Optimization of Inexpensive Agricultural By-Products as Raw Materials for Bacitracin Production in Bacillus licheniformis DW2

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

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Anti-Fatigue Effect of a Dietary Supplement from the Fermented By-Products of Taiwan Tilapia Aquatic Waste and Monostroma nitidum Oligosaccharide Complex

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1688

Author(s):

Ying-Ju Chen ◽

Chun-Yen Kuo ◽

Zwe-Ling Kong ◽

Chin-Ying Lai ◽

Guan-Wen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Physical Training ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Fatigue Effect ◽

Monostroma Nitidum ◽

By Products

The Taiwan Tilapia is an important aquaculture product in Taiwan. The aquatic by-products generated during Tilapia processing, such as fish bones and skin, are rich in minerals and protein. We aimed to explore the effect of a dietary supplement, comprising a mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides as the raw materials, combined with physical training on exercise performance and fatigue. We used a mouse model that displays a phenotype of accelerated aging. Male senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into two control groups—with or without physical training—and supplemented with different doses (0.5 times: 412 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day; 1 time: 824 mg/kg BW/day; 2 times: 1648 mg/kg BW/day) of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharide-containing mixture and combined with exercise training groups. Exercise performance was determined by testing forelimb grip strength and with a weight-bearing exhaustive swimming test. Animals were sacrificed to collect physical fatigue-related biomarkers. Mice dosed at 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day showed improvement in their exercise performance (p < 0.05). In terms of biochemical fatigue indicators, supplementation of 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day doses of test substances could effectively reduce blood urea nitrogen concentration and lactate concentration and increase the lactate ratio (p < 0.05) and liver glycogen content post-exercise (p < 0.05). Based on the above results, the combination of physical training and consumption of a dietary supplementation mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides could improve the exercise performance of mice and help achieve an anti-fatigue effect.

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Utilization of Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 410 ◽

pp. 699-703

Author(s):

Valeriya È. Shvarczkopf ◽

Irina A. Pavlova ◽

Elena P. Farafontova

Keyword(s):

Glassy Phase ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Mixture Preparation ◽

Cleaning Equipment ◽

Oil Paints ◽

Roofing Materials ◽

Sodium Feldspar ◽

By Products ◽

Porcelain Tile

The research focuses on the properties of by-products formed in the production of porcelain stoneware: polishing residue and residue of the mixture-preparation shop. The polishing residue consists of glassy phase (80%), quartz (14%), mullite (5%). Residue of the mixture-preparation shop consists of quartz (~ 18%), muscovite (~ 6.9%), kaolinite (~ 20.5%), calcium-sodium feldspar (~ 51.4%), diopside (~ 2.98%). Polishing residue occurs when polishing porcelain stoneware to create a glossy surface and when polishing the side faces of porcelain stoneware to obtain accurate tile geometry. The particle size of the polishing residue is less than 0.2 mm, and the residue of the mixture-preparation shop is less than 40 microns. Residue of the mixture-preparation shop is formed when cleaning equipment: mills, mixers, slipways, etc. The ways of utilization of by-product are follows: as a filler for the silicate production; for polymer-cement, water-dispersion and oil paints; as a filler for the production of roofing materials, bituminous roofing mastics based on organic binders; raw materials for the production of foam glass materials and products.

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Natural Polymers for Biodegradable Dressings to Save the Environment

International Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine ◽

10.33140/ijnn.06.02.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Current System ◽

Future Generations ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

By Products ◽

Global Water

The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources to produce clothes, being responsible for 10% of the global greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere every year and 20%of the global water wasted. At the same time people are buying 60%more clothing than 15 Years ago, which going in the landfills, causes 92 million tons of waste each year. This waste has been further increased by the surgical masks used for COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new way of designing and producing clothing needs to be incorporated into the current system to facilitate its recycling making it more circular. New tissues, therefore, are proposed made by natural polysaccharides, embedded by micro- Nano capsules of chitin Nano fibrils and Nano lignin all obtained as by- products from food and forestry waste respectively. Thus, pollution and waste will be reduced and the natural raw materials will be maintained for the future generations.

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Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1392 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P.K. Dang ◽

N.T.P. Giang ◽

T.T. Nguyen ◽

S. Chu-Ky ◽

N.C. Oanh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Control Diet ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Meat Yield ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

National University ◽

By Products

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.

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Towards By-Product Utilisation of Pea Hulls: Isolation and Quantification of Galacturonic Acid

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods7120203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Friederike Gutöhrlein ◽

Stephan Drusch ◽

Sebastian Schalow

Keyword(s):

Galacturonic Acid ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Raw Material ◽

Trifluoracetic Acid ◽

Complete Digestion ◽

Digestion Methods ◽

Fibre Matrix ◽

By Products

In order to evaluate by-products from food processing as alternative raw materials for pectin extraction, their amount of galacturonic acid (GalA) has to be analysed as a marker for pectin content. In the present study, significant differences in GalA release using different digestion methods are shown for pea hulls, as an example of by-products with a high content of cellulose. Complete digestion of the fibre matrix was assumed for Saeman hydrolysis as a reference protocol. Significantly lower GalA release was achieved by a treatment with trifluoracetic acid (TFA). An alternative treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 11 followed by an enzymatic digestion at pH 4.5 using a combination of polygalacturonase (Vegazyme M) and cellulase (Celluclast 1.5L) resulted in a similar release of GalA compared to Seaman hydolysis. Pea hull samples, analysed by this alternative protocol, showed on average a GalA content of 11.2%. Therefore, pea hulls may serve as new raw material for pectin extraction.

