scholarly journals Hydro-chemical and microbial assessments of water resources around cassava mills in a sedimentary formation of Ilaro, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akintayo O. Ojo ◽  
Opeyemi O. Ogunyinka ◽  
Oluwatoyin O. Daramola ◽  
Felix A. Olaoye
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe use of water resources from hand-dug wells, boreholes and streams around cassava processing mills within Ilaro metropolis, Ogun State Nigeria for domestic and industrial activities had led to the assessments of water resources in the vicinities of Ekueme, Olorungbogo, Double Crown, Olalandu and Akewe cassava mills. Eleven water samples were collected and taken to the laboratories for physiochemical, heavy metals and microbial analyses. The values obtained were compared with the WHO standards for drinking water. The pH (4.68–7.41) revealed acidic water with relatively low temperatures (24.7–29.2 ℃). The EC (79.80–221.00 mS/cm) indicated very high level of dissolved ionic salts, TU (0.200–0.684 mg/L) revealed the presence of particulate matters, and TH (15.10–22.70 mg/L) showed moderate water hardness. The anions NO3−, PO43− and Cl− concentrations indicated contaminations ranging from 65.42–110.80, 7.210–8.310 and 195.25–427.00 mg/L, respectively. Cations Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had relatively low concentrations ranging from 14.49–20.96, 4.30–11.29 and 10.50–11.50 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb were high and ranged from 3.87–5.10, 1.27–2.82, 0.07–2.69 and 0.03–0.96 mg/L, respectively. The microbial counts in for total bacteria, fungi, E. coli and total coliform were also high ranging from 1.0–93.0, 0.1–1.3, 0.1–9.2 and 0.1–9.3 (106 CFU/ml), respectively. All these parameters indicated statistically significant difference between their concentrations at p = 0.000 and between the physiochemical and microbial results at p = 0.006. The qualities of the water resources around the study areas had been highly compromised and are not suitable for domestic activities.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Study of Beta-Lactamase ResistantEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeReveals High Level Chromosome Mediated Extended SpectrumβLactamase Resistance in Ogun State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasoge A. Adeyankinnu ◽  
Babatunde O. Motayo ◽  
Akinniyi Akinduti ◽  
John Akinbo ◽  
Joseph I. Ogiogwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
High Level

As a result of the ever increasing problem of multiresistant bacteria, we instituted a surveillance program with the aim of identifying the basic molecular properties of ESBL in our environment. About 197 isolates ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewere selected and tested for ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility. Plasmid profiles were determined and curing ability was tested. ESBL prevalence was 26.4% for all isolates tested, withE. colihaving a greater proportion. There was absolute resistance to ampicilin, tetracycline, and co-trimaxole among tested isolates. There was above average susceptibility to the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Plasmid profiles of tested isolates ranged from 9 kbp to 26 kbp with average of14.99±2.3 kbp forE. coliand20.98±1.8 kbpK. pneumoniae, 9.6% of ESBL positiveE. coliplasmids were cured, while 3.9% ofK. pneumoniaeplasmids were cured after treatment. The present study shows an upsurge in ESBL acquisition by gram negative bacteria and evidence of cocirculation of varying subtypes of ESBL with both plasmid transmissible and chromosome encoded subtypes. This calls for universal surveillance and more effort towards molecular epidemiology of this public health treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial occurrence at different freezing duration in speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) from local markets of Dhaka city

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Md Anisur Rahman Khan ◽  
Tamanna Yasmin ◽  
Saima Sharif Nilla ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Naziza Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Metapenaeus Monoceros ◽  
Significant Difference

A study was carried out at four different (0, 1, 7 and 30 days) freezing durations in regard to the microbiological incidence in speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) from three different local markets - Ananda bazaar, New Market and Polashi bazaar of Dhaka city. The study unveiled that Ananda bazaar samples were more or less contaminated than those of others. The microbial load varied with market sources as total bacteria count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC) and faecal coliform count (FCC) were found in all the storage periods crossing the acceptable limit. Except for E. coli (EC), all the bacterial counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) in 7 and 30 days freezing durations. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in all freezing durations only for EC counts. After 30 days storage duration for all counts showed 101 cfu/g reduction of microbial load from every initial count. The Salmonella-Shigella (SS) and Vibrio spp. were identified in all the samples of the three markets. In case of biochemical composition, an inverse relation was found in moisture - protein and moisture - fat where the moisture content increased after 30 days freezing duration but protein and lipid contents decreased with time. This study revealed that shrimp available in local markets of Dhaka city was highly ingested with pathogenic bacteria which indicate the unhygienic condition of the market premises. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 91-101, 2013 (July)

scholarly journals High rates of plasmid cotransformation in E. coli overturn the clonality myth and reveal colony development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Tomoiaga ◽  
Jaclyn Bubnell ◽  
Liam Herndon ◽  
Paul Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mosaic Analysis ◽  
Related Bacterium ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
High Level

