidney Replacement Therapy: A Regionwide Registry Study

2020 ◽  
pp. ASN.2020060875
Author(s):  
Johan De Meester ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Maarten Naesens ◽  
Bjorn Meijers ◽  
Marie M. Couttenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disproportionally affects frail, elderly patients and those with multiple chronic comorbidities. Whether patients on RRT have an additional risk because of their specific exposure and complex immune dysregulation is controversial.MethodsTo describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a prospective, multicenter, region-wide registry study in adult patients on RRT versus the general population from March 2 to May 25, 2020. This study comprised all patients undergoing RRT in the Flanders region of Belgium, a country that has been severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Results At the end of the epidemic wave, crude and age-standardized cumulative incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 5.3% versus 2.5%, respectively, among 4297 patients on hemodialysis, and 1.4% versus 1.6%, respectively, among 3293 patients with kidney transplants (compared with 0.6% in the general population). Crude and age-standardized cumulative mortality rates were 29.6% versus 19.9%, respectively, among patients on hemodialysis, and 14.0% versus 23.0%, respectively, among patients with transplants (compared with 15.3% in the general population). We found no excess mortality in the hemodialysis population when compared with mean mortality rates during the same 12-week period in 2015–2019 because COVID-19 mortality was balanced by lower than expected mortality among uninfected patients. Only 0.18% of the kidney transplant population died of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsMortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is high in patients on RRT. Nevertheless, the epidemic’s overall effect on the RRT population remained remarkably limited in Flanders. Calculation of excess mortality and age standardization provide a more reliable picture of the mortality burden of COVID-19 among patients on RRT.

Excess mortality monitoring in England and Wales during the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HARDELID ◽  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
R. PEBODY
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
All Cause Mortality

SUMMARYWe present the results from a novel surveillance system for detecting excess all-cause mortality by age group in England and Wales developed during the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 period from April 2009 to March 2010. A Poisson regression model was fitted to age-specific mortality data from 1999 to 2008 and used to predict the expected number of weekly deaths in the absence of extreme health events. The system included adjustment for reporting delays. During the pandemic, excess all-cause mortality was seen in the 5–14 years age group, where mortality was flagged as being in excess for 1 week after the second peak in pandemic influenza activity; and in age groups >45 years during a period of very cold weather. This new system has utility for rapidly estimating excess mortality for other acute public health events such as extreme heat or cold weather.

scholarly journals Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic with the World Mortality Dataset

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Karlinsky ◽  
Dmitry Kobak
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Objective Indicator ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The World ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Mortality

Comparing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic between countries or across time is difficult because the reported numbers of cases and deaths can be strongly affected by testing capacity and reporting policy. Excess mortality, defined as the increase in all-cause mortality relative to the expected mortality, is widely considered as a more objective indicator of the COVID-19 death toll. However, there has been no global, frequently-updated repository of the all-cause mortality data across countries. To fill this gap, we have collected weekly, monthly, or quarterly all-cause mortality data from 94 countries and territories, openly available as the regularly-updated World Mortality Dataset. We used this dataset to compute the excess mortality in each country during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that in several worst-affected countries (Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Mexico) the excess mortality was above 50% of the expected annual mortality. At the same time, in several other countries (Australia, New Zealand) mortality during the pandemic was below the usual level, presumably due to social distancing measures decreasing the non-COVID infectious mortality. Furthermore, we found that while many countries have been reporting the COVID-19 deaths very accurately, some countries have been substantially underreporting their COVID-19 deaths (e.g. Nicaragua, Russia, Uzbekistan), sometimes by two orders of magnitude (Tajikistan). Our results highlight the importance of open and rapid all-cause mortality reporting for pandemic monitoring.

Respiratory effects of low and high doses of fentanyl in control and β-arrestin 2 deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Haouzi ◽  
Marissa McCANN ◽  
Nicole TUBBS
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Breathing Control ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ventilatory Effects ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Very High

