The Relevance of Old World Archaeology to the First Entry of Man into New Worlds: Colonization Seen from the Antipodes

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia J. Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Considerable Complexity

Following several discussions in recent numbers of Quaternary Research on the peopling of the Americas, this paper suggests that movements into the New World should be viewed in the wider context of subsistence, technology, and movement around the western littorals of the Pacific, resulting in the colonization not of one but of two new continents by men out of Asia. Specific points which have been raised by these recent papers are reviewed in the light of Australian, Wallacian, and East Asian data.(1) The earliness of watercraft is evidenced by chronology of the human diaspora through Wallacia and Greater Australia.(2) The simplistic nomenclature of chopper-flake traditions masks considerable complexity and technological potential, revealed in detailed Antipodean studies.(3) These traditions also have great potential for adapting to differing ecological zones, evidenced within Greater Australia; and for technological and economic innovation there, through Southeast Asia, and to Japan and the north Asian littoral.(4) The history of discovery and the nature of the evidence from Australia cannot validly be used to controvert early dates in the Americas.(5) Demographic data from Australia suggest that total commitment to a rapid-spread “bowwave” model for the peopling of new continents may be unwise.

scholarly journals Swiss Architectural Origins, Le Corbusier, and the Pātaka of Lake Horowhenua (1845)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Peter Wood
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Swiss Lake ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

In April, 1845, the Rev. Richard Taylor passed through the area of the North Island now marked by the town of Levin. At this time, he described Lake Horowhenua as being of singular appearance for the small storehouses built over the water on poles. As was his predilection, Taylor made a drawing of the lake huts, a version of which was belatedly included in the second edition of his most important literary contribution, Te Ika-a-Māui (1870). This image would have remained as little more than a questionable curiosity was it not for Messrs Black Bros who, in the course of exploring the lake bed for Māori artefacts in 1932, legitimised Taylor's observation with their discovery of the submerged architectural remains of an aquatic hut. Nonetheless, almost a century after Taylor's original diary entry, GL Adkin, writing for The Journal of the Polynesian Society, lamented the neglect shown toward these remarkable structures, and which he cited as just one example of the "tantalising gaps" in the recorded history of Māori custom and culture. Sadly, it is well beyond the scope of this research to properly redress the historical neglect shown toward lake pātaka. What I do wish to do is to link these structures to an event on the shores of the Lake of Zurich, Switzerland, when Dr Ferdinand Keller noticed some half-submerged piles in 1854. Upon these remains Keller made a great, if erroneous, case for primitive "pile-work habitations" in the Swiss lakes. The impact of this argument cannot be understated. It became the privileged model for architectural origins in the German and French parts of Switzerland, and by the 1890s it was a part of standard teaching texts in Swiss schools, where it was firmly inculcated into the curriculum at the time that Charles Edouard Jeanneret was a child. This in turn has led Vogt to suggest that, in Keller's "dwellings on the water," Le Corbusier found a Primitive Hut typology that underpinned all his architectural thinking, and which is made most explicit in his principled use of piloti. What makes this all the more involved is that Keller, in searching for examples to visualise the construction of the Swiss lake dwellings, turned to the Pacific (which he categorised as at a developmental stage of architectural evolution akin to early Europe). In this paper I identify the exact etching by Louis Auguste de Sainson that Keller took for direct influence. The problem, however, is that de Sainson depicted a conventional whare built on land, and Keller transposed it to the water. So we have on the one side of this paper an authentic lake whare that is all but forgotten, and a famed European lake-hut that is all but Māori, and between the two is the figure of Le Corbusier who may or may not have unknowingly based one on his major innovations on influences found in the pātaka of Lake Horowhenua.

