scholarly journals Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater quality of the Tista floodplain, Rangpur, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Saha ◽  
A. H. M. Selim Reza ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Roy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Sodium Magnesium

Abstract The Tista is a Trans-Himalayan river that flows through Sikkim and West Bengal states of India and Rangpur division of Bangladesh and finally falls into the Brahmaputra River. The presence of numerous abandoned channels with various degrees of aggradations indicates large migrations of the Tista River. The pH value of groundwater varies from 6.20 to 7.40 which indicate the slightly alkaline to acidic nature of the studied aquifers. The mean abundance of major cations is Na+ > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+, whereas the major anions is HCO3− > Cl− > SO4−2. Among the cations, Na+ is the dominant and K+ is the lowest constituents, whereas HCO3− is most abundant and SO4−2 is the minor constituents in anions. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater show that sodium, sodium–magnesium, sodium–calcium, sodium–magnesium–calcium and sodium–calcium–magnesium are cation facies and chloride–bicarbonate, bicarbonate–chloride and bicarbonate are anion facies. Correlating with WHO (Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 1, World Health Organisation, Geneva, 1997) and EQS (Environmental quality standard, Department of Environment, Bangladesh, 1989) guideline values for drinking water and public health, it may be concluded that the groundwater of the study area is suitable for all drinking and domestic purposes, where only three samples exceed the maximum allowable limit of potassium. Based on total hardness, SAR, RSC, PI, SSP and MH values, it can be summarized that the groundwater of the investigated area is suitable for irrigation purpose. On the basis of Australian and UNESCO standard, the groundwater of the study area is also suitable for livestock purposes. The Rangpur area is hydrogeologically active by the processes like ion exchange and dissolution. Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− are produced by the dissolution of limestone and dolomite.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

scholarly journals The Toxic Metal Arsenic Contamination of the Coastal Aquifers in the North Coast of Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Pesatnya perkembangan industri dan aktivitas domestic di daerah pantai utara Jawa mendorong untuk perlunya dilakukan penelitian tentang kemungkinan adanya pencemaran logam Arsen (As) di akifer dangkal kota-kota Jakarta, Semarang dan Surabaya. Sebanyak 30 contoh air dari sumur-sumur yang berasal dari zona pemukiman di daerah pesisir dianalisis kandungan logam As dengan menggunakan teknik Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kandungan logam As sebesar 59.65 μg L−1 di Jakarta. Rerata dan simpangan baku dari logam As di Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya adalah 15.47 ± 18.79, 1.25 ± 2.05 and 0.59 ± 0.26 μgL-1. Terdapat korelasi yang nyata antara logam As dan Fe di airtanah. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kandungan logam As dan Fe di daerah akifer pantai utara Jawa masih berada di bawah ambang yang dipersyaratkan oleh Indonesian Drinking & Domestic Water Quality Standard for Ground Water and WHO’s (World Health Organization) Guideline Values for Drinking Water, kecuali untuk stasion 5 dan 6 dari Jakarta.Kata kunci: Arsen (As), AAS, akifer pantaiA study was conducted to assess the Arsenic (As) metal contamination of the shallow aquifers in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya city of Java and its relation to the highly developed industrial and domestic activities in the coastal region. Arsen was assayed in the waters of 30 wells throughout the terrestrial cities, in residential zones using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) technique. Analysis of the As level revealed that high As contents were found primarily in Jakarta, to a maximum of 59.65 μg L−1. The mean and standard deviation of As in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya were 15.47 ± 18.79, 1.25 ± 2.05 and 0.59 ± 0.26 μgL-1, respectively. The groundwater As concentration shows a correlation with Fe significantly. It was concluded that the levels of As in some investigated 3 Indonesian metropolis cities were below the maximum allowable concentrations of metals recommended by Indonesian Drinking & Domestic Water Quality Standard for Ground Water and WHO’s (World Health Organization)Guideline Values for Drinking Water, except for station 5 and 6 of Jakarta.Keywords: Arsenic (As), AAS, coastal aquifer

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in the City of Al-Marj, Libya

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Jauda R. Jauda Hamad ◽  
Wan Zuhairi Yaacob ◽  
Abdelnaser Omran
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The City ◽  
Groundwater Wells