AbstractDNA transformation methods, pioneered by Griffith in 1928 and made commonplace by Hanahan in the 1980s 1, ushered in the dawn of molecular cloning of DNA. It is accepted that a typical transformation produces clonal bacterial colonies. To the contrary, using low concentrations of several fluorescent plasmids, under the same selective antibiotic, we find that E. coli bacteria readily accept multiple plasmids, resulting in widespread aclonality and surprisingly uncover a complex pattern of colony development. Cotransformation of plasmids occurs by either CaCl2 or by electroporation methods of bacterial transformation. A bacterium rod transformed with three plasmids - each expressing a high level of a unique fluorescent protein - and replated on agar, appears to reassign a random number of the three fluorescent plasmids to its daughter cell during cell division until an equilibrium is reached whereby ensuing progeny carry a specific distribution of the three plasmids. Thus, the potential to follow multiple lineage tracings in a bacteria colony simultaneously lends itself to mosaic analysis of gene function. We observe that clonally related bacterium rods self-organize in a fractal growth pattern can remain linked during colony development revealing a potential target against microbiota growth.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF Moringa oleifera AND ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE CHLORIDE IN GREYWATER TREATMENT IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
A. A. ADEKITAN ◽  
O. MARTINS ◽  
J. A. AWOMESO ◽  
Z. O. OJEKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Two methods of treating water using a natural coagulant and a chemical coagulant were assessed. The natural coagulant was Moringa oleifera seeds (a forest plant) i.e Treatment ‘A’ while the chemical used was Aluminum hydroxide chloride i.e Treatment ‘B’. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a natural coagulant with a chemical coagulant.  Samples were collected at Omida,  Ibara, Mama Cass, Mr Bigg’s and Sidipon village respectively. The filtrate of   Moringa oleifera seed extract was dosed into the greywater sample at 10% dosing range and made to run through a greywater treatment plant while Aluminum Hydroxide Chloride was also dosed at 10% dosing range and made to run through the treatment plant respectively. The greywater treatment plant   is a self designed treatment plant made to treat both water and wastewater. The raw water was firstly analyzed, after which the treated samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis.  Result for the physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of treatment ‘A’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH (9.3, 9.7), EC (2995, 1175μs), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc) , TDS (365, 155ppm),  TSS (0.32, 0.30ppm), TS (376, 155ppm), Sulphate (588, 314mg/l), Magnesium (400, 260mg/l), Nitrate (7.5, 6.1mg/l), Phosphate (285, 12mg/l) and total coliform count after treatment is given as (2.8x103 cfu/ml), while that of treatment ‘B’ before and after treatment were as follows: pH(11, 9.9), EC (3000,630), Temperature (27.7, 27.6oc), TDS (0.47, 0.45ppm), TS (416, 320ppm), Sulphate (571, 246mg/l), Magnesium (820,  860mg/l), Nitrate (4.4, 6.0mg/l), Phosphate(169, 6.1mg/l)  the  total coliform count after treatment was  given as ; (3.0x103cfu/ml). One-way Anova test was used to determine differences between results obtained using the two coagulants. The result indicated no significant difference at p=0.05 between the two treatments. Hence, result was further compared with World Health Organization Standard for Drinking Water.  Comparatively, the analysis obtained from water treated with Moringa oleifera was found to be more effective than the chemical coagulant, and can be easily made available for the use of the populace.    

scholarly journals Managed Aquifer Recharge at a Farm Level: Evaluating the Performance of Direct Well Recharge Structures

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prahlad Soni ◽  
Yogita Dashora ◽  
Basant Maheshwari ◽  
Peter Dillon ◽  
Pradeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Recharge Structures

