scholarly journals Revealing Relevant Proximities. Knowledge Networks in the Maritime Economy in a Spatial, Functional and Relational Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bentlage ◽  
Anne Wiese ◽  
Arno Brandt ◽  
Alain Thierstein ◽  
Frank Witlox
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract The maritime economy as a heterogeneous innovation system has ongoing relevance to the successful spatial and functional development of regions in Europe. A strong technological knowledge base underpins the competitiveness of the maritime economy, which is grounded in distinct spatial structures and proximities. The simultaneous relevance of global and local knowledge is particularly pronounced in the maritime economy through its inherent relevance to globalization and structural change. Conventional classifications of the maritime economy embedded in the discussion of the spatialization of knowledge-intensive activities and global value chains, however, limit the analysis to certain parts of the maritime cluster. This paper examines the applicability of various discourses on interactive knowledge generation and application as a process, based on a comprehensive dataset derived from cooperative links within the maritime economy of northern Germany. It suggests a framework for analysis that is activity based and focuses on the concurrent presence of different dimensions of proximity across value-creating systems. We explore spatial patterns by means of social network analysis. These patterns are industry-specific and have the potential to inform efforts to increase functional as well as physical connectivity in regions. The empirical analysis begins with the individual firm as an actor seeking to optimize its location for the purpose of competitiveness. It proposes an approach that is rooted in the ongoing discussion on spatial and functional dispositions for innovation activity and that bridges the dichotomy of knowledge-intensive services and manufacturing activities in the maritime economy.

Knowledge, Innovation, and Profitability

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-159
Author(s):  
Monica Longo-Somoza
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This chapter studies the identification of the profile of knowledge-intensive firms, analyzing if their innovation activity is a characteristic related with their profitability and employing as framework the ‘Resource-based view of the firm (RBV)'. Using a sample of 202 Spanish biotechnology companies, drawn from SABI database, the author has identified these firms' available data until 31st December, 2013. It has been used the cluster analysis methodology rarely employed in the preceding literature to characterise the firms of the sample. The empirical analysis results clarify the profile of the analysed firms, helping stakeholders and policy-makers to understand the dynamics of these kinds of firms and making strategic decisions accordingly over their characteristics. This would help them to grow in an orderly way and, thus, promote socio-economic changes to improve competitiveness and economic growth.

scholarly journals Modern trends in management and the organization of innovative infrastructure at the microlevel

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Коломин ◽  
Roman Kolomin ◽  
Лапшин ◽  
Vyacheslav Lapshin
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
State Support ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Increasing importance of innovative development has resulted in the need for more in-depth study of its nature, content and forms of interaction between the participants of this process, find ways to improve its effectiveness. It becomes obvious that the formation of the country on the path of high-quality development is impossible without a systematic and well-calibrated state support of innovation activity of enterprises. With the development of the domestic economy enterprise is faced with a vast array of problems to solve on their own that it can not. That is why you need a balanced and effective innovation infrastructure aimed at supporting, encouraging and developing entrepreneurship. Innovative firms are actively conducting research and development, making a significant contribution to the process of innovation, technological renewal of production. Orientation government policy to improve the status of science and education, encouraging companies involved in knowledge-intensive production, export promotion of high-tech products, will create the foundations of a fundamentally new model of economic growth for Russia. Enhancing the development dimension of innovation activity of enterprises in the short to medium term posluzhitbazisom for laying the foundation of an efficient economy. The article analyzed the micro-level innovation system, the basic ways of organizing innovation activities of enterprises, analyzed the organizational structure of the organizations associated with the development and implementation of innovations, the main problems faced by the enterprises of this sector, due to the need for state support of innovative activity at the micro level, by creating market-oriented innovation infrastructure, determined the nature, objectives and components of the innovation infrastructure, considered aspects needed to build an effective infrastructure.

Entwicklungspotenziale und Netzwerkbeziehungen maritimer Cluster in Deutschland

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Brandt ◽  
Marie Christin Dickow ◽  
Claudia Drangmeister
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Individual

Development potentials and networks of maritme clusters in Germany. The maritime economy in Germany is concentrated in the coastal regions and can be described as a cluster alliance with five integrated sub-clusters. The network analysis reveals an interconnection of the individual regions and segments with in part positive feedback effects. The maritime industry should therefore be strategically viewed as a whole. A maritime cooperation among the North German federal states is also a natural and obvious option. In the future the economic crisis could reinforce the transformation of the maritime economy into more knowledge-intensive areas.