We have investigated the potential acute desensitizing role of the beta arrestin 2 (b-arr2) pathway on the ventilatory depression produced by levels of fentanyl ranging from analgesic to life-threatening (0.1 to 60 mg/kg IP) in control and b-arr2 deficient non-sedated mice. Fentanyl at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg IP - corresponding to the doses previously used to study the role of b-arr2 arrestin pathway - decreased ventilation, but along the V̇E/V̇CO2 relationship established in baseline conditions, which was therefore indistinguishable from animals that were immobile. Above 1.5 mg/kg, however, ventilation was depressed out of proportion of the changes in metabolism, suggesting a specific depression of the drive to breathe. The ventilatory responses were similar between the 2 groups. At high doses of fentanyl (60 mg/kg IP) one out of 20 control mice died by apnea versus 8 out of 20 b-arr2 deficient mice (P=0.008). In the surviving mice, ventilation was however identical in both groups. The ventilatory effects of fentanyl in b-arr2 deficient mice reported in the literature are primarily mediated by the "indirect" effects of sedation/hypometabolism on breathing control. There was an excess mortality at very high doses of fentanyl in the b-arr2 deficient mice, which mechanisms are still open to question, since the capacity of maintaining a rhythmic, although profoundly depressed, breathing activity remains similar in all of the surviving control and b-arr2 deficient mice.

scholarly journals High excess mortality in areas with young and socially vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm Region, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e003595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽  
Davide L Vetrano ◽  
Debora Rizzuto ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
Old Men

IntroductionWe aimed to describe the distribution of excess mortality (EM) during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, according to age, sex and sociodemographic context.MethodsWeekly all-cause mortality data were obtained from Statistics Sweden for the period 1 January 2015 to 17 May 2020. EM during the first 20 weeks of 2020 was estimated by comparing observed mortality rates with expected mortality rates during the five previous years (N=2 379 792). EM variation by socioeconomic status (tertiles of income, education, Swedish-born, gainful employment) and age distribution (share of 70+-year-old persons) was explored based on Demographic Statistics Area (DeSO) data.ResultsEM was first detected during the week of 23–29 March 2020. During the peak week of the epidemic (6–12 April 2020), an EM of 150% was observed (152% in 80+-year-old women; 183% in 80+-year-old men). During the same week, the highest EM was observed for DeSOs with lowest income (171%), lowest education (162%), lowest share of Swedish-born (178%) and lowest share of gainfully employed residents (174%). EM was further increased in areas with higher versus lower proportion of younger people (magnitude of increase: 1.2–1.7 times depending on socioeconomic measure).ConclusionLiving in areas characterised by lower socioeconomic status and younger populations was linked to excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Stockholm Region. These conditions might have facilitated viral spread. Our findings highlight the well-documented vulnerability linked to increasing age and sociodemographic context for COVID-19–related death.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strategies to Fight COVID-19: The French Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2942
Author(s):  
Audrey Giraud-Gatineau ◽  
Philippe Gautret ◽  
Philippe Colson ◽  
Hervé Chaudet ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

(1) Background: We collected COVID-19 mortality data and the age distribution of the deceased in France and other European countries, as well as specifically in the cities of Paris and Marseille, and compared them. (2) Methods: Data on mortality related to COVID-19 and the associated age distribution were collected from government institutions in various European countries. In France, data were obtained from INSEE and Santé Publique France. All-cause mortality was also examined in order to study potential excess mortality using EuroMOMO. The Marseille data came from the epidemiological surveillance system. (3) Results: France is one of the European countries most impacted by COVID-19. Its proportion of deaths in people under 60 years of age is higher (6.5%) than that of Italy (4.6%) or Spain (4.7%). Excess mortality (5% more deaths) was also observed. Ile-de-France and the Grand-Est are the two French regions with the highest mortality. The proportion of deaths in the under-60 age group was considerable in Ile-de-France (9.9% vs. 4.5% in the Southern region). There are significantly higher numbers of patients hospitalized, in intensive care and deceased in Paris than in Marseille. (4) Conclusions: No patient management, i.e., from screening to diagnosis, including biological assessment and clinical examination, likely explains the high mortality associated with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Trends in winter excess mortality in Mexico 1991 - 2008

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar González-Santiago ◽  
Evangelina Ramirez-Lara ◽  
Sandra L. Gracia-Vásquez ◽  
Isaias Balderas-Rentería
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old People ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Low Levels

Objective: Analyze the mortality by all causes in México during the Winter season. Methods: We extracted and tabulated data on monthly all-cause mortality in the general population from 1991 to 2008 from database INEGI. Coefficients of seasonal variation in mortality were calculated. Results: An increase of 15 % in mortality for general population during Winter was observed during the studied period. The more susceptible age groups were old people and children with an increase of winter deaths of 19 % and 11 % respectively. Months with low levels of mortality were April, October and September for children, adolescents and old people respectively. Conclusions: In Mexico winter months shown the highest levels of mortality. The increase in mortality is similar to some Mediterranean countries. More susceptible age groups correspond to child and old people. Months with low levels of mortality are different for each age group. In México it is necessary identify the main factors that contribute to low mortality among different months according age groups.

