Salicylic acid: a key signal molecule ameliorating plant stresses

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Yamini Tak ◽  
Bavita Asthir
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule

Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Murat Uzunlu ◽  
Ali Riza Demirkiran
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) application at various concentrations through seed immersion or foliar spray would protect muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Twenty-one-day-old plants pre-treated with ASA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) were subjected to chilling stress for 72 h at 3 ± 0.5°C. ASA, applied either through seed immersion or foliar spray, was effective within the range of 0.1 to 1 mM in inducing tolerance to chilling stress in muskmelon seedlings; however, there was no significant difference between application methods. ASA significantly and curvilinearly affected all seedling growth and stress indicator variables tested except shoot dry weight. The best protection was obtained from seedlings pre-treated with 0.5 mM ASA. The highest ASA concentration used was slightly less effective in providing chilling stress protection. Even though both methods provided similar means of protection, due to its simplicity and practicality, immersion of muskmelon seeds prior to sowing in 0.5 mM ASA would be a more desirable method to induce tolerance to chilling stress. Key words: Cucumis melo, aspirin, chilling stress tolerance, gas exchange, electrolyte leakage

scholarly journals Application of Endophytic Bacillus subtilis and Salicylic Acid to Improve Wheat Growth and Tolerance under Combined Drought and Fusarium Root Rot Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Lastochkina ◽  
Darya Garshina ◽  
Chulpan Allagulova ◽  
Kristina Fedorova ◽  
Igor Koryakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

In nature, plants are constantly exposed to a varied abiotic and biotic stresses or their combinations, limiting the productivity of major crops, including wheat. Combinations of drought and soil-borne Fusarium-instigated diseases are the most common combinations of stresses, significantly reducing wheat yield around the world. Here, were analyzed the potential of application of endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (strain 10–4) together with the natural signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) to improve growth and tolerance of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) plants under combined drought and Fusarium culmorum-instigated root rot (FRR) stresses. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment with B. subtilis 10–4, SA, and B. subtilis 10–4 + SA, both under normal and combined drought conditions, notably reduced (by 50–80% or more) the incidence of FRR development in wheat plants, with the most notable effect for B. subtilis 10–4 + SA (wherein disease symptoms were almost absent). Moreover, B. subtilis 10–4, SA, and especially B. subtilis 10–4 + SA increased plant growth (root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass) under normal (up to 20–50%), drought (up to 15–40%), FRR (up to 15–30%), and combined drought + FRR stresses (up to 20%), with the maximum effect for B. subtilis 10–4 + SA. Additionally, B. subtilis 10–4, SA, and B. subtilis 10–4 + SA decreased stress (drought, FRR, and combined drought + FRR)-instigated lipid peroxidation and osmotic damages of plant cells. The findings indicate that endophytic bacteria B. subtilis 10–4 alone and in a mixture with SA may be used as an effective eco-friendly agent to improve wheat growth and tolerance under the influence of drought, FRR, and combinations of these stresses.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Response of Reactive Oxygen Species and Salicylic Acid Suggest Their Interaction in Pumpkin Rootstock-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Watermelon Plants

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Fei Cheng ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Junyang Lu ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Zhilong Bie
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Psii Activity

Grafting with pumpkin rootstock could improve chilling tolerance in watermelon, and salicylic acid (SA) as a signal molecule is involved in regulating plant tolerance to chilling and other abiotic stresses. To clarify the mechanism in pumpkin rootstock-induced systemic acquired acclimation in grafted watermelon under chilling stress, we used self-grafted (Cl/Cl) and pumpkin rootstock-grafted (Cl/Cm) watermelon seedlings to study the changes in lipid peroxidation, photosystem II (PSII) activity and antioxidant metabolism, the spatio–temporal response of SA biosynthesis and H2O2 accumulation to chilling, and the role of H2O2 signal in SA-induced chilling tolerance in grafted watermelon. The results showed that pumpkin rootstock grafting promoted SA biosynthesis in the watermelon scions. Chilling induced hydrolysis of conjugated SA into free SA in the roots and accumulation of free SA in the leaves in Cl/Cm plants. Further, pumpkin rootstock grafting induced early response of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots and increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the leaves, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Exogenous SA improved while the inhibition of SA biosynthesis reduced chilling tolerance in Cl/Cl seedlings. The application of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H2O2 scavenger) decreased, while exogenous H2O2 improved the PSII activity in Cl/Cl plants under chilling stress. Additionally, the decrease of the net photosynthetic rate in DMTU- and DPI-pretreated Cl/Cl plants under chilling conditions could be alleviated by subsequent application of H2O2 but not SA. In conclusion, pumpkin rootstock grafting induces SA biosynthesis and redistribution in the leaves and roots and participates in the regulation of antioxidant metabolism probably through interaction with the H2O2 signal, thus improving chilling tolerance in watermelon.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana EDS4 Contributes to Salicylic Acid (SA)-Dependent Expression of Defense Responses: Evidence for Inhibition of Jasmonic Acid Signaling by SA