Thermochronology quantifying exhumation history of the Wudang Complex in the South Qinling Orogenic Belt, central China

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUANBO SHEN ◽  
DI HU ◽  
CHUN SHAO ◽  
LIANFU MEI
Keyword(s):  
Distance Effect ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Yangtze Craton ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
South Qinling ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exhumation History

AbstractThe Wudang Complex located in the central part of South Qinling, has been inferred to be a segment of the Yangtze Craton involved in the orogen. In this study, the cooling/exhumation history of the Wudang Complex is revealed through combined published geochronology data and new apatite fission-track results. Three rapid exhumation episodes related to relevant geodynamic events have been identified. Previous40Ar–39Ar and (U–Th)/He data indicate that the most significant exhumation, induced by the collision between the North and South China Blocks, occurred fromc.237 to 220 Ma after long-term subsidence and sedimentation of the passive continental margin. The second exhumation event, related to the long-distance effect of the Pacific subduction, occurred during the period fromc.126 to 90 Ma. Following the late Cretaceous – Eocene peneplanation stage, the final late Cenozoic exhumation sincec.15 Ma may be attributed to the combined effect of the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Asian monsoon.

Second reply to the comment by Romero and Kannada on “Genetic analysis of 16th-century whale bones prompts a revision of the impact of Basque whaling on right and bowhead whales in the western North Atlantic”Appears in Can. J. Zool. 84(7): 1059–1065.

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff W. Higdon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

The comments by A. Romero and S. Kannada (2006. Can. J. Zool. 84: 1059–1065) provide a brief summary of North Atlantic whaling history as a critique of T. Rastogi et al. (2004. Can. J. Zool. 82: 1647–1654) . However, they fall far short of providing an accurate review of whaling history in this region. The authors present a number of factual errors, misuse several key sources, and make significant omissions, ultimately defeating the purpose of providing information to biologists, managers, and historians. In this comment I highlight the mistakes in their representation of the history of North Atlantic whaling for bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus L., 1758). There are unacceptable errors for most nations covered, and for American whaling in particular. The authors assert that over 30 000 bowhead whales were landed by Yankee whalers in the North Atlantic when the vast majority were in fact taken on the Pacific grounds. Although a summary of whaling history is an admirable goal and of potential value, it is unfortunate that the authors missed such an opportunity by failing to adequately research this topic, failing to include important citations, and by including sources that do not provide the information indicated. Providing a whaling summary with such errors and omissions only adds further confusion to an already confusing theme.

The Buddha of the North: Swedenborg and Transpacific Zen

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Devin Zuber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
William Blake ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Modern Japanese Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Emanuel Swedenborg ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Buddha

AbstractThe Scandinavian scientist-mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772) has had a curious relationship to the history of how Western literature has responded to Buddhism. Since Honoré de Balzac’s claim in the 1830s that Swedenborg was “a Buddha of the north,” Swedenborg’s mystical teachings have been consistently aligned with Buddhism by authors on both sides of the pacific, from D. T. Suzuki to Philangi Dasa, the publisher of the first Buddhist journal in North America. This essay explores the different historical frames that allowed for this steady correlation, and argues that the rhetorical and aesthetic trope of “Swedenborg as Buddha” became a point of cultural translation, especially between Japanese Zen and twentieth-century Modernism. Swedenborg’s figuration in the earlier work of Ralph Waldo Emerson and William Blake, moreover, might begin to account for the peculiar ways those two Romantics have particularly affected modern Japanese literature. The transpacific flow of these ideas ultimately complicates the Orientalist critique that has read Western aesthetic contact with Buddhism as one of hegemonic misappropriation.

scholarly journals Dispersal history of the golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus Geoffroy, 1835) in Europe and possible causes of its recent population explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Spassov ◽  
Ilya Acosta-Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Data on the historical distribution of the golden jackal in Europe and its primary habitats are scarce. There are many new data on the population explosion and the rapid spread of the in Europe. However, the main factors for this expansion, the core population and its routes of dispersal, remain controversial or insufficiently studied. This study provides a profound analysis of the history of the jackal’s (Canisaureusmoreoticus Geoffroy, 1835) occurrence in Europe, the factors limiting or those triggering its expansion on the continent. The analysis shows that the timing of the species appearance in Europe still remains unclear. Historical data show that the species is a typical inhabitant of South-Eastern Europe, with some pulsations within its core area, as well as extensions to the north and west of it in favourable periods. Nowadays, the increase of the species range in Europe is the largest documented population explosion on the continent. We argue that this expansion originates from only three core populations, the Peri-Strandja area and the Dalmatian coast in the Balkans and the east parts of Western Transcaucasia in the Caucasus. This population explosion is largely due to a unique combination of factors of an anthropogenic nature.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Paleolithic Industries in Altai According to the Archaeological Records of Denisova Cave