scholarly journals Trends in winter excess mortality in Mexico 1991 - 2008

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar González-Santiago ◽  
Evangelina Ramirez-Lara ◽  
Sandra L. Gracia-Vásquez ◽  
Isaias Balderas-Rentería
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old People ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Low Levels

Objective: Analyze the mortality by all causes in México during the Winter season. Methods: We extracted and tabulated data on monthly all-cause mortality in the general population from 1991 to 2008 from database INEGI. Coefficients of seasonal variation in mortality were calculated. Results: An increase of 15 % in mortality for general population during Winter was observed during the studied period. The more susceptible age groups were old people and children with an increase of winter deaths of 19 % and 11 % respectively. Months with low levels of mortality were April, October and September for children, adolescents and old people respectively. Conclusions: In Mexico winter months shown the highest levels of mortality. The increase in mortality is similar to some Mediterranean countries. More susceptible age groups correspond to child and old people. Months with low levels of mortality are different for each age group. In México it is necessary identify the main factors that contribute to low mortality among different months according age groups.

دور التعليم المهني في تلبية احتياجات سوق العمل الفلسطيني في محافظات غزة- دراسة تطبيقية علي كلية فلسطين التقنية-دير البلح

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-322
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Palestinian Society ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Very High

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى دور التعليم المهني في تلبية احتياجات سوق العمل الفلسطيني في محافظات غزة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه التحليلي، باستخدام استبانة طبقت على طلبة برامج التعليم المهني، والبالغ عددهم (115) طالباً وطالبة، وقد أسفرت الدراسة عن مجموعة من النتائج، أهمها أن درجة تقدير دور التعليم المهني في تلبية احتياجات سوق العمل الفلسطيني في محافظات غزة جاءت بدرجة كبيرة وبوزن نسبي (76.40%)، عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسطات دور التعليم المهني في تلبية احتياجات سوق العمل الفلسطيني في محافظات غزة تعزى لمتغير الجنس، في حين أسفرت عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسطات دور التعليم المهني في تلبية احتياجات سوق العمل الفلسطيني في محافظات غزة تعزى لمتغير العمر وتبين أن الفروق لصالح الذين أعمارهم 20 فأكثر، وفي ضوء هذه النتائج اقترح الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: وضع اتجاهات واضحة لتعريف طلبة كليات التعليم المهني بمعرفة التخصصات الملائمة لسوق العمل، أهمية استحداث برامج تعليم مهني تتطابق مع سوق العمل الفلسطيني وفق أنظمة محددة تتخذها كليات التعليم المهني للخروج بنتائج وتوصيات تفيد المجتمع والاقتصاد الفلسطيني. الكلمات المفتاحية: التعليم المهني – احتياجات سوق العمل – محافظات غزة. Abstract The study aims to identify the role of vocational education in meeting the needs of the Palestinian labor market in Gaza governorates. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method. He designed a questionnaire for this purpose and applied it to the 115 male and female students of the vocational colleges. The results of the study showed that the degree of appreciating the role of vocational education in meeting the needs of the Palestinian labor market in the Gaza governorates was very high with a relative weight of (76.40%).The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) in the respondents’ means regarding the role of vocational education in meeting the needs of the Palestinian labor market in the Gaza governorates due to sex. However, statistically significant differences merged in the respondents’ means due to age in favor of the age group of 20 and over. In light of the previous results, the researcher suggested a number of recommendations as follows: Setting clear directions to identify students of faculties of vocational education with specializations appropriate to the labor market, the importance of developing vocational education programs that correspond to the Palestinian labor market according to specific regulations adopted by faculties of vocational education to produce results and recommendations that benefit the Palestinian society and economy. Keywords: Vocational Education – Labor Market Needs – Gaza Governorates.

scholarly journals Early estimates of the excess mortality associated with the 2008-9 influenza season in Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Nogueira ◽  
B Nunes ◽  
A Machado ◽  
E Rodrigues ◽  
V Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excess Deaths

The aim of this study was to estimate the excess mortality associated with the influenza activity registered in Portugal between week 49 of 2008 and week 5 of 2009. For this purpose available mortality data from the Portuguese Daily Mortality Monitoring (VDM) System were used. Several estimates of excess deaths associated with the recent recorded influenza activity were determined through statistical modelling (cyclic regression) for the total population and disaggregated by gender and age group. The results show that the impact of the 2008-9 influenza season was 1,961 excess deaths, with approximately 82% of these occurring in the age group of 75 years and older.

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