A field study evaluated the performance of direct well recharge structures (DWRS) in order to harvest and filter farm runoff and its discharge into open dug wells to augment groundwater recharge. This was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 using a total of 11 wells in the Dharta watershed, situated in a semi-arid hardrock region of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The depth to water level in each DWRS well was monitored weekly for 1 to 3 years before and after the DWRS was established, and water samples were taken for water quality analysis (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, fluoride, and Escherichia coli) before and during the monsoon period. For each DWRS well, two control wells in close proximity were also monitored and sampled. Five of the DWRS established in 2018 also had flow meters installed in order to measure discharge from the filter to the well. The volume of water recharged through DWRS into individual wells during the 2018 monsoon ranged from 2 to 176 m3 per well. Although the mean rise in water levels over the monsoon was higher in DWRS wells than in nearby control wells, the difference was not significant. Values of pH, EC, TDS, and F decreased in DWRS and control wells as each monsoon progressed, whereas the turbidity of wells with DWRS increased slightly. There was no significant difference between DWRS and control wells for pH, EC/TDS, turbidity, or fluoride. The presence of E. coli in DWRS wells was higher than in control wells, however, E. coli exceeded drinking water guidelines in all sampled wells. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that rural runoff should not be admitted to wells that are used for, or close to, wells used for drinking water supplies, even though salinity and fluoride concentrations may be reduced. For this study, none of the 11 DWRS wells produced sufficient additional recharge to potentially increase dry season irrigation supplies to justify expenditure on DWRS. This even applies to the DWRS well adjacent to a small ephemeral stream that had a significantly larger catchment area than those drawing on farmers’ fields alone. An important and unexpected finding of this study was that no sampled open dug well met drinking water standards. This has led to a shift in local priorities to implement well-head water quality protection measures for wells used for drinking water supplies. It is recommended that parapet walls be built around the perimeter of such dug wells, as well as having covers be installed.

Coliform status of water bodies from two districts in Ghana, west Africa: implications for rural water resources management

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-745
Author(s):  
F. Anim ◽  
F. K. Nyame ◽  
T. K. Armah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Investigations were conducted on the total and faecal coliform status of streams, hand-dug wells and boreholes highly patronised by communities in the West Akim and Kwaebibirem Districts, Eastern Ghana. Total coliform values obtained range from 60–2,672 cfu, 0–680 cfu and 0–128 cfu for streams, hand-dug wells and boreholes, respectively. Faecal coliform values similarly range from 31–1,988 cfu, 0–136 cfu and 0–36 cfu for streams, hand-dugs and boreholes, respectively. The data indicates that samples from streams and hand-dug wells returned high coliform counts beyond the Maximum Permissible Levels (MPL) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some borehole water contained coliform counts above MPL. Because many rural people in the areas studied, and indeed in most areas in Ghana, depend heavily on these principal sources of water for drinking and other domestic purposes, a policy response that incorporates periodic assessment of water quality in rural communities may be appropriate. In addition, it would seem that current government and development partner programmes in the water resources sector that emphasise provision of borehole water must be integrated with land use considerations, water quality monitoring and education on environmental awareness in local communities.

A New Technique for Escherichia coli Testing of Beef and Pork Carcasses†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. ERDMANN ◽  
J. S. DICKSON ◽  
M. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A New Technique

A novel technique has been developed to monitor Escherichia coli contamination on carcasses using membrane filtration and m-ColiBlue24 (mCB). mCB is a membrane filtration medium that simultaneously detects total coliforms and E. coli (EC) in a period of 24 ± 4 h. A study was conducted, using a sponge method to obtain samples from pork carcasses and the excision technique to remove samples from beef carcasses, that compared mCB to standard methods. On pork carcasses (n = 77), the mean values for mCB and violet red bile agar were 7.4 CFU/15 cm2 and 6.1 CFU/15 cm2, respectively. The paired t test (P &gt; 0.05) indicated no significant difference between the two methods (t = 0.5; P = 0.6). Samples from beef carcasses (n = 57) were used to compare mCB to both coliform count and EC Petrifilm. Of these samples, 27 were artificially inoculated with cattle manure. The mean total coliform count was 4.2 log CFU/cm2 and 4.0 log CFU/cm2 on mCB and coliform count Petrifilm, respectively. The mean EC count on mCB was 4.0 log CFU/cm2 and 3.5 log CFU/cm2 on EC Petrifilm. When comparing mCB to both coliform count (t = 2.4; P = 0.02) and EC (t = 3.5; P &lt; 0.01) Petrifilm, paired t tests (P ≤ 0.05) indicated significant differences.

