Animal Creativity as a Function of Behavioral Innovation and Behavior Flexibility in Problem-solving Situations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Santana ◽  
Miriam Garcia-Mijares
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Watching television in a home environment: effect on children’s attention, comprehension and behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Rose ◽  
Alexandra Lamont ◽  
Nicholas Reyland
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Correlational studies have suggested some harmful effects of television (TV) viewing in early childhood, especially for the viewing of fast-paced entertainment programs. However, this has not been consistently supported by experimental studies, many of which have lacked ecological validity. The current study explores the effects of pace of program on the attention, problem solving and comprehension of 41 3- and 4-year-olds using an ecologically valid experimental design. Children were visited twice at home; on each visit they were shown an episode of a popular animated entertainment program which differed in pace: one faster paced, one slower paced. Children’s behavior was coded for attention and arousal during viewing, attention, effort and performance after viewing during a problem-solving task, and comprehension of the program. The faster paced program was attended to more, but this had no impact on comprehension. Although 3-year-olds showed more attention and effort on the problem-solving task after watching the slower program, both 3- and 4-year-olds completed more problems successfully after watching the faster program. The results provide evidence to counter the ‘harm’ perceived in young children watching fast-paced entertainment programs as where differences were found it was the fast-paced program which appeared to have a cognitive facilitation effect.

scholarly journals Neuro-inspired Framework for Cognitive Manufacturing Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Dumitrache ◽  
Simona Iuliana Caramihai ◽  
Dragos Constantin Popescu ◽  
Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu ◽  
Ioan Stefan Sacala
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Software Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
High Degree

There are currently certain categories of manufacturing enterprises whose structure, organization and operating context have an extremely high degree of complexity, especially due to the way in which their various components interact and influence each other. For them, a series of paradigms have been developed, including intelligent manufacturing, smart manufacturing, cognitive manufacturing; which are based equally on information and knowledge management, management and interpretation of data flows and problem solving approaches. This work presents a new vision regarding the evolution of the future enterprise based on concepts and attributes acquired from the field of biology. Our approach addresses in a systemic manner the structural, functional, and behavioral aspects of the enterprise, seen as a complex dynamic system. In this article we are proposing an architecture and management methodology based on the human brain, where the problem solving is achieved by Perception – Memory – Learning and Behavior Generation mechanisms. In order to support the design of such an architecture and to allow a faster learning process, a software modeling and simulation platform was developed and is briefly presented.

Playful Engagement for Public Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (ISS) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Koichi Araake ◽  
Michinari Kono ◽  
Eiji Iwata ◽  
Norio Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Bodily Movements

Designing embodied playfulness has been explored as a method for problem-solving. However, when thinking about deploying such an approach in public space activities, we often face many limitations regarding safety and ambiance, especially for bodily movements and behavior. To explore and address the challenges of deploying playfulness with restrained bodily movements in public spaces, we present a case study of an escalator augmented with auditory and visual feedback. An escalator in a public shopping mall has many limitations that require careful consideration in the design to maintain safety and avoid mistakes. We describe the challenges of our design strategy in order to complete the installation of a public escalator over five days. The results show that our approach significantly encouraged people to use the escalator, and also improved their manner of using it. Our work presents a successful method of treating the balance of social limitations and enjoyment that can affect human behavior in positive ways.

scholarly journals Associations Between Mode of Birth and Neuropsychological Development in Children Aged 4 Years: Results from a Birth Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Takács ◽  
Samuel P. Putnam ◽  
Catherine Monk ◽  
Hannah G. Dahlen ◽  
Charlene Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Neuropsychological Development ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine the association between Cesarean section (CS) and child development and behavior. The sample consisted of 256 children who were born at term without serious perinatal pathologies. Their development and behavior was assessed at the age of four using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CS and child outcomes. CS was associated with better scores in the Problem Solving domain of the ASQ in the whole sample. After stratifying by child sex, the positive association between CS and the Problem Solving domain was significant in boys, while no association was found in girls. Girls were rated less optimally in the Gross Motor domain of the ASQ when born via CS. Mode of birth was not associated with behavioral outcomes.