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY BASED ON PROMISING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
E. S. Podbornova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Improving the efficiency of the automotive industry largely depends on the innovation activity of the region and the country as a whole. This implies the need to form a high-quality national innovation system. It should include large-scale R&D, fundamental and applied industry research with substantial finan-cial investments in the development and implementation of innovative technologies, and all activities in this area should be based on a competent innovation policy. Due to the current political instability, potential sanc-tions measures by the United States and the West, the unstable economic situation of business, due to re-strictions due to COVID-19 (lack of demand, large losses, insufficient resource base), such a system cannot be created only by the efforts of market structures. Thus, state participation in regulating the development and support of knowledge-intensive enterprises is relevant today.

RESEARCH ON INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: TRENDS AND PROBLEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-73
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Ivanovich Bogdanenko
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Innovation Processes

In the monograph the theoretical identification of concepts and categorical series of state regulation of investment-innovation processes are investigated; the directions of optimization of the state policy of innovation and investment development management in Ukraine are determined; the organizational and legal principles of the state regulation of development of intellectual potential of the population are substantiated; the areas of development and improvement of the national innovation system as an object of state policy are highlighted and assessed. The monograph will be interesting for scholars, lecturers, doctoral and graduate students, and will also be useful to practical politicians, journalists and media workers and a wide range of readers interested in investment and innovation activities.

scholarly journals Of Visions and Visionaries: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Barbara Schulte ◽  
Marina Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
State Governance ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Individual

This special issue approaches information and communication technologies (ICT) visions and their realisation/implementation at various levels, among different actors and from various perspectives. Conceptually, we distinguish three different dimensions, even though those overlap in the individual contributions as well as in empirical reality – namely ideational, instrumental, and relational. The different contributions address both visions formulated by the Chinese state and by individual actors such as entrepreneurs. Even though the conditions for the use of ICT in China are deeply affected by state governance, this governance is in no way tantamount to one single government. As this issue’s contributions show, state attempts at building a stable cyber-governance are in need of allies and, depending on the allies’ visions and other, competitive visions, the outcomes of these dynamics are seldom truthful realisations of one original grand masterplan.

ALTERNATIVE ROUTES TO INNOVATION — THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL AND STRUCTURAL FIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050006
Author(s):  
DAG INGVAR JACOBSEN ◽  
TORE HILLESTAD ◽  
BIRGITTE YTTRI ◽  
JARLE HILDRUM
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Configurational Approach ◽  
Culture Strength ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Collective Phenomenon ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Innovative Culture ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

A configurational approach to organizations assumes that structural and cultural characteristics must be in “fit” to produce the wanted outcome. With a focus on innovation, this study examines empirically to what extent innovative activities with a large, global telecom company are produced by an innovative culture, an innovative structure, as well as the fit between the two. Based on an extensive survey (N = 21064, response rate = 65) of employees in seven countries in Europe and Asia, data was aggregated to unit level as culture by nature is a collective phenomenon. The empirical analysis detected both the individual effects of culture strength and homogeneity, structure, as well as the fit between the two. The results indicate that an innovative culture and an organic structure indeed fosters innovation, but that, somewhat surprisingly, there are not effects of the fit between the two. Both practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

The Measurement of Toothbrush Wear

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1781-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Rawls ◽  
N.J. Mkwayi-Tulloch ◽  
R. Casella ◽  
R. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Individual User ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Toothbrush Wear ◽  
Wear Index

Toothbrushes wear out and progressively lose their ability to clean as the bristles abrade and become curled and matted. To study the factors that influence this process, we developed a quantitative measure of bristle splaying (wear index) and a method for judging and ranking the overall state of brush deterioration (wear rating) and used these to determine the effects of the individual user, brush design, time in use, and bristle material. Wear index is the average increase in brush-head dimensions normalized for maximum bristle length, and is dimensionless. Wear rating is a subjective means of classifying the increasing severity of deterioration on a scale of 0 to 3. The wear characteristics of a variety of commercial and experimental brushes with different design features were determined. Test variables were time in use, brush design (e.g., geometry and size of the brush head), and bristle composition. Time of use, the individual user, and bristle composition were found to have the strongest influences on splaying, and brush design was found to have the least influence. The wear index offers a quantitative means of comparing brushes of different dimensions at various stages of splaying. The wear rating, although qualitative, is a quick means of ranking brushes in various stages of deterioration. The two methods correlate (R2 = 0.87), and both are sensitive to several factors that affect brush durability. Therefore, these methods appear to be suitable not only for research, but also for quality control, the setting of standards, and for substantiation of advertising claims.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN HIGH-TECH COMPANIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. E. SKLYAROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

The article contains proposals for the development of the assessment of innovation activity of a knowledgeintensive organization. They include four blocks of indicators: the portfolio of innovative activities, own work within it, the duration of implementation of innovative projects, the economic effect of their implementation. A distinctive feature of the system is the assessment of indicators of innovation activity within the framework of the execution of profitable contracts of a knowledge-intensive organization.

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