This study aimed to assess and compare the quality of groundwater in the city of Al-Marj in Libya with the international standard guidelines for drinking water recommended by the World Health Organisation. An evaluation of the groundwater wells in the study area was conducted. Standard techniques, such as Minitab (v. 16) and ArcGIS (v.10.2), were used for the analytics of the physicochemical and biological parameters of the groundwater samples. An assessment of the calculation of groundwater quality was conducted on the basis of temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, total hardness, calcium, potassium, magnesium, ammonia, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate, sodium, copper, iron, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Results indicated that most groundwater wells in the study area display a higher concentration of several parameters compared with the permissible limits of drinking water; thus, the water in these wells is chemically and biologically unsafe for drinking purposes. On the basis of the above results, routine water quality monitoring should be performed and additional water filtration plants should be installed by the local government to obtain safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Analysis of Physiochemical Parameters to Evaluate the Drinking Water Quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rahmanian ◽  
Siti Hajar Bt Ali ◽  
M. Homayoonfard ◽  
N. J. Ali ◽  
M. Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The drinking water quality was investigated in suspected parts of Perak state, Malaysia, to ensure the continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water for the public health protection. In this regard, a detailed physical and chemical analysis of drinking water samples was carried out in different residential and commercial areas of the state. A number of parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Hg, and Sn were analysed for each water sample collected during winter and summer periods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and local standards such as National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). The values of each parameter were found to be within the safe limits set by the WHO and NDWQS. Overall, the water from all the locations was found to be safe as drinking water. However, it is also important to investigate other potential water contaminations such as chemicals and microbial and radiological materials for a longer period of time, including human body fluids, in order to assess the overall water quality of Perak state.

scholarly journals Study of the properties of drinking water for Kirkuk city and its pollution in some areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Iman Hussein Zainulabdeen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Treatment Water ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was conducted to demonstrate the difference between drinking water quality for seven different areas of Kirkuk city with the treatment water in the main and three sub storages tanks, affected with drinking water pipe lines, supplying system Alternate and continuous and also pipes across the construction work’s areas. The physical and chemical properties (turbidity, pH, conductivity, Alkalinity, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, TDS (Total dissolve solids), TSS (Total suspended solids), sodium and potassium) for raw water and treated water in the Storages in addition to the supplying water from seven different areas in Kirkuk were analyzed, samples taken at a rate nine times during the month of March. Results showed that Drinking water of Dumez, Wasti, Shorja, Imam Qasim and Arubaa polluted with turbidity with an average levels of (8.68, 6.04, 7.41, 6.95, 7.64) NTU respectively, over the limit allowed by IBWA (International Bottled Water Association), 2012 and WHO (World Health Organization), 2006. The turbidity in the main and sub storages have reached (4.04, 4.09, 4.47, 4.16) NTU respectively, while other physical and chemical properties were within the allowed limits for human use. The pollution in those areas caused by the alternative supplying system of treatment water and it has negative impact on the pipelines, it includes constriction work in areas also where pipelines exist.

scholarly journals Improving Risk Assessments by Sanitary Inspection for Small Drinking-Water Supplies—Qualitative Evidence

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Pond ◽  
Richard King ◽  
Jo Herschan ◽  
Rosalind Malcolm ◽  
Rory Moses McKeown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Operations And Maintenance

Small drinking-water supplies face particular challenges in terms of their management. Being vulnerable to contamination but often not monitored regularly nor well-maintained, small drinking-water supplies may pose consequences for health of users. Sanitary inspection (SI) is a risk assessment tool to identify and manage observable conditions of the water supply technology or circumstances in the catchment area that may favour certain hazardous events and introduce hazards which may become a risk to health. This qualitative research aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the SI tool as published by the World Health Organisation to inform a review and update of the forms and to improve their robustness. The study identified a number of benefits of the approach, such as its simplicity and ease of use. Challenges were also identified, such as potential for inconsistencies in perception of risk between inspectors, in interpreting questions, and lack of follow-up action. The authors recommend a revision of the existing SI forms to address the identified challenges and development of complementary advice on possible remedial action to address identified risk factors and on basic operations and maintenance.

scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metals contamination, risk assessment and their source in drinking water of the Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Gul ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Shah ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Nimat Ullah Khattak ◽  
Said Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Guideline Values