FAMILY FUNCTION LEVELS OF TURKISH FATHERS WITH CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 0 – 6

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seher Balci Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Affective Involvement

Family function levels of fathers with children aged 0–6 in Samsun, Turkey were compared on the basis of length of marriage, level of education, family structure, and type of marriage. The sample consisted of 171 fathers aged between 24–36 (average age 29.2). The Family Assessment Device (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983) was used to measure family function levels of fathers and t-test and one way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. There was a significant difference in family function levels of the fathers, according to length of their marriage, in the subdimensions of problem solving, communication, affective involvement, behavior control and general functionings, according to their level of education. In all the subdimensions of affective involvement and behavior control, according to the family structures of fathers, significant differences were found between groups and total general points; according to fathers' types of marriage, a significant difference was found between the groups regarding problem solving, communication, affective involvement, behavior control and general total points.

scholarly journals Social Problem-Solving and Mild Intellectual Disabilities: Relations With Externalizing Behavior and Therapeutic Context

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroesjka van Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
Bram Orobio de Castro ◽  
Lex Wijnroks ◽  
Adri Vermeer ◽  
Walter Matthys
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Therapeutic Context ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Relations among externalizing behavior, therapeutic context (community care vs. residential care), and social problem-solving by children with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intelligence were examined. Participants were 186 children (12 to 14 years of age) who responded to a video-based social problem-solving task. Of these, 130 received residential care and the majority suffered from severe externalizing behavior problems. The results indicated that externalizing behavior was related to encoding, generation of aggressive responses, and negative evaluation of assertive responses. Therapeutic context was related to encoding, positive evaluation of assertive responses, and negative evaluation of aggressive responses. Results indicate a discrepancy between appropriate problem-solving skills and behavior in daily life. Implications for interventions are discussed.

Teacher Assistance Teams: A Model for Within-Building Problem Solving

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Chalfant ◽  
Margaret VanDusen Pysh ◽  
Robert Moultrie
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
System Model ◽  
Regular Classroom ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Prerequisite Skills ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Teacher Assistance ◽  
Team Concept

Although regular classroom teachers can meet the needs of many mainstreamed children within the regular classroom setting, situations arise when teachers need assistance. In such cases, the classroom teacher often has no place to turn for help. Rather than addressing this problem in the traditional inservice format, the present study proposes a teacher support system model for classroom teachers. Based on a survey of perceived prerequisite skills and competencies for dealing effectively with learning and behavior disorders in the classroom, the Teacher Assistance Team concept was developed to provide a day-to-day peer problem-solving group for teachers within a particular building. The goal of the team is to obtain more efficient and effective delivery of special help to children by placing the initiative for action in the hands of classroom teachers.

scholarly journals Adapting Intervention Approaches to New Contexts: Three Case Studies of International Adaptation of the Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari L Wade ◽  
Kelly Jones ◽  
claudia corti ◽  
Anna Adlam ◽  
Jennifer Limond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose/Objective: To describe the process of adapting the evidence-based Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) program, a telehealth problem-solving treatment addressing executive function and behavior regulation challenges in adolescents with traumatic brain injury, in Italy, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Research Method/Design: We describe the process of adapting and translating the TOPS program in three case studies with unique methods and samples. In Italy, 14 parents of adolescents with TBI participated in focus groups and two adolescents with TBI and their parents and two physicians provided input on the resulting translation. In New Zealand, an independent Māori cultural advisor reviewed the content, and six adolescent-parent dyads and two health professionals completed the 10 modules independently over a five-week period to inform adaptation. In the United Kingdom, a team of neuropsychologists and a parent of an adolescent with ABI reviewed and adapted the content through successive iterations. Results: In Italy, suggested changes included greater emphasis on nonverbal communication and clearer examples of inappropriate problem-solving responses. In New Zealand, parents and adolescents rated the program as acceptable and helpful. Suggestions included incorporating familiar Māori settings, integrating religion, and developing videos with New Zealand adolescents. In the United Kingdom, iterative refinements focused on adapting TOPS for other acquired brain injuries and reflecting cross-national differences (e.g., drinking age). Conclusions/Implications: These three case studies suggest that programs such as TOPS developed in one cultural context can be broadly acceptable in other contexts, with adaptations focusing on tailoring to reflect the unique cultural and linguistic setting.