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Михаил Шуньков ◽  
Mihail Shun'kov ◽  
Анатолий Деревянко ◽  
Anatoliy Derevyanko ◽  
Максим Козликин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Core Issues

Today, Altai has the most insightful archaeological sites reflecting the ancient history of the vast space spanning from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean. The most engaging findings in the study of the primitive period were obtained in the North-Western part of Altai based on the materials of a crosscutting study of multilayer Paleolithic sites in the valley upstream of the River Anuy. The longest cultural timeline was stu­died in Denisova Cave. Analysing the Pleistocene cave deposits, the researchers applied a number of modern methods in archeology, stratigraphy, lithology, paleontology, geochronology, and other related sciences. Besides cave deposits with numerous artefacts, they discovered extensive paleontological materials, which helped to trace the evolution of cultural traditions from the primitive period to the end of the Paleolithic era and reconstruct the living conditions of the primitive human beings across the paleogeographic stages of the Pleistocene. The latest anthropological discoveries in the cave are associated with the core issues in the development of Homo genus and the formation of modern man.

A Russian Visit to the Spanish Franciscans in California, 1836

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
George O. Schanzer
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

The History of the Early contacts between the Russians and the Spanish-speaking people in this hemisphere remains to be written. A few of these meetings are common knowledge. Miranda’s visit to the Russia of Catherine the Great has been treated frequently; Concepción de Argüello’s tragic love for the Russian Rezanov became a traditional theme. Obviously, in California, where the two civilizations met, contacts were numerous. With very few exceptions they were reported as incidents of friction. Bancroft’s History of California (XIX, Chapters 4, 14 and 28) and Engelhardt’s The Missions and Missionaries of California convey the impression that the Russians were aware of the military weakness of the Spanish outposts and that the Spanish, later Mexican, leaders were generally apprehensive of the designs of their neighbors to the North. On the other hand, the friendly reception accorded by the Spanish Franciscans to Rezanov’s companion, Langsdorff, and the latter’s favorable comments on the friars’ achievements are known. Another instance of peaceful relations whose record somewhat belies the concept of an early nineteenth-century “cold war” on the Pacific coast is almost unknown.

scholarly journals Post-dural Puncture Headache in Cesarean Section; Frequency and Risk Factors: A Report From the North of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammadzadeh Jouryabi ◽  
◽  
Abbas Sedighinejad ◽  
Cyrus Emir Alavi ◽  
Gelareh Biazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Dural Puncture ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Early Ambulation ◽  
Post Dural Puncture Headache ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
History Of

Background: Spinal Anesthesia (SA) as a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method is widely used for Cesarean Section (CS). However, it is sometimes complicated by Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH). Objectives: We investigated the frequency of PDPH in CS under SA and related risk factors in an academic referral hospital in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at Alzahra hospital as an academic referral center affiliated with the Guilan University of Medical Sciences on 147 eligible cases During from May 2019 to October 2019. Then questionnaires containing questions about patients’ demographic data and some PDPH-related factors were filled out via face-to-face interviews. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS v. 21 using Chi-squared and and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The incidence of PDPH was 6.1%. Early ambulation, the number of attempts, and having a history of headache were significantly associated with a higher incidence of PDPH (P=0.001), while body mass index (P=0.106), age (P=0.093), and residents’ experience (P=0.384) had no significant association. None of our cases experienced a severe or persistent headache. Conclusion: The main predisposing factors for PDPH were found to be the history of HA, early ambulation, and the number of dura punctures. Women at risk for PDPH should be objectively screened before CS under SA.

The North Pacific Fishers

1942 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Life ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
The North Pacific

When the time comes for the representatives of Japan to face those of China, Great Britain, Holland, Mexico and the United States across a table, to drive the best bargain they can for the continued national life of their island empire in the Pacific, one of the questions to be settled will be the control of the fisheries. Given the tremendous importance of fish in the food and economy of Japan, it will be a fundamental and vital question; and it would seem that for any thorough-going settlement the Soviet Union, with its shores on the Pacific, should be invited to participate in the discussion, if indeed by that time it has not actually gone to war with Japan. A brief review of the history of the problem may be of interest now and helpful to a better understanding later.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document