The present study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics in drinking water of Mardan District, Pakistan. Furthermore, water quality was evaluated for the risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals (HMs) and their contamination sources. Representative groundwater samples of shallow and deep sources were collected in the study area. These samples were analyzed for physical parameters, anions, light metals (LMs) and HMs. Results were compared with the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Average concentrations of anions, LMs and HMs were found within the maximum allowable contaminant levels except for bicarbonates, Fe, Cu, and Pb. Results revealed that hazard quotients >1 were observed for shallow groundwater for 10% samples only, suggesting potential health risk from water consumption. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed a relationship among various physico-chemical parameters in both shallow and deep groundwater. Statistical analyses suggested the geogenic and anthropogenic sources for possible enhancement of various physico-chemical parameters in the aquifer system of the study area.

scholarly journals Detection of trace arsenic in drinking water: challenges and opportunities for microfluidics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevetha Yogarajah ◽  
Scott S. H. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Detection ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Economic Constraints

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a major global problem, with contamination in Bangladesh deemed most serious. Although the current World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum contamination limit (MCL) for arsenic in drinking water is 10 μg L−1, due to practical and economic constraints, the standard limit in Bangladesh and many other developing nations is 50 μg L−1. We propose that an ideal arsenic sensor, designed for routine monitoring, will have five essential qualities: sensitivity and selectivity for arsenic; speed and reliability; portability and robustness; reduced health and environmental risks; and affordability and ease of use for local technicians. It is our opinion that many of these characteristics can be accentuated by microfluidic systems. We describe candidate colorimetric, electrochemical, biological, electrophoretic, surface-sensing, and spectroscopic methods for arsenic detection; and comment on their potential for portable microfluidic adaptation. We also describe existing developments in the literature towards the ultimate creation of microfluidic total analysis systems (μTASs) for arsenic detection. The fundamental purpose of this review is to highlight the need for better portable arsenic contamination detection, and describe how microfluidic technology may be developed to address this need.

scholarly journals Feasibility Studies on Treatment of Household Greywater Using Phytoremediation Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetha Delphin Mary Kulandaiswamy ◽  
Muralimohan Nithyanandam
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Guideline Values

Abstract Recycling and reusing of wastewater acquired high priority among the research community to meet the ever-increasing demand for groundwater, and to tackle water scarcity in every country. In this scenario, a grey water treatment system is developed with a vertical flow wetland construction tank (VFWCT)with sand, gravel and silex as media combined with phytoremediation technology using plants like Cyperus rotundus, Canna indica, Typha angustifolia, Cyperus pangorei, and Phragmites australis. The assessment parameters like color, odor, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, free residual chlorine, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chloride, Sulphate, Total Suspended Solids (TSS),oil & grease, Sulphide,Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate Nitrogen, E.coli and Salmonella are used to substantiate the performance of proposed greywater treatment system. Simulation outcomes showed that most of the guideline values of the effluent are notably lower compared to the influent. The experimentation also focused on finding the best plant as Typha angustifolia for greywater treatment in the VFWCT. The plant’s rapid growth and the removal efficiency parameters of the plant with regard to the contaminants present in the greywater was highly notable. The removal efficiency was 56.56% and 50.25% for BOD5 and COD, the solids content TSS and TDS was 68% and 64.4%. The salt Cl− and Na+ removal efficiencies are 63.4% and 81.39% respectively. Majority of the parameters like pH value, Electrical conductivity, odor and TDS are higher than the groundwater aquifers, but falls within the world health organization safety limits.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water in Kari Estate Bauchi Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad M Abubakar ◽  
Ibrahim Khalil Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Industrial Standards

Some sources of drinking water in Kari Estate in Bauchi Metropolis were analyzed for physicochemical contents and coliform contamination. A total of five samples were collected from different sources as follows: 2 sachets water, 2 wells, and tap water. The physicochemical analysis included the determinations of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, colour, suspended solids, odour, taste, total hardness, iron, nitrate, nitirite, manganese, ammonia, fluoride and cyanide. The two wells had total coliforms of 6 and 10 and faecal coliforms of 4 and 5 respectively. Tap water had total and faecal coliforms of 7 and 3 respectively. E. coli were identified in the samples from wells while Bacillus sp. were found in the tap water. Although the physicochemical contents of the samples were normal range, coliform counts of the wells and tap water were above those set by the Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Presence coliforms above the standards indicates contamination and that the water may be unsafe for drinking. The presence of E. coli suggests that improvement in monitoring and water hygiene practices should be employed to improve the drinking water quality.

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