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaijayanti Gupta ◽  
Michael G. Willits ◽  
Jane Glazebrook
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Resistance Response

The Arabidopsis enhanced disease susceptibility 4 (eds4) mutation causes enhanced susceptibility to infection by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. Maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326). Gene-for-gene resistance to bacteria carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2 is not significantly affected by eds4. Plants homozygous for eds4 exhibit reduced expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR-1 after infection by Psm ES4326, weakened responses to treatment with the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA), impairment of the systemic acquired resistance response, and reduced accumulation of SA after infection with Psm ES4326. These phenotypes indicate that EDS4 plays a role in SA-dependent signaling. SA has been shown to have a negative effect on activation of gene expression by the signal molecule jasmonic acid (JA). Two mutations that cause reduced SA levels, eds4 and pad4, cause heightened responses to inducers of JA-dependent gene expression, providing genetic evidence to support the idea that SA interferes with JA-dependent signaling. Two possible working models of the role of EDS4 in governing activation of defense responses are presented.

The Role of Salicylic Acid as a Plant Signal Molecule

1993 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Paul Silverman ◽  
Rebecca A. Linzer ◽  
Ilya Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule

scholarly journals Mutational Analysis of a Role for Salicylic Acid in Iron Metabolism of Mycobacterium smegmatis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadepalli Adilakshmi ◽  
Peter D. Ayling ◽  
Colin Ratledge
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Additional Function

ABSTRACT The role of salicylic acid in iron metabolism was examined in two wild-type strains (mc2155 and NCIMB 8548) and three mutant strains (mc21292 [lacking exochelin], SM3 [lacking iron-dependent repressor protein IdeR] and S99 [a salicylate-requiring auxotroph derived in this study]) ofMycobacterium smegmatis. Synthesis of salicylate in SM3 was derepressed even in the presence of iron, as was synthesis of the siderophores exochelin, mycobactin, and carboxymycobactin. S99 was dependent on salicylate for growth and failed to grow with the three ferrisiderophores, suggesting that salicylate fulfills an additional function(s) other than being a precursor of mycobactin and carboxymycobactin. Salicylic acid at 100 μg/ml repressed the formation of a 29-kDa cell envelope protein (putative exochelin receptor protein) in S99 grown both iron deficiently and iron sufficiently. In contrast, synthesis of this protein was affected only under iron-limited conditions in the parent strain, mc2155, and remained unaltered in SM3, suggesting an interaction between the IdeR protein and salicylate. Thus, salicylate may also function as a signal molecule for recognition of cellular iron status. Growth of all strains and mutants with p-aminosalicylate (PAS) at 100 μg/ml increased salicylate accumulation between three- and eightfold under both iron-limited and iron-sufficient growth conditions and decreased mycobactin accumulation by 40 to 80% but increased carboxymycobactin accumulation by 50 to 55%. Thus, although PAS inhibited salicylate conversion to mycobactin, presumptively by blocking salicylate AMP kinase, PAS also interferes with the additional functions of salicylate, as its effect was heightened in S99 when the salicylate concentration was minimal.

scholarly journals Research progress of NPR genes in signal pathway of salicylic acid mediated plant disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Meiqin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to be an endogenous signal molecule in plants, and it is related to many resistances in plants. In Arabidopsis, Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene1 (NPR1) mediates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by SA. NPR1 is a key factor in SA signaling pathway, and the research shows that NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 play a key role in SA mediated plant disease resistance. In this review, the interaction between NPR and transcription factors is discussed, and we also describe the progress of NPR in SA mediated SAR signal transduction pathway, likewise, we introduce the relationship between NPR1 and its paralogues NPR3/NPR4. This paper analyzes the research prospect of NPR as the intersection of multiple signal paths.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Algae Growth in the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Qiuyang Xu ◽  
Meixue Shi ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Yuchun Qing
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

With the development of industry, synthetic drugs and their secondary metabolites bring some hidden dangers to environmental safety. As an excellent drug, salicylic acid is widely used in cardiovascular drugs, industrial dyes, skin care and acne products, etc. Therefore, it is possible to detect salicylic acid molecules, its derivatives or secondary metabolites in the natural environment. It should be noted that salicylic acid, as an endogenous signal molecule, can greatly affect plant growth. In this study, the common algal Spirogyra in fresh water was taken as the research object. The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth of Spirogyra were analyzed through the changes of chlorophyll content and plant cross section during the growth of Spirogyra. It is found that the concentration of salicylic acid in the natural environment generally promotes the development of algae and improves their resistance to environmental stress. Therefore, as a possible correlation index of algal blooms, it deserves our attention.

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