Influence of Processing Schemes on Indicative Bacteria and Quality of Fresh Aquacultured Catfish Filletst†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
JUAN L. SILVA ◽  
THOMAS A. McCASKEy
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Peptone Water

Fresh aquacultured catfish fillets were obtained from three processors using different processing protocols in summer, autumn, winter, and spring and evaluated for microbial quality. Twenty freshly processed fillets were randomly selected and each fillet was placed in a sterile polyethylene bag. The fillets were transported on ice-pack overnight by air immediately after processing. Five fillets were randomly selected for microbial assays. Each fillet was weighed and an equal volume of sterile 0.1 % peptone water at 0 to 1°C was added aseptically. The fillet was massaged (or rinsed) for 120 s and the rinse was used to determine microbial quality. Aerobes (incubation at 35°C for 48 h) and psychrotrophs (incubation at 20°C for 96 h) were enumerated using 3M Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count plates. Escherichia coli (incubation at 35°C for 24 to 48 h) and total coliforms (incubation at 35°C for 24 to 48 h) were enumerated on 3M Petrifilm™ E. coli Count plates. Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined on Baird-Parker agar (incubation at 35°C for 48 h). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in aerobic, psychrotrophic, total coliform, E. coli, and S. aureus counts due to temperature effects during production and variations in processing protocols were observed. E. coli and S. aureus counts were significantly different during the four seasons. E. coli and S. aureus counts were high during summer and low during winter weather. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in aerobic, psychrotrophic, and total coliform counts among the three processors during warm weather; however, these differences were significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced in cold weather.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Hydrogeological Profiles within Odeda Local Government, Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-726
Author(s):  
K.A. Olatunde ◽  
M. Sanni ◽  
A. Omodayo ◽  
D. Odedeyi ◽  
J. Eze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Bacteriological Parameters

Groundwater quality can be affected by human activities such as agriculture and improper sewage disposal facilities currently in use by some homeowners within Odeda local government, Ogun State Nigeria. Sixty groundwatersamples collected from hand-dug wellswere analysed for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters using standard procedures. Results were integrated with multivariate and hydrogeochemical analyses to assess groundwater quality and hydrogeologycal facies within the study area. The range of values for the measured parameters include: pH (5.91 – 7.4), EC (101- 1142 μScm-1), TDS (50 - 581 mg L-1), NO3-(3 - 18 mg L-1), Cl- (25 – 234 mg L-1 ), BOD (0.1 – 17.9) and E. Coli (ND - 45×10cfu mL-1). The piper trilinear plot shows that the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area is the Ca2+– Cl− type. A correlation analysis and a principal component analysis reflect dissolutions from basal rocks and contamination from biological wastes possibly arising from surrounding septic tanks or municipal waste disposal sites. There is need for a continuous monitoring of groundwater by relevant regulatory authorities to safeguard the human health and environment within the study area.

scholarly journals Bacteriological assessment of dug well water in rural areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-732
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Md. Ali Akber ◽  
M. M. Majedul Islam ◽  
Md. Azharul Islam ◽  
Mukta Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well

Abstract This study assessed the bacteriological quality of dug well waters from Jashore district – an arsenic affected area of Bangladesh. A total of 58 dug wells (42 installed by a government organization (GO) and 16 installed by a non-government organization (NGO)) were sampled in the dry and wet seasons. The samples were evaluated for total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sanitary inspections of the surroundings of the GO-installed dug wells identified the sources of faecal contamination. Both the GO-installed and NGO-installed dug wells had bacterial contamination. The median concentrations of E. coli among the GO-installed and NGO-installed dug wells were, respectively, 41 and 21 cfu/100 ml in the wet season, and respectively 2 and &lt;1 cfu/100 ml in the dry season. In the wet season, 24 and 31%, respectively, of the GO-installed and NGO-installed dug wells were in the high-risk category. All of the dug wells had higher disease burden in the wet season compared to the dry season. The findings suggest that drinking water from the dug wells is likely to pose health risks to the rural communities.

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