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Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Skin By-Products of Seabream, Seabass and Rainbow Trout Reared in Aquaculture

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12104

Author(s):

Jesus Valcarcel ◽

Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽

Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽

Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽

José Antonio Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Current Trends ◽

First Case ◽

Imino Acids ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

A Minor ◽

By Products

The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.

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Study of lysate activity to modificate collagene raw materials to use in sausage mixture

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-256-263 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrey Danilov ◽

Bayana Bazhenova ◽

Michail Danilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Enzyme Solution ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Effective Use ◽

By Products

In the current conditions of import substitution, the effective use of secondary raw materials in the meat industry is a relevant issue. A significant source of animal proteins is by-products, the yield of which is about 10% of livestock weight. Some by-products, including beef rumen, contain collagen-containing tissues which require modification for tenderization and deodorization. In order to modify rumen tissues, the biotechnological method of treatment with an enzyme solution, lysate, obtained from a whole bovine abomasum was preferred to the known method where enzyme solution is prepared from an abomasal mucosa. The purpose of this project was to study the activity of lysate from a whole bovine abomasum for the modification of rumen tissue to use it in cooked sausage formulations. We have suggested the method of obtaining enzyme solution based on infusing the minced abomasum in a reaction mixture – water, chlorohydric acid, and sodium tripolyphosphate – followed by filtering. The dependence of proteolytic and collagenase activities of the solution obtained from phosphate dose introduced have been studied; it have been revealed that 1.5% of tripolyphosphate is the optimal dose for efficient extraction of enzymes from the whole abomasum. Besides, an effect of the enzyme solution on functional and technological properties of a heat-treated rumen has been studied, and the improvement of hydro- and lipophilic characteristics has been revealed. Paste with modified rumen has been developed and found that the maximum possible dose of rumen for use in cooked sausage from horsemeat is 15%. The color on the cut of sausage developed was identical to that of beef sausage. Thus, paste made on the basis of modified rumen contributes to the formation of functional and technological properties, the stabilization of the color characteristics of the final product, as well as the effective use of basic meat raw materials and the expansion of the range of economy class high-protein sausage production.

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CONCOMITANT EXTRACTION PROCESS OF NIOBIUM AT THE TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE PRODUCTION

10.46813/2020-125-173 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 173-177

Author(s):

Т.К. Sarsembekov ◽

Т.B. Yanko ◽

S.A. Sidorenko ◽

M.M. Pylypenko

Keyword(s):

Phase Transformations ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Titanium Tetrachloride ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Extraction Process ◽

By Products ◽

Titanium Raw Materials

Development of the fundamentals of a technology for producing niobium by the concomitant extraction in the process of production of titanium tetrachloride from titanium raw materials. The paper provides data on the amount of niobium contained in the feedstock to produce titanium tetrachloride, the distribution of niobium during processing by products and waste. The forms of phase transformations and transitions of niobium during processing are considered. Schemes for processing niobium-containing chloride materials and technologies for their further application for producing alloys for nuclear power are proposed.

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DESIGNING BALANCED FEEDS FOR INDUSTRIAL AQUACULTURE USING PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES OF FISH BY-PASS RAW MATERIALS

Fisheries ◽

10.37663/0131-6184-2021-4-81-88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (4) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Olga Mezenova ◽

Dmitriy Pyanov ◽

Svetlana Agafonova ◽

Natalia Mezenova ◽

V. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Amino Acid Balance ◽

Limiting Amino Acids ◽

By Products

The perspective of the production of domestic compound feed for the development of industrial aquaculture in Russia is shown. Alternative sources of protein in mixed fodder for salmon and sturgeon have been investigated. The advantages of using protein hydrolysates instead of a part of fishmeal in compound feed are described. The advantages of protein hydrolysates from fish by-products are considered, the chemical composition and molecular fractional composition of sublimated protein hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic and thermal pathways from sardinella scales and ridges are studied. The presence in hydrolysates of 53.3 - 97.7% of low molecular weight peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa with a total protein content of 80.8-94.1% was established. Indicators of amino acid balance (scor) of hydrolyzates of scales and ridges of sardinella were calculated in relation to the established requirements for amino acids in salmonids. Indicators of amino acid balance (scor) of hydrolyzates of scales and ridges of sardinella were calculated in relation to the established requirements for amino acids in salmonids.It was found that the introduction of an enzymatically obtained hydrolyzate is more favorable for an increase in the content of limiting amino acids in mixed feed, and the use of sardinella scales for hydrolysis is more preferable than its ridges.

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