scholarly journals PEMBELAJARAN PECAHAN BERBASIS PEMECAHAN MASALAH UNTUK MELATIH BERPIKIR KREATIF PADA SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Ayu Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Gain Score ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
School Year ◽  
Minimum Score ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
D Model

ABSTRACTThis research aims to develop a math learning tool to train grade fourth students to creative thinking. This development research uses 4-D model that is definition, design, and development, while stage of distribution is not executed. Data collection technique uses observation, test, and questionnaire. Subject in this research is grade fourth students of SDI Raden Patah Surabaya school year 2015/2016. Result of validation indicates that the learning tool overall obtains minimum score of 3 with valid category and can be used with a few revision. Teachers’ ability in conducting learning fulfills minimum score of 3 with good performed category. Activity of students overall is in accordance with a determined ideal time and behavior of doing/finishing problem solving is the most dominant behavior. N-Gain Score: 72% of the students is in high category, 28% of the students is in medium category, and none of the students who obtains N-Gain Score in low category. Data of students respond indicates that the majority of the students (79.52%) enjoy learning of problem solving based fraction. Based on the result of the research, as a main base, it can be concluded that the developed learning tool can be stated as a valid, practice, and effective learning tool. Implication of the research that can be drawn is that learning of problem solving based fraction can train the students to creative thinking. The learning tool of problem solving based fraction can be alternative to train the grade fourth students of SDI Raden Patah Surabaya to creative thinking on the topic of fraction. Keywords: Problem Solving, Creative Thinking. ABSTRAK                                                                                          Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran Matematika untuk melatih berpikir kreatif siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model 4-D yaitu pendefinisian, perancangan, dan pengembangan, sedangkan pada tahap penyebaran tidak dilakukan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan angket. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDI Raden Patah Surabaya Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Hasil dari validasi menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran secara keseluruhan memperoleh skor minimal 3 dengan kategori valid dan dapat digunakan dengan sedikit revisi. Kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran memenuhi skor minimal 3 dengan kategori terlaksana dengan baik. Aktivitas siswa secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan kriteria waktu ideal yang ditentukan dan perilaku mengerjakan/menyelesaikan pemecahan masalah adalah perilaku yang paling dominan. N-Gain Score 72% siswa pada kategori tinggi, 28% siswa pada kategori sedang, dan tidak ada siswa yang mendapat N-Gain Score pada kategori rendah. Data respon siswa menunjukkan mayoritas siswa (79,52%) senang terhadap pembelajaran pecahan berbasis pemecahan masalah.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebagai dasar utama dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat dinyatakan sebagai perangkat pemebalajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Implikasi penelitian yang dapat ditarik adalah pembelajaran pecahan berbasis pemecahan masalah dapat melatih keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa. Perangkat pembelajaran pecahan berbasis pemecahan masalah dapat menjadi alternatif untuk melatih berpikir kreatif siswa kelas IV SD pada topik pecahan. Kata Kunci: Pemecahan Masalah, Berpikir Kreatif.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP PERILAKU KERJA KARYAWAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Vinona Vamalya Rahayu ◽  
Harmon Chaniago
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Method

Manage the human resources that are owned by the company. Quality leadership is often regarded as one of the important factors in the success or failure of the enterprise. Leadership style is often done at the company leader is transformational leadership style. Leaders with transformational leadership giving effect to the subordinates to include her participation in goal setting, problem-solving, decision making, and provide feedback. Leadership style leader can influence the behavior of its employee's work. This study aims to determine how the transformational leadership style, employee behavior and the effect of transformational leadership style on the behavior of employees at Suzuki Dealer Restu Mahkota Karya Cibadak. The method used in this research is a descriptive method, while the data collection techniques are to do interviews and distributing questionnaires to 102 respondents who were determined by non-probability sampling. Based on the research that has been done, regression equation Y = 0.874 + 0,807X. The study states that the transformational leadership style and behavior of existing employees at the Suzuki Dealer Cibadak Restu Mahkota Karya has a positive correlation of 0.807 and transformational leadership style influence the behavior of the employee as much as 65%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document